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MRS. COMPTON READE'S NOVEL.

Now ready, at every Library, in 3 vols. crown 8vo. ROSE AND RUE.

SCOTSMAN.

"A better written novel we have not read for a long time, or one more enjoyable-at least, to readers who relish the minute analysis and powerful delineation of the working of human passions and emotions. Mrs. Reade has, in fact, discovered and illustrated the truth of the maxim that the triumph of art is to conceal that it is art. Her style, too, is singularly easy and graceful. The highest tribute of praise, perhaps, that can be easily paid to the book and the writer is to say, that with few characters, and not many incidents, it is, nevertheless, a novel of surpassing interest and unquestionable originality."

QUEEN.

"Mrs. Compton Reade's story, though resting on a plot of singular simplicity, will be found to be as replete with stirring interest as with genuine humour and artistic merit. Not only are the characters well conceived, but, both in dialogue and action, they preserve their consistency throughout the narrative. The central figure, Tryphena, a farmer's daughter, is so exquisitely idealized that she might be fairly defined as a spirituelle lady, who cannot spell, and who is ignorant of etiquette. A more beautiful picture of pure girlhood it were difficult to imagine. Then, in happy contrast with her natural refinement, we have a bluff serving-maid, one Martha Tapp. On a par with Martha Tapp, in regard to acerbity of tongue, is Aunt Rachel, whose affections are centred on one Acts Latchet, the Methodist minister, who in turn indulges in a bootless affection for Tryphena. The character of this talented hypocrite, who can wring tears from the eyes of his audience while his heart swells with baseness, is drawn with surprising power. The strange complexity of his moral organization forms a study in itself. Rose and Rue' is a book which, from a literary point of view, has not been surpassed by any one novel of the present season."

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"An old favourite under a new name is here presented in Mrs. Compton Reade's charming pastoral novel, which lately appeared under the title of By Secret Ways,' in the pages of the Mirror. Aunt Rachel Her odd may justly rank with the Mrs. Poyser of George Eliot. epigrammatic sayings, original remarks, and determined resistance to In the the tyranny of Jacob Fowke, are admirably portrayed. mechanism of her book Mrs. Reade is peculiarly happy, every seemingly trivial circumstance tending towards the catastrophe. The plot of Rose and Rue' is well sustained throughout, and the interest never flags for a single page.” HOUR.

"On the single ground of being wholly unlike anything which has been written before, Rose and Rue' may fairly ask an audience of the reading public. Whatever else Mrs. Compton Reade may be, she shows herself from first to last gifted with marked originality, both as regards conception and construction. The book also abounds in smart conversation. We must not, however, convey the impression that Rose and Rue'is made up of quick repartee or brilliant dialogue only. On the contrary, if the lights are vivid, the shadows are proportionately deep. The suffering of Tryphens, who battles nobly for her love, the varied emotion of Aunt Rachel, the vile passion of the Methodist preacher, and the grim cruelty of Jacob (which culminates in insanity), all are written with nerve and pathos, whilst the authoress never once descends from a uniformly high level of excellence."

GRAPHIC.

"In Mrs. Compton Reade's able and vigorous novel we are indeed transported to fresh woods and pastures new,' in being introduced to life in a Dorsetshire farmhouse more than half a century ago. This novel is in itself a great attraction, though if Mrs. Reade can paint other scenes and characters as well as she has the gentle and dreamy Tryphena Fowke, the wicked and brutal old farmer, her father, and crusty and despotic, though really good-hearted, Aunt Rachel, to say nothing of the Rev. Acts Latchet, the Methodist Pastor,' and Martha Tapp, we shall always be glad to meet her, whithersoever she chooses to carry us."

всно.

"Written in brisk epigrammatic style, with a great deal of bold colour, with not a single dull page, and scarcely a dull sentence, 'Rose and Rue' is worthy of high praise, and shoots a long way above the plain of mediocrity."

OBSERVER.

