HOLY ROOD. Ir is not generally known that the name given to the ancient Abbey of Holyrood, founded by David I. and subsequently adopted for the Royal Palace, was acquired by circumstances truly miraculous if we may believe Hector Brece, whose account we here abridge and modernise. servants to France and Flanders, "who brought right crafty masons to brild this abbey, dedicated in the honour of the holy cross." The cross remained for more than two certuries in the monastery, but when David II., son of Robert Bruce, set out on his expedition against the English, he took the cross with him, and when he was taken prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross, the cross shared the monarch's fate. It subsequently became an appendage of Durham Cathedral. The stately abbey of Holy Rood was despoiled by the Protector Somerset in 1554, and totally destroyed by the Presbyterians at the Revolution. MRS. SANDBOYS.' David, who was crowned King of Scotland at Scone in 1124, came to visit the Castle of Edinburgh three or four years after. At this time there was about the eastle a great forest full of harts and hinds. Now was the Rood-day coming, called the Exaltation of the Cross, and because the same was a high solemn day, the King passed to his contemplation. After the masses were done with vast solemnity and reverence, appeared before him many young and insolent barons 1851; OR, THE ADVENTURES OF MR. AND) of Scotland, right desirous to have some pleasure and solace by chase of hounds in the said forest. At this THIS is a very clever serial work, by Henry Mayhew time was with the King a man of singular and devout and George Cruikshank;-the sketches by the latter life named Alcuin, Canon of the order of St. Augustine, who was long time confessor afore to King and the most stupid laugh,-that wholesome laughter are sui generis, and would make the most saturnine David in England, the time that he was Earl of after which we feel better and cleverer; humour is Huntingdon and Northumberland." Alcuin used very influential, if not absolutely infectious. Most of many arguments to dissuade the King from going to our readers are familiar, at least by name, with Butthe hunt. Nevertheless, his dissuasion little availed, termere, the beautiful, in which vale are cradled the | or the King was finally so provoked by inopportune quiet homes of a few Britons like Mr. and Mrs. Sandsolicitation of his barons, that he passed, notwith-boys. It is almost impossible to read Mr. Mayhew's standing the solemnity of the day, to his hounds." As the King was coming to the vale that lay to the east from the castle, subsequently named the Canongate, the stag passed through the wood with such din of bugles, and horses, and braying of dogs, that "all the beasts were raised from their dens. Now was the King coming to the foot of the crag, and all his nobles severed, here and there, from him, at their game and solace, when suddenly appeared to his sight the fairest hart that ever was seen before with living creature." There seems to have been something awful and mysterious about the appearance and movements of this hart which frightened King David's horse past control, and it ran away over mire and moss, followed by the strange hart "so fast that he threw both the King and his horse to the ground. Then the King cast back his hands between the horns of this hart, to have saved him from the stroke thereof," when a miraculous Holy Cross slid into the King's hands, and remained, while the hart fled away with great violence. This occurred "on the same place where now springs the Rood Well." The hunters, affrighted by the accident, gathered about the King from all parts of the wood to comfort him, and fell on their knees, devoutly adoring the holy cross, which was not a common, but a heavenly piece of workmanship, "for there is no man can show of what matter it is of, metal or tree." Soon after, the King returned to his castle, and in the night following he was admonished by a vision in his sleep, to build an abbey of canons regular in the same place where he had been saved by the cross. Alcuin, his confessor, by no means pended his good mind," and the King sent his trusty sus graphic account of Buttermere and its inhabitants, heart-whole-if not heartless. tion" of such a place as Mr. Mayhew describes thus— Let the untravelled Londoner "entertain concepit is not a far-fetched fancy. WHAT BUTTERMERE IS NOT. "Here the knock of the dun never startles the student, for (thrice blessed spot!) there are no knockers. Here are no bills, to make one dread the coming of (1) "The Adventures of Mr. and Mrs. Sandboys." By Henry Street. Mayhew and George Cruikshank. Nos, 1 and 2. Bogue, Flect NOTICES OF BOOKS. the