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the loveliest spots" in Britain; but the negotiation | curious fact. The Reformation did one great mischief;

was broken off. A twelvemonth passed, and his child, to whom he was tenderly attached, sickened and died. This circumstance drove him from Bristol, and Coleridge being still resident at Keswick, he was attracted thither in his hour of bereavement. The grandeur and loveliness of the lake scenery soon began to exercise an influence on his poetical tastes, and we find him, on the 8th of September, 1803, thus writing to Lieutenant Southey: "Edith suffers deeply and silently. She is kept awake at night by recollections, and I am harassed by dreams of the poor child's illness and recovery; but this will wear away. Would that you could see these lakes and mountains! how wonderful they are! how awful in their beauty. All the poet part of me will be fed and fostered here. I feel already in tune, and shall proceed to my work with such feeling of power as old Samson had when he laid hold of the pillars of the temple of Dagon."

In the congenial seclusion to which the poet had prudently withdrawn, he appears to have occupied himself with more zeal than ever in his varied literary pursuits. Few events occurred to vary the even tenor of his life, and his letters breathe a spirit of cheerful contentedness. Another daughter was born to him in April, 1804, whom he named, after her mother, Edith. In the spring of 1805, the poem of Madoc, on which he had been employed at intervals for years, at length made its appearance, in an expensive style of typography. Its success was rather dubious. The critics of the Edinburgh were unfavourable, and the poem

was not calculated to fix popular admiration. But the great merits of the work were admitted by a discerning few, among whom it is refreshing to find the great literary giant of the north, Sir Walter Scott. In a letter to Miss Seward, Sir Walter thus speaks of Southey's epic: "I think Southey does himself injustice in supposing the Edinburgh Review, or any other, could have hurt Madoc, even for a time. But the size and price of the work, joined to the frivolity

of an age which must be treated as nurses humour children, are sufficient reasons why a poem on so chaste a model should not have taken immediately. We know the similar fate of Milton's immortal work in the witty age of Charles II., at a time when poetry

was much more fashionable than at present."

The intelligent reader will find many passages to interest him, in the letters written by Southey at this period, to his various private friends. Many shrewd and humorous remarks are interspersed, and various opinions are expressed, which curiously illustrate the character of the man. We will make one, and but one, more quotation from this portion of the work, as a specimen of the material of these familiar epistles, Our extract is from a letter to John Rickman, Esq., March 22, 1805.

"The abuses, or main abuses, of printing spring from one evil,-it almost immediately makes authorship a trade. Per-sheeting was in use as early as Martin Luther's time, who mentions the price- a

in destroying the monastic orders, it deprived us of the only bodies of men who could not possibly be injured by the change which literature had undergone. They could have no peculium; they laboured hard for amusement; the society had funds to spare for printing, and felt a pride in thus disposing of them for the reputation of their Order. We laugh at the ignorance of these Orders, but the most worthless and most ignorant of them produced more works of erudition than all the English and all the Scotch universities since the Refor mation; and it is my firm belief that a man at this day will find better society in a Benedictine monastery than he could at Cambridge; certainly better than he could at Oxford."

Having now traced the poet to his comfortable retreat at Keswick, it will be convenient for us to pause. In a future number we will proceed with our Biography, and in as brief a compass as possible present the reader with the remaining incidents in the life of Robert Southey.

AN EDITORIAL VISIT.

BY THEODORE S. FAY.

I WAS passing from my office one day, to in-
dulge myself with a walk, when a little hard-faced
old man, with a black coat, broad-brimmed hat,
velvet breeches, shoes and buckles, and gold-headed
cane, stopped me, standing directly in my path.
I crossed my
I looked at him. He looked at me.
civil smile, and waited the development of his inten-
hands before me patiently, forced my features into a
tions; not being distinctly certain, from his firm,
determined expression, whether he was "a spirit of
health or goblin damned," and whether his intents
were "wicked or charitable "-that is, whether he
came to discontinue or to subscribe, to pay a bill or
present one, to offer a communication or a pistol,
to shake me by the hand, or pull me by the nose.
For my part, I am peaceable, and much attached to
Editors now-a-days must always be on their guard.

