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heart well enough inclined to it, and willing to channel through which their labours are to appear, bestow on it the blessing of all the saints. The and among the subjects which at present occupy Abberti Gioberti is a man of genuine talent and a their attention are the municipal history of the sincere enthusiast, notwithstanding the wild incon- peninsula, and the papal Censi Camerali, which gruity of his plans for uniting the most unbridled offer a new and rich field for investigation into the democracy with a hierarchy all but omnipotent. political economy of central Italy. The life of The greater number of the French refugees were Sixtus V. may shortly be looked for at their hands. not driven into this hospitable port by political The Saggiatore, a literary periodical of some merit, storms, but by private peccadilloes; being mostly is to be continued here with fresh spirit, and will runaway bankrupts, defaulters from bubble com- be enriched by the Signori Ginarelli and Mazio panies, &c.; some who have meddled with their with many curious antiquarian documents. Signor neighbours' cash, and some who have coveted Amati is at work upon the Regestum Farfense et their neighbours' wives. His experience of guests Subiacense,' to be compiled from a most interesting of this description, has induced the good-natured series of documents formerly belonging to the and credulous Netherlander to feel somewhat sus- Abbeys of Farfa and Subiaco, which extend over picious towards his lively' neighbours, and the nearly twelve centuries, and are preserved in the French are just now in exceeding ill odour in Bibliotheca Sessoriana, at the monastery of Sta. Brussels. Croce in Gerusalemme at Rome.

Of the Germans there are, we believe, only two, At a general meeting of the members of the with the exception of Freiligrath and Heinzen, British Life Academy at Rome, held on the 14th who might not return if they pleased. Of these, of December, it was resolved, by a large majority, the one is an M.D., Dr. Breyer, a Prussian, who to appoint a professor of design, to superintend the was, in fact, never concerned in any political drawings of the students; and, by an almost attempt, and merely assisted a friend who was, to unanimous vote, the Chevalier Mainardi, professor escape from prison. This act of friendship cost in the Academy of St. Luke, was elected to the the young man, who had just begun to practise, office, which he agreed to accept, rather as an all his hopes in his own country; for, strange to honorary appointment, than in consideration of the say, he was excluded from the amnesty published very trifling salary which the funds of the academy by Frederick William IV. Another, and more at present afford. The regular income of this very distinguished exile, is Dr. Aebrens, now Professor useful establishment falls short of £100 a year, of Philosophy at the University of Brussels, who but contributions received during last season from was driven from his country thirteen years ago, some friends of art, at home and abroad, which it when he was only twenty-one years of age, is hoped will be continued, have enabled the commerely for having taken part in some peaceful mittee to remove to more eligible premises, and to political manifestation at the time of the disturb- found an artistic library for the use of British ances at Gottingen. Of the fugitive Poles, there students. are nearly a hundred; some have entered the Mr. John Gibson has returned to Rome after army, some earn their subsistence as language visiting England for the first time during twentymasters, mechanics, &c., and many receive from five years. He has brought with him several imthe State a pension of forty-five francs a month. portant commissions in sculpture; among others an Formerly this latter class was nearly three times admirable bust of the Queen, from which he is to as great as at present; and the friendly reception execute a statue of her Majesty for Buckingham they met with, probably, as well as his disgust at Palace, as a companion to that of Prince Albert popular revolutions, has induced the Emperor of by Wolff, which reached England last summer, Russia to decline honouring Belgium by sending it| M. Stentz, the director of the French Academy a Russian resident. Alas, poor country! It has at Rome, has recently exhibited there a striking been decidedly cut' by his Imperial Majesty, and picture, founded on an incident at the sack of his agents have orders to refuse passports to any Aquileia by the troops of Attila. A ruthless warBelgian who might wish to enter his dominions.rior, mounted on a fiery horse, drags away a terriOn the other hand, Belgium has the satisfaction of fied maiden from the grasp of her aged mother, as seeing the messengers, who are everywhere search-she tends the body of her son, who had fallen in ing for his proscribed subjects, stop upon her fron- the defence of his sister's honour. The great size tier, and cease from troubling. Their master is of the canvass, and the effective grouping of the ⚫ not known in that neighbourhood.' figures, give an imposing character to the picture, ITALY.-The enterprising spirit which induced and the accessories are carefully wrought out. M. Vaisseux of Florence to publish the Archivio There, are, however, faults of mannerism which Storico d'Italia,' is spreading southwards. At sometimes diminish the pathos that belongs to the Naples, an association of gentleman have, with subject, and although the extravagance of David the tacit sanction of government, undertaken to is wanting, the impress of his style lingers upon print the more important diplomata of the Lombard this new production of the French school, whilst period which remain in the archives of Lower its colouring must, to an English eye, seem crude Italy. At Rome, Signor Ginarelli had issued pro-and ineffective.