spring, or the summer, or the Christmas, or what- | you don't derive a little healthy laughter from it, you ever other festive' season they may fall due upon, will never laugh any more in your life, and it is profor (oh, earthly paradise!) there are no tradesmen, blematical to us whether you ever have laughed. and, better still, no discounters, and, greater boon than all-no! not one attorney within nine statute miles of mountain, fell, and morass, to ruffle the serenity of the village inn! Here that sure revolving tax-gatherer, as inevitable and cruel as the fate in a Grecian Tragedy, never comes with long book and short inkhorn, to convince us it is Lady Day, nor 'Paving,' nor Lighting,' nor 'Water,' 'Sewers,' nor 'Poor's,' nor Parochials,' nor 'Church,' nor County,' nor Queen's,' nor any other accursed accompaniment of our boasted civilization. **** Here there are no newspapers at breakfast to stir up your early bile with a grievance, or to render the merchant's morning meal indigestible with the list of bankrupts, or startle the fundholder with a sense that all security for property is at an end. Here there are no easy-chair philosophers,-not particularly illustrious themselves for a delight in hard labour,―to teach us to 'sweep all who will not work into the dust-bin."" All Buttermere is attracted to London by the Great Exhibition-all but Mr. Sandboys, who hates novelty and is afraid of London wickedness, and his wife, who hates the far-renowned 'London dirt.' No; they won't go. But what is their fate? Alas! everybody being gone, how shall they live? The grocer, the smith, the inn-keepers, the butcher, the brewer,all are gone. In this predicament, Mr. Sandboys, after many dreadful misfortunes, is obliged to start for London to avoid being starved in Cumberland! "The British Metropolis in 1851." A little guide book to London, on a very novel and useful plan, the idea of which is good, and the execution most creditable. The author appears to have taken great interest in his subject, and we congratulate him on the result of his labours. Still there are some errors which it would be well to correct in a future edition; we are told that Box Hill is beyond Hampton Court instead of near Dorking, the fine new Greek church in London Wall is not noticed at all, although perhaps, for its size, the most expensive church of modern London. Still these errors are the exception, and the fact of our finding but them in the course of our reading, shows that the author is minutely accurate, and to be depended upon. Elementary Anatomy and Physiology, for Schools and Private Instruction." By W. Lovett. We are sorry that we have not found an earlier opportunity of noticing this valuable addition to our daily increasing stock of school-books. Having glanced through its contents, we can safely affirm that the teacher will find it an excellent and useful elementary book for conveying instruction upon subjects which ought not to be wholly lost sight of in The whole party set off, father, mother, two any scheme of education. The nature of the work children, two servants, and twenty-three packages of and the author's object in its publication are, howluggage. Arrived at Workington, they get into the ever, so fully and clearly stated in the opening wrong train, go to Holborn Hill in Cumberland in- sentences of the preface, that we prefer giving Mr. stead of the Holborn Hill on whose proud summit Lovett's own words to any further remarks of our stands the "Bull and Mouth," and their twenty-three own. "This little work," he observes, "may be said packages go on to London. The next mistake is that to have had its origin in the efforts I have been the whole party are carried asleep to Edinburgh, and making, for some time past, to impart to children when they are at last en route for London, (what a some knowledge of their own physical, mental, and Babel it will be two months hence!) a pretended moral nature; believing it to be an essential and "detective," who kindly offers to put the Sandboys on important branch of youthful education. his guard against thieves, robs him, not only of all his pursuit of my object I have had to glean my incash, but of his railway tickets! Taken before a formation from many sources, and to simplify and magistrate, the astounded and humiliated Sandboys condense it, and to give it in such a form as I thought finds a friend in the police inspector, and supplied with might be best comprehended and appreciated by those a loan, starts again for town. On his arrival, the Bull I sought to instruct. And, having to some little and Mouth, of course, is full. Sandboys, utterly be- extent succeeded, I have thought it might aid others, wildered, is recommended to the house