life, and should esteem it exceedingly disagreeable
to be either shot or horsewhipped. I am not built
for action, but love to sail in quiet waters; cordially
eshewing gales, waves, water-spouts, sea-serpents,
earthquakes, tornadoes, and all such matters, both
on sea and land. My antipathy to a horsewhip is
an inheritance from boyhood. It carried me across
Cæsar's bridge, and through Virgil and Horace. I am
indebted to it for a tolerable understanding of gram-
mar, arithmetic, geography, and other occult sciences.
It enlightened me not a little upon many algebraic
processes, which to speak truth, presented, otherwise,
but slender claims to my consideration. It disciplined
me into an uniform propriety of manners, and instilled
into my
bosom early rudiments of wisdom, and princi-
ples of virtue. In maturer
my
the contingencies
of life have thrust me rather abruptly, if not reluc
tantly, into the editorial fraternity, (heaven bless them,
I mean them no disrespect,) and in the same candour

years,

which distinguishes my former acknowledgments, I confess that visions of this instrument have occasionally obtruded themselves somewhat forcibly upon may fancy, in the paroxysms of an article, dampening the glow of composition, and causing certain qualify ing interlineations and prudent erasures, prompted by the representations of memory or the whispers of prudence. The reader must not fancy, from the form of my expression, that I have ever been horsewhipped. I have hitherto escaped, (for which heaven be praised!) | although my horizon has been darkened by many a cloudy threat, and thundering denunciation.

Nose-pulling is another disagreeable branch of the editorial business. To have any part of one pulled is annoying; but there is a dignity about the nose impatient even of observation or remark; while the act of taking hold of it with the thumb and finger is worse than murder, and can only be washed out with blood. | Kicking, cuffing, being turned out of doors, being abused in the papers, &c. are bad, but these are mere minor considerations. Indeed, many of my brother editors rather pique themselves upon some of them, as a soldier does on the scars obtained in fighting the battles of his country; they fancy that, thereby, they are invested with claims upon their party, and suffer indefinite dreams of political eminence to be awakened in their bosoms. I have seen a fellow draw his hat fercely down over his brow, and strut about, with insufferable importance, on the strength of having been thoroughly kicked by the enemy.

This is a long digression, but it passed rapidly through my mind as the little, hard-faced old gentleman stood before me, looking at me with a piercing glance, and a resolute air. At length, unlike a ghost, he spoke first.

"You are the editor ?"-&c.

A slight motion of acquiescence with my head, and an affirmative wave of my hand, a little leaning toward the majestic, announced to my unknown friend the accuracy of his conjecture.

The little old gentleman's face relaxed-he took off his broad-brimmed hat, and laid it down with his cane carefully on the table, then seized my hand and shook heartily. People are so polite and friendly when about to ask a favour.

"My dear sir," said he, "this is a pleasure I have long sought vainly. You must know, sir, I am the editor of a theatrical weekly—a neat thing in its way -here's the last number." He fumbled about in his pocket, and produced a red-covered pamphlet.

"I have been some time publishing it, and though it is admitted by all acquainted with its merits, to be clearly the best thing of the kind ever started this side of the Atlantic, yet people do not seem to take much notice of it. Indeed, my friends tell me that the public are not fully aware of its existence. Pray let me be indebted to you for a notice. I wish to get fairly afloat. You see I have been too diffident about it. We modest fellows allow our inferiors to pass us often. I will leave this number with you. Pray, pray give it a good notice."