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posals for a republication of Muratori's Scrip- The catalogue of the third sale of the Fesch tores Rerum Italicarum,' after careful collation gallery was published at Rome in the last days of with the best MSS., but this is now indefinitely the year, containing the Dutch, Flemish, German, postponed, the coadjutors upon whose literary assistance he most depended, having decided upon breaking fresh ground, rather than re-editing an expensive work already well known. These gentlemen have chosen the Archivio Storico' as the

and French pictures, in number 478. These include the gems of the collection; and the sale is advertised as positively to commence on the 17th of March, and to be continued until these and the chefs-d'œuvre of the Italian schools are disposed

nate that the government appears to comprehend and favour this movement; and it can surprise no one that, in its plans of reform, its attention should first be directed to material well-being-to trade, industry and finance, rather than to the higher interests of science and mental culture.

of; but, as the catalogue of the latter was still in silence, or even with obvious disapprobation, and the press in the beginning of March, there is every we see every day similar proofs of an improved prospect that this promise will again be broken, tone of the public mind. It is, therefore, fortuand that as formerly, the pictures brought forward will be of inferior character, set off by a few finer works. Indeed, rumours to this effect are already emanating from the parties to the sale, who allege with some show of reason, that there is not time for the catalogues to become known to amateurs at a distance. This, however, will be a very in- The rise of Austrian manufacturing industry adequate excuse to those who are already on their can be dated only from the time of the ever meway to Rome, on the faith of a bona fide auction morable Joseph II.; for its previous efforts, such at length taking place. The catalogue is a most as the establishment of the carpet manufactory at elaborate work by M. George, got up with a de- Linz, can be regarded but as attempts, and were gree of care and expense scarcely warranted even the acts merely of the government. He first sumby the quality of those admirable productions moned manufacturers from the Rhine and the which it describes with fatiguing detail, several Netherlands, and introduced the prohibitive syspages being often devoted to the illustrations of a tem as a temporary premium to them. But it was single picture. necessary that these privileges should come to an Signor Vallati has recently acquired the interest end, unless millions of consumers were to be of Prince Odescalchi in the celebrated Magdalen taxed for the sake of a few thousand manufacturby Correggio, of which we have spoken in our ers. The eyes of the Austrian government were article on Pictures and Picture dealing. The opened to the evils of this system, not only by the Magdalen is now offered for sale for 2500l., and success of the Customs League, but by the discovit is hoped that it will be secured for England. ery of the grand style in which smuggling was The valuable collection of the late Count Guido carried on along her extensive frontier. At di Vicenzo, left by will to the poor of three Roman Prague, Vienna, Trieste, and Milan, were imparishes, and to the convents of St. Vincent and ments depôts of smuggled goods, where every arSt. Anastasius, is to be sold. It contains originals ticle of foreign produce might be obtained in the of Giotto, Pietro Perugino, Raphael, Ghirlandajo, most regular and punctual manner. The conducTitian, Domenichino, Poussin, Caracci, Tinto- tors of diligences to Bavaria, Saxony, and Prusretto, Guido Reni, Albert Durer, Teniers, &c. sia, often made the largest part of their income by ATHENS. It is the intention of the government commercial transactions of this description, and to erect on the Acropolis a Greek national mu- the mines in Bohemia yielded a larger profit by seum, in which the remains of ancient art are to be serving the convenience of smugglers, than by the arranged according to their epochs; and the vari-ore found in them. The provinces of the Lomous museums of Europe are to be solicited to fur-bardo-Venetian kingdom enjoyed, thanks to the nish casts of the principal statues and groups in activity of the smugglers, an entire independence their possession. of the Austrian system, and stood in much nearer

BERLIN. The Archæological Society met here commercial relations to Lyons and Manchester, on the 7th of November. With reference to a re-than to Bohemia and Vienna. Insurance comport concerning the Xanthian marbles in the Brit-panies were even formed for the payment of fines ish museum, at the last meeting, Dr. Emilius on conviction. This trade is still very flourishBraun furnished an elaborate description of the ing on the Hungarian frontier, but the poor feltwo beautiful friezes, which, according to Mr. lows who serve as the subordinate instruments Fellows' probable conjecture, represent, the one, make little enough by it. They generally rea battle of the Lycians and the inhabitants of ceive a certain quantity of tobacco, with a direcLesser Asia; the other, the storming of the Xan- tion to a merchant or other receiver on the oppothos, and the triumph of Harpagos. Various re-site side of the border, as well as a few florins, mains of art from the Holy Land were presented part of which is paid in advance, and part on deby Dr. Shulz, Vice-consul at Jerusalem, and an livery of the goods. They then make for the interesting Abrouas stone. A Syracusan bust of great morasses on the eastern frontier, or the burnt clay was also exhibited. It was supposed, broken hilly country, where the custom-house from various peculiar ornaments, to represent Harmonia, worshipped as a goddess at Thebes.