of Mrs. Foke- engaged in the great work of education, if I printed sell, who has one apartment to let at five shillings a-what I have taught in a lesson form; accompanied night-it is the cellar, from the rough vaulted roof of which is suspended a hammock, and with that "thing" the verdant Sandboys are obliged to be content. And now, reader, if you want to know how many times they tried to get into the "thing," how many times they came out of it in the most surprising manner, what finally befel them, and fell on them;-if you want to know these things, and they are of great importance to you, (as of course, you are going to town)-then you must get this amusing book, and if In the by drawings of the diagrams I used, together with an outline of the method I adopted, and still pursue, in teaching this kind of knowledge to several classes of both sexes, weekly." It remains for us to state that the diagrams are remarkably well drawn and coloured; that the subject-matter of the volume is admirably arranged and classified, and that the style throughout is lucid, clear, and easy of comprehension. SCRAPS. "I FIND that our ancestors used for Lord the name of Laford, which, (as it should seem,) from some aspiration in the pronouncing, they wrote Illaford and Illafurd. Afterward it grew to be written Loverd, and by receiving like abridgment as other our ancient appellations have done, it is in one syllable become Lord. To deliver, therefore, the true etymology, the reader shall understand that, albeit we have our name of bread from breod, as our ancestors were wont to call it, yet used they also, and that most commonly, to call bread by the name of Illaf, from whence we now only retain the name of the form or fashion wherein bread is usually made, calling it a loaf; whereas loaf, coming of Illaf or Laf, is rightly also bread itself, and was not of our ancestors taken for the form only; that such as were endued with great wealth and means above others, were chiefly renowned (especially in these northern regions) for their housekeeping and good hospitality; that is, for being able, and using to feed and sustain many men, and therefore were they particularly honoured with the name and title of Illaford, which is as much as to say, as an afforder of laf, that is, a bread- giver, intending (as it seemeth) by bread, the sustenance of man, that being the substance of our food the most agreeable to nature, and that which in our daily prayers we especially desire at the hands of God. The name and title of Lady was anciently written Illeafdianor Leafdian, from whence it came to be Lafdy, and lastly Lady. I have showed here last before how illaf or laf was sometime our name of bread, as also the reason why our noble and principal men came to be honoured in the name of Laford, which now is Lord, and even the like in correspondence of reason must appear in this Leafdian, the feminine of Laford; the first syllable whereof being anciently written Illeaf, and not Illaf, must not, therefore, alienate it from the like nature and sense, for that only seemeth to have been the feminine sound, and we see that of Leafdian we have not retained leady, but lady. Well, then, both Illaf and Illeaf we must here understand to signify one thing which is bread; Dian is as much to say as serve; and so is Leafdian a bread-server : whereby it appeareth that as the Laford did allow food and sustenance, so the Leafdian did see it served and disposed to the guests. And our ancient and yet-continued custom, that our ladies and gentlewomen do use to carve and serve their guests at the table, which in other countries is altogether strange and unusual, doth for proof hereof well accord and correspond with this our ancient and honourable feminine appellation." VERSTEGAN. which was just then vacant. The king ordered him to be admitted, and bid the earl personate himself. The gentleman addressed himself accordingly, enumerated his services to the royal family, and hoped the grant of the place would not be deemed too great a reward. "By no means," replied the earl, “and I am only sorry that as soon as I heard of the vacancy I conferred it on my faithful friend the Earl of St. Alban's, (pointing to the king,) who has constantly followed the fortunes of my father and myself, and has hitherto gone unrewarded; but when anything of this kind happens again worthy of your acceptance, pray let me see you." The gentleman withdrew; the king smiled at the jest, and confirmed the grant to the earl.Addison's Anecdotes. NEGRO WIT. in Malden, Massachusetts, had a slave who had been THERE is a tradition that one of the old esquires in the family until he was about seventy years of age old man, the esquire took him one day and made him a Perceiving that there was not much work left for the somewhat pompous address, to the following effect: "You have been a faithful servant to me, and my father before me. should do to reward you for your services. I give I have long been thinking what I you your freedom. You are your own master; yo are your own man." Upon this the old negro shook he saw through his master's intention, quickly replied, his grisly head, and with a sly glance, showing that "No, no, massa; you eat de meat, and now you must pick de bone." "PROPER words in proper places make the true definition of a style."