He placed in my hands the eleventh number of the "North American Thespian Magazine," devoted to the drama, and also to literature, science, history, and the arts. On reading over the prospectus, I found it vastly comprehensive, embracing pretty much every subject in the world. If so extensive a plan were decently filled up in the details, the "North American Thespian Magazine" was certainly worth the annual subscription money, which was only one dollar. I said so under my "literary notices," in the next impression of my journal; and, although I had not actually read the work, yet it sparkled so with asterisks, dashes, and notes of admiration, that it looked interesting. I added in my critique, that it was elegantly got up, that its typographical execution reflected credit on the publishers, that its failure would be a grievous reproach to the city, that its editor was a scholar, a writer, and a gentleman, and was favourably known to the literary circles by the eloquence, wit, and feeling of his former productions. What those productions were, I should have been rather puzzled to say, never having read, or even heard of them. This, however, was the cant criticism of the day, which is so exorbitant and unmeaning, and so universally cast in one mould, that I was in some tribulation, on reading over the article in print, to find that I had omitted the words, "native genius," which possesses a kind of common-law right to a place in all articles on American literary productions. Forth, however, it went to the world, and I experienced a philanthropic emotion in fancying how pleased the little, hard-faced, old gentleman would be with these flattering encomiums on his "Thespian Magazine."

The very day my paper was out, as I was sitting "full fathom five" deep in an article on "The Advantages of Virtue," (an interesting theme, upon my views of which I rather flattered myself,) I was startled by three knocks at the door, and my "Come in " exhibited to view the broad-brimmed hat of the hard-faced old gentleman, with his breeches, buckles, gold-headed cane, and all. He laid aside his hat and cane with the air of a man who has walked a great way, and means to rest himself a while. I was very busy. It was one of my inspired moments. Half of a brilliant idea was already committed to paper. There it lay-a fragment -a flower cut off in the bud-a mere outline-an embryo; and my imagination cooling like a piece of red-hot iron in the open air. I raised my eyes to the old gentleman, with a look of solemn silence, retaining my pen ready for action, with my little finger extended, and hinting, in every way, that I was "not i' the vein." I kept my lips closed. I dipped the pen in the inkstand several times, and held it hovering over the sheet. It would not do. The old gentleman was not to be driven off his ground by shakes of the pen, inkdrops, or little fingers. He fumbled about in his pockets, and drew forth the red-covered "North American Thespian Magazine," devoted to the drama, &c., number twelve. He wanted "a good notice. The last was rather general. I had not specified its peculiar claims upon the public. I had copied nothing.

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That sort of critique did no good. He begged me to | but what was dyspepsy or consumption to that little read this carefully-to analyse it-to give it a candid hard-faced old gentleman-to those breeches to that examination." I was borne down by his emphatic broad-brimmed hat-to those buckles-to that gold manner; and being naturally of a civil deportment as headed cane? well as, at that particular moment, in an impatient, feverish hurry to get on with my treatise on the "Advantages of Virtue," which I felt now oozing out of my subsiding brain with an alarming rapidity, I promised to read, notice, investigate, analyse to the uttermost extent of his wishes, or at least of my ability.

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Remember, Peter," said I, the second morning after the foregoing, "I have gone out."

"Where have you gone ?" inquired Peter, with grave simplicity. "They always ask me where you have gone, sir. The little man with the hat was here last night, and wanted to go after you."

"Forbid it heaven! I have gone to Albany, Peter, on business."

I can hear in my room pretty much what passes in the adjoining one, where visitors first enter from the street. I had scarcely got comfortably seated, in a rare mood for poetry, giving the last touches to a poem, which, whatever might be the merits of Byron and Moore, I did not think altogether indifferent, when I heard the little old gentleman's voice inquiring for me.

"I must see him; I have important business," it said.

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He has gone out," replied Peter, in an under

Well, if he ever come here again, Peter, tell him tone, in which I could detect the consciousness that I am not in."

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I re-entered my little study, and closed the door after me with a slam, which could only have been perceptible to those who knew my ordinary still and mild manner. There might have been also a slight accent in my way of turning the key, and (candour is a merit!) I could not repress a brief exclamation of displeasure at the little old gentleman with his magazine, who had broken in so provokingly upon my "essay on virtue." "Virtue or no virtue," thought I, "I wish him to the d-.”