officers cannot keep so good a watch. In severe seasons, when the trade grows bad, it is not uncommon for them to take two or three pounds of tobacco, and contrive to get taken; and as by the laws of Austria, every pound of smuggled tobacco involves the punishment of a month in the house of correction, they calculate the quantity so as to make their imprisonment just last out the winter.

The Royal Gallery has been enriched during the last three years, by no fewer than 116 new acquisitions, of which Professor Waagen gives a detailed description in the Kunst Blatt. With few exceptions these pictures belong to the most flourishing period of the art, the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; so that the attractions of The measures recently adopted by Austria in the gallery have been very greatly augmented by lowering the duties on raw cotton, cotton-twist, them. and many other articles, may be regarded with THE AUSTRIAN TARIFF.-The time has gone by satisfaction as indicative of the course to be purin Austria, when patriotism was thought to con-sued in future, but would be entirely insufficient sist in despising everything foreign, merely because if presented as effectual reforms. With respect it was foreign, and lauding to the skies the worst to raw cotton, nothing short of the total repeal of articles produced at home. In our popular theatres the duty can afford any chance of retrieving this the coarse sallies of self-adulation, formerly received important branch of industry from the condition with thunders of applause, are now heard in 'into which it has sunk.

ON THE CONTINENT,

FROM JANUARY TO MARCH, 1845, INCLUSIVE.

THEOLOGY AND ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

Agende für evangelische Kirchen. 4to. Münch.

58.

Bonnechose, E. de, Les Réformateurs avant la Réforme. XVe Siècle, Jean Hus et le Concile de Constance. 2 vols. 8vo. 10s.

Büchner's, G., Biblische Real und Verbal-Hand

Concordanz. 7 Aufl. 2 vols. 8vo. Halle. 16s. Cyrille, S. Oeuvres Complètes, Trad. du Grec, avec des notes hist. et crit., par A. Faivre. 2 vols.

8vo. 12s.

Dictionnaire des Hérésies, des erreurs et des

schismes. 2 vols. 8vo. 7s. Drechsler, M., Der Prophet Jesaja; übersetzt und erklärt. 1 Th. 8vo. Stuttg. 8s.

Harless, G. C. A., Christliche Ethik. Stuttg. 6s. Hengstenberg, E. W., Commentar über die Psalmen. 3 Bd. 8vo. Berlin. 8s.

Henry, P., Das Leben Johann Calvins des grossen Reformators. 3 Bd. 2 parts, 8vo. Hamb. 8s. Luther's, Dr. Mart., Tischreden oder Colloquia; herausg. u. erläut. von K. E. Förstemann. Abth. 8vo. Leipz. 7s.

1

Permanederi, M., Bibliotheca patristica. Tom. II., pars III. Patres et scriptores sec. III. compl. ecclesiae Latinae. 8vo. Landsh. 6s. Poujoulat, Histoire de Saint Augustin, sa vie, ses œuvres, son siècle, influence de son génie. 3 vols.

8vo. 21s,

Reuchlin, Dr. H., Geschichte von Port-Royal. Der Kampf des Reformirten und des jesuitischen Katholizismus unter Louis XIII. u. XIV. 2 Bd. 8vo. Hambg. 16s.

Rohrbacher, Abbé, Histoire universelle de l'Eglise Catholique. 8vo. Tom. XVI. 5s. 6d. Umbreit, F. W. C., Praktischer Commentar über die Propheten des alten Bundes. 4 Bd. (die kleinen Propheten)_ I. Th.: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadja. 8vo. Hamb.

CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY,
ORIENTALIA.

Aristophanes, Lustspiele. Ubers. und erläut. v. H.
Müller. 2 Bd. 8vo. Leipz. 7s. 6d.
Babrii fabulae jambicae CXXIII. jussu summi
educationis publicae administratoris A. Ville-
main nunc primum editae, J. F. Boissonade re-
cens. lat. convert. annot. 8vo. Paris. Ss.
Babrius, Fables de, Trad. en Français, par A. L.
Boyer. 8vo. 3s.