-Swift. AN EXTRAORDINARY ALTAR-PIECE. "OVER a Popish altar at Worms," says Burnet, "there is a picture one would think invented to ridicule transubstantiation. There is a windmill, and the Virgin Mary throws Christ into the hopper, and he comes out at the eye of the mill all in wafers, which a priest takes up to give to the people."—Cunningham's Life of Hogarth. .. ALL FLESH IS GRASS." BISHOP Hughes, in a sermon to his parishioners. repeated the quotation that "all flesh is grass." The season was Lent, and a few days afterwards he en countered Terence O'Collins, who appeared to have something on his mind. "The top of the mornin' to your riverence," said Terence, "did I fairly understand your riverence to say all flesh is grass,' last Sunday?" "To be sure you did," replied the Bishop, THE Earl of St. Alban's, Secretary to Queen Hen-"and you're a heretic if you doubt it." "Oh! divil rietta Maria during all her misfortunes, found himself at the Restoration but in an indifferent condition. Being one day with Charles II. when all distinctions were laid aside, a stranger came with an importunate suit for an employment of great value the bit do I doubt anything your riverence says," sai the wily Terence; "but if your riverence plazes, I wish to know whether in this Lent time I could not be afther having a small piece of bafe by way of a salad ?" SKETCHES AND ANECDOTES OF WORTHIES OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH. ROBERT SOUTH. We think that most of our readers will admit that the biographies hitherto included in our sketches of English divines have presented portraitures of human character as nearly faultless-as free from human frailty and infirmity-as they might reasonably hope to meet with. The meek and patient Hooker-the pure-minded and charitable Taylor-the honest and high-minded Barrow, belong emphatically to that select class or category of mortals who have been placed by the suffrage of intelligent and truthful men of all parties, in a position far beyond the reach of vulgar praise or censure. The subject of our present sketch-the witty and satirical Dr. South, has left behind him a reputation of a somewhat different kind. Inferior in learning and ability to neither of the great ornaments of the English Church, on whose lives we have commented, and endowed with a wonderful faculty of vigorous and searching eloquence, he was nevertheless, as his writings prove, a man of intolerant disposition, a sincere and unselfish, but vehement and angry partisan, a thorough "good hater" of the practices and tenets of his opponents, and one who occasionally lacked the charity and discretion, as well as the decorousness of language and demeanour, which should distinguish the conduct of the Christian minister. Dr. Robert South was born in the year 1633. His birth-place was the pleasant suburban village of Hackney; a quiet sequestered village then, for many miles of cultivated fields and verdant pastures I lay between it and the great metropolis. His father was a prosperous merchant of London; his mother a woman of good family, from the county of Kent, whose maiden name was Berry. In childhood and early boyhood, South was distinguished for quickness and intellectual precocity. Having passed very creditably through a course of preparatory in struction, at the age of fourteen he was sent to Westminster school, as a King's Scholar. This famous seminary was at that time under the dictatorship of the renowned Busby; the sturdy disciplinarian who walked with covered head amongst his boys, even before a royal visitor, solemnly assuring his Majesty afterwards, in explanation of his conduct, that it was necessary to preserve his dignity before his scholars, and to appear the greatest man, even though a king were present. Although his presence inspired immoderate awe in the little kingdom over which he held despotic sway, this distinguished pedagogue is represented to have been a man of mean and insignificant appearance, and in height, considerably below the middle stature. A tall Irishman, it is said, once addressed him in a coffee-house, in the following words: "Will you allow