My room is on the ground-floor, and a window adjoining the street lets in upon me the light and air through a heavy crimson curtain, near which I sit and scribble. I was just enlarging upon the necessity of resignation, while the frown yet lingered on my brow, and was writing myself into a more calm and complacent mood, when-another knock at the door. As I opened it, I heard Peter's voice asserting, sturdily, that I had "gone out." Never dreaming of my old enemy, I betrayed too much of my person to withdraw, and I was recognised and pounced upon by the little old gentleman, who had come back to inform me that he intended, as soon as the increase of his subscription would permit, to enlarge and improve the "North American Thespian Magazine," and to employ all the writers in town. "I intend also," said he, and he was in the act of again laying aside that everlasting hat and cane, when a cry of fire in the neighbourhood, and the smell of the burning rafters attracted him into the street, where, as I feared, he escaped unhurt. In many respects fires are calamities; but I never saw a more forcible exemplification of Shakspeare's remark, "There is some spirit of good in things evil," than in the relief afforded me on the present occasion. I wrote, after that, with my door locked. This I knew was, from the confined air, prejudicial to my health;

he was uttering a bouncer.

"But I must see him," said the voice.

"The scoundrel!" muttered I.

"He is not in town, sir," said Peter.

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I heard his retreating footsteps, and inwardly resolved to give Peter a half-dollar, although he deserved to be horsewhipped for his readiness at deception. I laughed aloud triumphant), and slapped my hand down upon my knee with the feelings of a fugitive debtor, who, hotly pursued by a sheriff's officer, escapes over the line into another county and snaps his fingers at Monsieur Bailiff. I was aroused from my merry mood of reverie by a touch on my shoulder. I turned suddenly. It was the hard-faced little old gentleman, peeping in from the street. Ilis broad-brimmed hat and two-thirds of his face were just lifted above the window-sill. He was evidently standing on tiptoe; and the window being open, he had put aside the curtain, and was soliciting my attention with the end of his cane.

"Ah!" said he, "is it you? Well, I thought it was you, though I wasn't sure. I won't interrupt you. Here are the proofs of number thirteen; you'll find something glorious in that-just the thing for youdon't forget me next week-good-bye. I'll see you again in a day or two."

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I shall not cast a gloom over my readers by dwelling upon my feelings. Surely, surely, there are sympa thetic bosoms among them. To them I appeal. I said nothing. Few could have detected anything violent or extraordinary in my manner, as I took the proofs from the end of the little old gentleman's cane, and laid them calmly on the table. I did not write any more about "virtue" that morning. It was out of the question. Indeed, my mind scarcely recovered from the shock for several days.

When my nerves are in any way irritated, I find a walk in the woods a soothing and agreeable sedative. | Accordingly, the next afternoon, I wound up the affairs of the day earlier than usual, and set out for a ramble through the groves and along the shore of Hoboken. I was soon on one of the abrupt acclivities, where, tarough the deep rich foliage of the intertwining branches, I overlooked the Hudson, the wide bay, and the superb, steepled city, stretching in a level line of zaguiticence upon the shining waters, softened with an overhanging canopy of thin haze. I gazed at the picture, and contempleted the rivalry of nature with art, striving which could most delight. As my eye moved from ship to ship, from island to island, and from shore to shore-now reposing on the distant blue, then revelling in the nearer luxuriance of the forest green, I heard a step in the grass, and a little ragged fellow came up and asked me if I was the editor of the I was about replying to him affirmatively, when his words arrested my attention. "A little gentleman with a hat and cane," he said, "had been inquiring for the editor, &c. at the adjoining hotel, and bad given him sixpence to run up into the woods and find him." I rushed precipitately, as I thought, into the thickest recesses of the wood. The path, however, being very circuitous, I suddenly came into it, and nearly ran against a person whom it needed no second glance to recognise, although his back was luckily toward me. The hat, the breeches, the cane, were enough. If not, part of a red-covered pamphlet, sticking out of the coat-pocket, was. "It must be cumber thirteen!" I exclaimed; and as the little old gentleman was sauntering north, I shaped my course with all possible celerity in a southerly direction.

In order to protect myself for the future, I took precautionary measures; and in addition to having myself denied, I kept the window down, and made my egress and ingress through a door round the corner, as Peter told me he had several times seen the little A gentleman, with a package in his hand, standing site the one through which we usually entered, and looking at the office wistfully.