"We are here carried quite off the beaten track of works of fiction, and the change is welcome and refreshing. Nor does; Rose and Rue,' deserve praise only on the ground of novelty of design. The story is interesting and well told, and the characters individual and alive. The descriptive touches also scattered here and there throughout the story are unusually felicitous. We can cordially congratulate Mrs. Compton Reade on the production of a work which, in its way, and as far as it goes, leaves very little to be desired; and ourselves, and the novelreading world generally, on having made acquaintance with a clever and artistic writer, whom, if she will continue to do justice to the gifts she unquestionably possesses, it will give us pleasure to meet often in the future."

STANDARD.

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ACADEMY.

"The great merits of Rose and Rue' are the continual flow of natural humour and sympathy with the lives of the rural poor. These qualities are so eminent as to suggest comparison with the highest of contemporary novelists. The characters are very carefully and consistently drawn. Even the consumptive girl and the idiot boy of fiction are made new things. The squalor of their sad lives is more prominent than the poetry; and Clara is more real and touching than the poor stagey May Queen.' The very animals in the book are worthy of M. Rivière, and the death of Beauty is as touching as that of any hound since the fate of death came upon Argus' in the courtyard of Odysseus, Laertes' son. Our gratitude to Mrs. Compton Reade is of the kind which looks for even greater favours to come, and we hope that her next novel may be not unlike her first."

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LITERATURE

BELFAST.

Programme of the British Association.

In its way, there are few, if any, more beautiful things in this beautiful world than the run, by sea, from Belfast to Greenock. There is, perhaps, only one excursion to equal it, and that is the run from Greenock to Belfast. That this should be one of the routes to or from the northern metropolis of Ireland, is a matter to be impressed on all members of the British Association who are about to repair to Ireland, and between whose homes and whose trysting-place "roll the dark waters of Eire's deep seas."

not the tenants, no such matters as tenants or tenures existed till English law made both) were the slaves of the chiefs, they held nothing but what the chiefs chose to leave them. Belfast Lough had then no fleets of merchant vessels on its waters. The huts at the mouth of the Lagan were inhabited by a few fishermen, and the hunter traversed the woods or plains, on which has sprung up and grown into beauty and usefulness that city which is the just pride of the North, which is sometimes called second to Dublin, but which is far a-head of the chief capital in many respects. The Lagan is not like the Liffey. It is not the common sewer of the city. It does not spread disease and death as it slowly flows and greatly stinks. A stranger in Dublin is as certain to get the Liffey fever, if he tarry near the banks of the river, as a stranger tarrying in the Roman marshes is sure to be stricken, more or less severely, with the "Roman fever."

The sand-bank which was once formed at the mouth of the Lagan, by the river stream meeting the ocean tide, no longer exists. It Any one interested in the subject may learn gave to the now flourishing city the name with ease, pleasure, and profit, what Ulster which it still bears. Belfast is a modern was in the early part of the seventeenth cenadaptation of Bel-feirsde, or ford of the farset, tury, what it became as that century proor sand-bank. Mr. Joyce, in his 'Irish Names gressed, and how it became so, by reading of Places,' says "the term is pretty common, Mr. Brewer's historical Introduction to the especially in the West, where these farsets are edition (edited by himself and Mr. Bullen) of of considerable importance, as in many places the Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, prethey serve the inhabitants instead of bridges." served in the Archiepiscopal Library at LamThe name, in a form slightly modified from beth.' Mr. Brewer traces the prosperity of the original, Belfarsad, occurs in Mayo. Ulster to the fixed determination of the Eng"There is now a bridge," says Mr. Joyce, lish Government to protect the people from "over the old sand-bank that gave name to the oppressions of their chiefs, after these had the village of Farsid, near Aghada, or Cork submitted to English law, accepted titles, and, harbour. The origin of this name is quite with new distinctions, fancied they could exerforgotten, and the people call it Farside, and cise their old tyrannous absolutism. Ulster interpret it as an English word; but the name itself scarcely thanked the English Government of the adjacent town, Ballynafarsid (Town of for its intended beneficence. "Never did the Sand-Bank), proves, if proof were neces- any country," says Mr. Brewer, "more obsary, that it took its name from a farset." stinately resist every measure from which it Farsetmore, or the Great Sand-Bank, is the now dates its wealth, order, and industrial name of a place on the Swilly, near Letter-progress, or adhere more tenaciously to its kenny, where such a bank once existed. original and primitive misrule." He adds, in a note: "The tenure of land in Ireland, of which, properly speaking, there is no trace to be found among the native Irish, was introduced from England, and subjected precisely to the same conditions as here." And thence Ulster flourished.