me, Giant, to pass on to my seat?" Certainly, Pigmy, was the reply." "I alluded, sir," said the Celt, "to the vastness of your intellect." " VOL. XIV. "And I," retorted Busby, "to the size of yours." As a schoolmaster, there is no doubt that Busby united considerable tact in tuition, with great learning. But woe to the unlucky wight who possessed but a moderate amount of brains, or neglected his tasks whilst under his control! The Westminster pedagogue boasted of the efficacy of flagellation, and rarely erred upon the side of mercy. Under his successful but not very benignant sway, the school furnished an abundance of good scholars, and he invariably spoke of his rod, as the sieve to prove them. At Westminster, whilst yet a mere youth, South distinguished himself by an act of courageous and uncompromising loyalty, which, young as he was, might have involved him in some trouble. On the 30th of January, 1649, (the day appointed for the execution of King Charles I.) being reader of the Latin prayers that morning, he publicly, and to the surprise and consternation of his auditors, prayed for the king by name, "but an hour or two at most before his sacred head was struck off." This was the first public indication which he had an opportunity of giving of the fervent spirit of loyalty which animated him through life. We may believe that that spirit was nurtured or strengthened in a great degree, by the associations he formed at Westminster; for in a sermon "prepared for delivery at a solemn meeting of his school-fellows in the Abbey," he thus commemorated in after life the loyal character of that seminary. "Westminster is a school which neither disposes men to division in church, nor sedition in state-a school so untaintedly loyal, that I can truly and knowingly aver that, in the worst of times, (in which it was my lot to be a member of it,) we really were King's Scholars, as well as called so. And this loyal genius always continued among us, and grew up with us, which made that noted Coryphæus, Dr. J. Owen, often say, 'that it would never be well with the nation, until this school was suppressed." "1 In 1651, having been elected a student of Christ Church, South proceeded to Oxford. His great attainments and undoubted ability soon brought him into notice at the university, and in the year 1655 he published a copy of Latin verses, the subject of which was, oddly enough, a panegyric on Oliver Cromwell, on the occasion of his concluding a peace with the Dutch. As this poem, however, was a mere college exercise, upon a subject proposed by the university magnates, it cannot be regarded as any declaration of South's political feelings, nor would it be fair to look upon it in that light. It was nevertheless afterwards triumphantly referred to by his opponents, (when smarting under his vigorous and relentless raillery,) as a proof that he was himself at this period of his life a waverer and trimmer in political matters. It is very clear that the compliment paid to Cromwell in verse, was never repeated by South in prose. A much more genuine expression of his opinion of the Protector (1) "Memorials of Westminster," by the Rev. M. Walcot. 1849. K credit among tradesmen: it keeps business up, and maintains the correspondence; and we pay not so much out of a principle that we ought to discharge our debts, as to secure ourselves a place to be trusted another time." will be found in a sermon which he preached in | cutting severity, "Gratitude among friends is like Westminster Abbey in the year 1684. Nothing can be racier than the contemptuous bitterness with which he there speaks of the man whom he had been constrained to eulogize at college, and we feel little doubt that the sentiments so earnestly and characteristically expressed, were those which he entertained in his earlier as well as his maturer manhood. Notwithstanding the opposition of Owen, South obtained his degree in 1657, and was ordained in the "For who," he says, "that should view the small following year. The discouraging aspect of the despicable beginnings of some things and persons at first, times did not prevent him from at once commencing could imagine or prognosticate those vast and stupen- his ministrations, and with a spirit of zeal and dous increases of fortune that have afterwards followed intrepidity unparalleled at that period, he plunged them? Who, that had looked upon Agathocles first into a series of attacks on the Puritans. On the handling the clay, and making pots under his father, 24th of July, 1659, (the year before the Restoration,) and afterwards turning robber, could have thought he preached an Assize Sermon at Oxford, entitled, that from such a condition he should come to be king "Interest