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phia, I stepped on board the steamboat, exhilarated with the idea that I was to have at least two or three weeks respite. I reached the place of my destination about five o'clock in the afternoon. It was lovely weather. The water spread out like unrippled glass, and the sky was painted with a thousand varying shadows of crimson and gold. The boat touched the shore, and while I was watching the change of a lovely cloud, I heard the splash of a heavy body plunged into the water. A sudden sensation ran along the crowd, which rushed from all quarters towards the spot; the ladies shricked and turned away their heads; and I perceived that a man had fallen from the deck, and was struggling in the tide, with only one hand held convulsively above the surface. Being a practised swimmer, I hesitated not a moment, but flung off my hat and coat, and sprang to his rescue. With some difficulty I succeeded in bearing him to a boat and dragging him from the stream. I had no sooner done so, than to my horror and astonishment I found I had saved the little hard-faced old gentleman. His snuffcoloured breeches were dripping before me-his broadbrimmed hat floated on the current-but his cane (thank heaven !) had sunk for ever. He suffered no other ill consequences from the catastrophe than some injury to his garments and the loss of his cane. His gratitude for my exertions knew no bounds. He assured me of his conviction that the slight acquaintance previously existing between us would now be ripened into intimacy, and informed me of his intention to lodge at the same hotel with me. He had come to Philadelphia to see about a plate for his sixteenth number, which was to surpass all its predecessors, and to which he would let me have an early copy, that I might notice it as it deserved.

INVASION OF ENGLAND BY THE FRENCH.'

ENGLAND, we are assured, is in a defenceless state. All Europe menaces her safety; France, in particular, burning with hereditary hatred of the British Lion, is perpetually meditating an invasion of our crowded shores. We meanwhile stand in our unmantled innocence, indulging in deep dreams of peace, and ready to be devoured by our gigantic enemy. Sir Francis Head, however, has been favoured with a vision, and no doubt most people will consult his pleasant volume to learn the particulars of their approaching fate. The imagination has magical power, and will create for us the picture of England invaded by a French army, of our great roads filled by columns of Gallic cavalry, our capital occupied by foreign troops, and ourselves overwhelmed in the sack and slaughter that would desolate our wealthy city.

By means of these arrangements, I succeeded in preserving my solitude inviolate, when, to my indigsation, I received several letters from different parts of the country, written by my friends, and pressing upon me, at the solicitation of the little old gentleman, the propriety of giving the "Thespian Magazine" a good notice. I tore the letters, each one as I read them, into three picces, and dropped them under the tale. Business calling me, soon after, to Philadel- Head, Bart. London. Murray. 1850.

Suddenly, on a fine May morning, the sails and smoke of a strange fleet are observed on the horizon. Steamer after steamer, under convoy of mighty leviathans, appears in view. A vast armament displays its formidable length along the English coast. It ap

VOL. XIII.

(1) "The Defenceless State of Great Britain." By Sir Francis

D

proaches. The scared dwellers on the shore betake | perpetually strike the ear. All day and all night

themselves to flight; the bells ring; stacks are set on fire; beacons blaze from cliff to cliff; the alarm runs along the country; and darkness arrives again, while the whole land is in commotion, and French columns are formed on English soil.

Some thoughtful patriots fly to the railway station. By a few quivering motions of two little black needles," there appear simultaneously upon "the white dials of all the electric telegraphs in the United Kingdom the three words-MENE, Tekel, Upharsi; Anglicè, THEY ARE COMING!"

What sensations would thrill the nerves of all peaceful people! The great fearing for their property; the bishops for their revenues; the fundholders for their dividends; the landlords for their rents; the placemen for their salaries; the farmers for their crops; the parsons for their tithes; the tradesmen for their stocks; and the women for all but themselves. Then would the country, in unavailing sorrow, repent its niggardly economy. Had the proposition of Sir Francis Head been adopted, what a splendid result! Had we raised and paid a standing army of 150,000 men, we might set up the British banner, spread its folds to the blast, and meet the force of invasion by a shock of tenfold power. Our author draws a richly-coloured picture of the scenes that would ensue after the alarm was spread through England.