Becker, W. A., Handbuch der römischen Alterthümer. 2 Th. 1 Abth. 8vo. Leipz. 8s. Bournouf, E., Introduction à l'Histoire du Buddhisme Indien. T. I. 4to. 30s.

Charisi. Die ersten Makamen aus dem Tachkemoni oder Divan des Charisi, herausg., u. ins Deutsche übertragen v. S. I. Kaempf. Svo. Berlin. 6s.

Corpus inscriptionum graecarum. Edid. A. Boeckh et J. Franz. Vol. III. Fasc. I. Fol. Berol. 19s.

Flavius Philostratus, Philostrati junioris imagines Callistrati descriptiones. Ed. C. L. Kayser. Pars I. 4to. Tur. subscr. for 2 parts. 27s. Friedländer, J., Der Fund von Obrzycko, Silber

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30s.

Karte von Klein-Asien. Entworfen und gez. nach den neuesten und zuvelässigsten Quellen, von H. Kiepert, A. Schönborn, und K. Koch. In 6 Blättern. Imp-fol. Berlin. 24s.

Kiepert, H., Karte des Türkischen Reichs in KleinAsien. 2 Bl. Imp-fol. Berlin. 6s.

Lainé, M., Archives généalogiques et historiques de la Noblesse de France. Tom. IX. Svo. 9s. Müller, Das nordische Griechenthum u. die urgeschichtliche Bedeutung des nordwestlichen Europa's. 8vo. Mainz. 9s. 6d.

Muret, T., Histoire de l'Armée de Condé. 2 vols 8vo. 15s.

Pertz, G. H., Monumenta Germaniae historica inde ab a. Chr. 500 usque ad a. 1500

VIII. Folio. Hanov. 51.

Pückler, Prinz. Aus Mehemed Ali's Reich. 2 und 3 Th. Ober-Aegypten-Nubien und Sudan. Stuttg. 21s.

Bearb.

Regesta imperii. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Heinrich Raspe, Wilhelm, Richard, Rudolf, Adolf, Albrecht und Heinrich VII. v. J. F. Böhmer. 4to. Stuttg. 16s. Thiers, Le Consulat el l'Empire. Tom. I. et II. Svo. Paris. 10s.

BELLES-LETTRES.

Arlincourt, Vicomte d,' Les Anneaux d'une Chaine. 2 vols. 8vo. 15s.

Cousin, V., Jacqueline Pascal. 12mo. 5s.

THE

FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW,

No. LXX.

FOR JULY, 1845.

ART. I.-Histoire des Comtes de Flandre,, half-crown volume, or a book for a book-club. jusqu'à l'avènement de la Maison de Bour- Still, cheapness of books is in all other regogne. (History of the Counts of Flan- spects a good thing; and if it were not it ders to the Accession of the House of cannot be helped. This, however, is one of Burgundy.) Par EDOUARD LE GLAY, the excuses of English authors. Another Ancien Eléve de l'Ecole Royale des Chartes, Conservateur-Adjoint des Archives de Flandre à Lille. 2 vols. Paris.

1843.

applies more particularly to books of abstract reasoning, and to poetry. We believe there are, at most, two poets of the present day whose works command any price from a publisher; one of them, nevertheless, being known and admired by all the remaining readers of poetry in England. We do not believe that any metaphysical, logical, or political treatise, would pay the expenses of publishing. If Locke, and Berkeley, and Adam Smith were at this moment ready and

The opi

IN commencing a notice of even the most unpretending historical work of a foreign writer, an English critic cannot but feel embarrassed by a recollection of the decline, or rather death, of history, as well as of most of the other higher branches of literature, in our own country. Disregarding, as we willing to instruct the world, we believe must if our present remarks are to be pro- that every publisher in London would be ceeded with at all, this unpleasant conscious- compelled, by regard to his own interest, to ness, we refer to it only for the purpose of refuse to become the medium of instruction. calling attention to one or two of the causes This result, too, seems unavoidable-readwhich may account for our undeniable in- ers have become a larger and, therefore, a feriority in this respect to our French and busier and less instructed class. German neighbours: not that we see any nion of their intellectual superiors daily loses chance of removing them, but because it is in weight, and the majority, who perhaps desirable to provide our countrymen with care for poetry and philosophy neither more legitimate excuses for their deficiencies. nor less than the same class in former times, The most general cause of the decline of have become the ruling body in the world literature is probably to be found in the ex- of literature. The publisher would lose his treme cheapness, which not only makes it best customers by publishing dear books. impossible for publishers to remunerate any The author who writes for the few cannot but the lightest and most amusing writers afford to write cheap books. Hereafter, the adequately, but supplies the indiscriminate taste of the great body of readers may posappetite of the public with a vast mass of sibly be raised; but, in the meantime, the food in which it is wholly incapable of dis- evil must be submitted to. Authors, since tinguishing for itself the wholesome and the death of patronage, necessarily depend nutritious portions. When books were few on publishers, and publishers as necessarily and dear, those who bought them were often on readers: that authors of the higher orders guided in their choice by those who under- are now probably worse remunerated than stood them; but all persons can judge of a at any period since the Restoration is their