deposed and Truth restored, or a word of Sicily? Who that had seen Masaniello a poor in season," which he afterwards published with a fisherman, with his red cap and his angle, could have dedication to "The Right Worshipful Edward Atkins, reckoned it possible to see such a pitiful thing, with- formerly one of the Justices of the Common Pleas." in a week after, shining in his cloth of gold, and with In this dedication he describes one object of his a word or a nod absolutely commanding the whole city discourse to be the "defence of the ministry, and of Naples? And who that had beheld such a bankrupt, that at such a time," he continues, "when none beggarly fellow as Cromwell, first entering the parlia-owned them upon the bench, . . . but when, on the ment house with a threadbare, torn cloak, and a greasy hat, (and perhaps neither of them paid for,) could have suspected that in the space of so few years he should, by the murder of one king, and the banishment of another, ascend the throne, be invested in the royal robes, and want nothing of the state of a king, but the changing of his hat into a crown? It has been stated that this singular piece of pulpit rhetoric was delivered in the presence of King Charles II., who was so tickled by the humorous description of Cromwell's first appearance in Parliament, that he burst into an uncontrollable fit of laughter, and turning to Rochester said, "Ods fish, Lory, your chaplain must be a bishop; therefore put me in mind of him at the next death." But, to return to South's college career, we find that at this inauspicious period he gave many proofs of his steady attachment to the ritual and liturgy of the Church of England, which are in themselves perfectly inconsistent with the notion that he had in the slightest degree swerved from the loyal prinIciples in which he had been educated. His open observance of the proscribed forms of worship more than once drew down upon him the censure of his superiors, and Dr. John Owen, then Vice-Chancellor of the University, (the "noted Coryphæus" before alluded to,) who, having himself been regularly ordained, had afterwards joined the Presbyterian party, went so far as to oppose, and that most vehemently, his obtaining his Master of Arts degree. Hearing that South was constantly in the habit of worshipping according to the liturgy, he sent for him, and menaced him with expulsion from the University, if he persisted in the practice, observing that "he could do no less in gratitude to his Highness the Protector, and his other friends, who had thought him worthy of the dignities he then stood possessed of." To this speech South is stated to have replied with contrary, we lived to hear one, in the very face of the University, (as it were in defiance of us and our profession,) openly, in his charge, defend the Quakers and fanatics, persons not fit to be named in such courts, but in an indictment!" The language of the sermon, and the topics introduced into it, tend to give us a high opinion of the preacher's courage and ability. Every passage appears skilfully framed to irritate the dominant party, and to provoke their bitterest animosity. The selfishness, pride, and bypocrisy of the pretenders to over-godliness were ridiculed and exposed with singular force and animation, and in a tone of the most perfect fearlessness. Having regard to the peculiar circumstances of the period, who will not admire the vigour of the following assault? "Many, while they have preached Christ in their sermons," observed the intrepid churchman, “have read a lecture of atheism in their practice. We have many here who speak of godliness, mortification, and self denial; but if these are so, what means the bleating of the sheep, and the lowing of the oxer, the noise of their ordinary sins, and the ery of their great ones? If godly, why do they wallow and steep in all the carnalities of the world, under pretence of Christian liberty? Why do they make religion ridiculous hy pretending to propheey; and when their prophecies prove delusions, why do they blaspheme? If such are self-deniers, what means the griping, the prejudice, the covetousness, and the pluralities preached against, and retained, and the arbitrary government of many? When such men (1) Alluding to the conduct of an Independent divine, who, when Cromwell was seized with the sickness of which he died. declared that God had revealed to him that the Protector weld him up for a work which could not be done in less time;" but recover and live thirty years longer, "for that God had raised Oliver's death being published two days afterwards, the same divine publicly expostulated with God in prayer, exclaiming | "Lord, thou hast lied unto us; yea, thou hast lied." |