One of the most familiar examples of the readiness with which an English interpretation is given to an old Irish name offers itself in Rings-end, Dublin. Local guides will tell you it denotes the spot where the last of the row of piles stood with their mooring rings for shipping to make fast to; whereas the name is Irish, "Rin Ann," or the Point of the Tide, exactly denoting a fact. Many other examples might be cited. Returning to the name Belfast, we perceive that in Murray's HandBook it is said that "a fort is known to have existed at Beula-Fearsad,' the Mouth of the Ford, in 1178." Between this interpretation and that given by Joyce our readers may safely be left to choose for themselves. At this Mouth of the Ford, or whatever else be the meaning of the old Írish name, there was, according to tradition, that sort of liveliness which results from much fighting between contending chiefs. In these fights nobody suffered so much as the people; and no class of Irish people suffered so much and so long as the people of Ulster, who were the last to be brought under English law, and who resisted to be so brought till resistance was utterly useless.

For this reason it is that Belfast, like so many other places in Ulster, belongs comparatively to modern history. In the olden time, when the occupiers of land (they were

And, therefore, also Belfast prospered. If the province really owes something to a Government, its superb capital owes a great deal to one man, and that man was Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy during a part of James's reign, who had his home for a time at Carrickfergus, and who (so to speak) helped Belfast to proudly rise and gloriously establish itself on the river and the lough. Chichester is sometimes alluded to as a sort of Nobody; whereas he was a gentleman of ancient blood, a brave soldier, who never despaired, and a fair scholar, for his times and opportunities. He quartered the arms of some of the noblest and most ancient families in the West of England. When James sent him a Knight to Ireland, as Lord Deputy, he sent the second son of that wise old Sir John Chichester, who, more than half a century before, had been a High Sheriff of Devonshire in the reign of Mary, and, subsequently, in that of Elizabeth. Sir Arthur was the first Lord Deputy who sent Justices of Assize into Connaught. He not only established this circuit, but he revived what was thought defiant of revivifi- |

This

cation, the old circuit of Munster. These circuits, once confined to the English Pale, soon extended over the whole kingdom. was done with such effect, we are told, that in Chichester's days, "there were not found in all the Irish counties so many capital offenders as in the six shires of the western circuit in England." Sir Arthur fairly earned, by his service as a soldier and as a statesman, all the rewards and honours heaped upon him. He received large grants of lands in Ulster; he was raised to the Irish peerage as Baron Chichester of Belfast; and it was during his Deputyship that the Harp of Ireland was first marshalled with the arms of England. For many years Lord Chichester was a resident, and his mansion of Joymount, at Carrickfergus, was a home of splendour and hospitality, and a centre of prosperity as regarded the trade, labour, and industry of the district. Later in life Lord Chichester was in the Palatinate, where he bearded the ferocious Tilly, and sustained the honour of his country. This almost founder of Belfast died in London, in 1624. The present Chichesters are not his lineal descendants, as the fine old "Lord of Joymount" died childless.

The first Arthur Chichester was not the only one who made those names illustrious in by-gone days. His brother, Sir Edward, succeeded to his vast wealth, and was thought worthy of being raised, therefore, to the dignity of Viscount Chichester of Carrickfergus. It was the Viscount's son, Arthur, who was the renowned Col. Chichester, and whose services, military and civil, in Ireland were rewarded by his elevation to the rank of Earl of Donegal. Dublin remembers him for other than martial services. When he was Governor of Carrickfergus, he founded (1668) a mathematical lectureship in the metropolitan University. Of the four Earls Arthur who succeeded, the most distinguished was he who gloriously fell at Fort Montjuich, in 1706; and the luckiest was the Earl who was made a British Baron Fisherwick, in 1790, and, in the following year, Marquis of Donegal in the Irish peerage. His descendant now inherits his titles, and this heir can hardly say that the family motto is applicable to his ancestor, "Invitum sequitur honor."