In our dockyards every ship of war would swarm like an ant-hill with labourers. Masts, yards, sails, and riggings, would assume their places as if by magic. Guns and powder-barrels would be rolled on deck. Trains of hardy tars, ready primed for battle, would pour on board; ship after ship would weigh anchor, and soon a mighty fleet, with the British flag displayed, would sail forth in search of the impudent invader. Next day the town would blaze with placards; "LATEST INTELLIGENCE HALF-PAST FIVE. GLORIOUS NEWS-BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. DESTRUCTION OF THE FRENCH FLEET OFF THE COAST OF KENT.-ROUT OF THE INVADERS AND TRIUMPH OF THE BRITISH ARMS!!!”

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With proper deference to the military science of Sir Francis Head, we imagine that if ever our neighbours should be so mad as to attempt an invasion of our shores, the newspaper-proprietors might print such placards beforehand, and rest certain of the receipt of such news. He, however, confides little trust to the navy-the sole and sufficient bulwark of our island. From all parts of England he would have the red-coated gentry issue in swarms out of their barracks to crowd down and defend their coasts. Soldiers, rammed, crammed, and jammed by thousands into first, second, and third-class carriages, bullock, ballast, coal, and luggage-trucks, "would, in silent joy, through the verdant fields of merry England be seen flying along every railway in the kingdom towards the metropolis." Cheers would welcome them as they passed; the chink of arms; the roll of drums, the tramp of feet, and "horses to battle going," the exciting shout, and all the varied notes of war would

cannon would rumble through our streets, bayonets glimmer by myriads along our roads, every ray of sunlight be reflected from a sword, and the land quake under the ceaseless tramp of cavalry. The end of all this is most comfortable. The invaders, we are told, would be caught in the awkward position of having one leg on sea and the other on shore. The French officers would have to excite their troops, the English to restrain theirs. Ultimately, the Gallic host is to be smitten with the edge of the sword, routed, scattered, and driven back into the sea with awful and unsparing slaughter.

Next day the enemy would send by electric telegraph apologies and proposals of peace. London would be illuminated; John Bull would shed tears of joy. Pewter medals would be distributed among the soldiers of the line; stars and pensions among the officers. The army would then go comfortably into peace quarters, and be paid thirty millions a-year for standing between the people and their liberties. The nation could then express its thanks to Sir Francis Head by creating him field-marshal, giving him ten thousand a-year, erecting him a monument five hundred feet high, and getting the great sculptor Baily to execute a bust of him for the British Walhalla.

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But supposing the French come now, says Sir Francis, before my plan is adopted! Ay, there's the rub! The Queen, he tells us, is to be packed off to a fortified dockyard, in a safe conveyance, marked, This side up." The army Royalty; with care. is to follow her into close quarters, and abandon the palaces, the Houses of Parliament, the bishops' castles, the Bank, the wealth, the property, not to mention the people of London, to their fate. What would Sir Francis will explain presently. that fate be? Meanwhile, he tells the reason why the useless and costly army we already have should not fight. If it fought and were destroyed, "the British nation would be ANNIHILATED; whereas, if London only were to be captured, the nation would be RUINED, but not ANNIHILATED." The country must wait three years to stir its blood up for an assault on the invader!

As for defending London by an entrenched line of positions, it would take a long time, and cost, at least, two millions, which Sir Francis hardly hopes will be expended on it. Holding it unfortified, would be impossible. The cities of Spain, containing massivelybuilt convents, with flat roofs and covered balconies, can resist no siege, therefore London could not. The reasoning is cogent; but we pass it by. The French army is on the march! It sweeps the country as it goes. Farmhouses, villages, towns, and cities, are devastated by the way, and foreign troops are quartered under every English roof on the road. Sir Francis shall carry on the narrative :

"The French army, after leisurely marching towards London, through-say Maidstone, Tunbridge, and Chatham, its right resting on the Thames, would probably encamp on and in the neighbourhood of Blackheath, and here Woolwich, OUR MAIN AND ALMOST ONLY ARSENAL,

in which all our brass guns are made,—the great dépôt

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