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misfortune, and much more the misfortune the other-the standard of natural ability is of the public. We do not believe that the much higher for the historian than the judge. 'Paradise Lost' would now be valued at so Now let it be observed what temptation is large a sum as at the time it was written; offered to embrace the more arduous career. but certainly publishers are not in fault. In the whole of England there are two hisThey are quite right in preferring tales in torical professorships of 4001. a year, one at monthly numbers, sermons, and illuminated either university. This is, with the excepmagazines, to unprofitable speculations in tion of two or three miserable pensions, the solid and enduring literature. If the body whole provision furnished by this country called the public wanted wise books, sooner for the maintenance of historical learningor later wise books would be written for it. we might almost say, of learning of any There is, however, one important excep- kind. The college endowments of the unition to the general want of interest in litera-versities succeed admirably in producing ture. We believe the discerning public has the groundwork of knowledge, but the short a growing taste for history. Memoirs and period for which they are generally held is a letters of all kinds, and even translations of direct inducement to select any other pursuit foreign historical works, are among the most rather than that of literary study for adpopular publications of the time. There is vancement in the world. We do not much no study more wholesome or more useful, regret the absence of great rewards. especially to a nation of politicians; yet moderate inducement will keep a historian how little has been done to meet it. Mr. or a philosopher in the path to which his Alison's history, embracing the most imme- genius leads him; but he ought not to be diately interesting of all periods, has acquir- called upon to sacrifice all prospect of aded popularity alike by its merits and its de- vancement in life. At present he will find fects; Dr. Thirlwall's History of Greece' no provision, and, unless he is popular, no has been fully appreciated by scholars; and reward. The prospects of literary men the more congenial subject of Roman his- have gradually been darkening since the time tory has acquired through Dr. Arnold a when the national reverence for genius was wider circle of readers; but in the more expressed in the regard shown to it by immediate business of Englishmen, the his- statesmen, when it was popular to make tory of their own country, there seems to Addison a minister, and Prior an ambassabe an entire stagnation. Mr. Hallam's his- dor. The Church remained to them long; tories have been published, we believe, more but popular feeling has declared conclusivethan twenty years; and even the little which ly against a learned clergy. The revenues Mackintosh added to our literature, belongs will henceforth be associated to active duto another generation. It is universally ad- ties, and we fear that Mr. Milman will be mitted, that not only the general history of the last Prebendary of Westminster who England, but that of almost every separate will add to the literature of England. Nor period, still remains to be written. Yet we are the indirect advantages of learning have heard of no rising historians, and one greater than its pecuniary rewards. In cause of the deficiency, at least, appears to Germany the university professors alone us plain, though we suggest no means of re- are, perhaps, the most influential body in moving it. The study of history for the the nation; and from them are selected many purpose of writing history, is a profession to of the highest judicial and administrative occupy a life; and the historian requires a officers. In France it is enough to say that fixed position during the continuance of his M. de Barante is a peer of France, that M. labours, as well as a reward when he has Guizot and M. de Salvandy are in the cabicompleted them. It is as necessary to pos- net, that M. Villemain has recently left it, sess a technical knowledge of manuscripts, and that M. Thiers is the leader of opposirecords, and public documents, as to have tion. Most of these statesmen have been judgment to understand events, and genius university professors, all have been eminent to reproduce them in narrative. Even poe- writers. They passed their youth in thought try, even philosophy, though they may and study, and their country thinks them strain the intellect more strongly, require worthy in their mature years of serving and less continuousness of labour; for the vast ruling it. In England, they would have had abundance of materials in modern times has pensions of 2001. a year each, if in want: produced the same change in the duties of a and would have had condescending invitahistorian, as the accumulation of statutes tions to aristocratic dinners, if their manners and cases in the qualifications of a judge. were agreeable. We repeat that we speak Neither office can now fitly be held by a not on behalf of literary or historical writers, layman-the labour necessary to attain one but on behalf of readers, and it may be reposition is perhaps equal to that required for viewers. Let us, it we like, do without great

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