Be this as it may, the name of Chichester, though it be not so romantic or sentimental as that of Tyrconnel or Tyrone, of O'Neil or of O'Donnel, is an honourable name in the annals of this part of Ireland. That Belfast does not owe all its prosperous circumstance of the present day to the Arthur Chichesters. of the olden time is quite true. Belfast, says an anonymous modern writer, "is a city of essentially modern growth and appearance, and, as such, will surprise and please the traveller who visits it after any lengthened experience of Irish towns, on account of its spacious and well-arranged streets and squares, its general cleanliness and good order, and the beautiful examples of decorative architecture displayed so largely in its public buildings. Belfast appears to owe these advantages, in a great degree, to the fact that it is presided over and inhabited by a race which unites the Scottish thrift and decorum with the Irish impulsiveness and kindliness." us not omit to add that Belfast is so sheltered by its lofty chain of hills as to make it a fitting place of sojourn for invalids. The tempera

Let

ture, it is said, is only one degree below that of Torquay.

The "Englishman" who walked round Ireland in 1865, beginning at Belfast and ending there, in about a couple of months, completed his tour of the Emerald Isle with less personal danger than he would have encountered by daily crossing, for the same length of time, the perilous road between the Bank and the Mansion House. To what class of travellers he belonged may be learned from the fact that, among his first chronicling of small beer, he complains that the glass on his toilet-table would swing round with its reflecting surface away from him, that his first potato in Ireland was hard-boiled, and that his egg was not what eggs and Cæsar's wife should always be, namely, above suspicion. However, the city was worthy of praise, and the citizens. what citizens naturally would be, namely, civil, But it rained when he arrived and when he left, and it was raining when he returned at the end of two months. His surprise was great, but not quite so great as that of the French traveller, who, returning to Pisa, remarked, "What a dog of a country! It was raining when I left Pisa twenty years ago, and it is raining still. Dog of a country, go!" Few travellers, we believe, depart from Belfast with any feeling of dissatisfaction. They may say of most things there, as heralds say of the various divisions in the city shield of arms, "all proper." And, in a measure, "all prosperous," too. A century ago there were but four hundred looms at work in Belfast; now, in the linen and cotton factories, the spindles are reckoned, like the Arabian "Thousand and One," applied to objects difficult to enumerate, by "millions." It is said that upwards of a hundred thousand a year is spent in the ornamental wrappers in which linen goods are despatched to their several destinations. Belfast deals with the whole world. Tribute to her industry is paid at the Antipodes. It is hard to say what this flourishing and beautiful city does not produce; not easy to discern at what loftiest objects her wise and energetic citizens do not aim. Linens, lawns, diapers, damasks, drills, cambrics, machinery, steamengines, the factories and foundries of Belfast are for ever busy in furnishing the above, and hundreds of other objects of ornament or use. From Belfast started the idea, and in Belfast has been realized the fact, that it would be more profitable to raise flax at home than purchase it from abroad at a cost of several millions sterling. As the Roman lady saw her brightest jewels in her children, so Belfast may glory in her flax-mills as the proudest ornaments of the district. A mill, employing directly and indirectly 25,000 persons, is a sight in itself; but it is only one of many to be witnessed in Belfast. Her influence extends practically and profitably over the whole province of Ulster. With commerce and manufactures, Belfast has cultivated art and learning, and, with its factories, shipping, schools, and colleges, it wears an air of the most satisfactory industry, progress, prosperity, and order.

party to madness. Thence came fierce fighting, destruction of houses and property, and loss of limb or life. These factions seemed to despise all restraint of law; but a little, simple, home-made legislation succeeded in binding both sides to good behaviour. Party processions were prohibited, and the law now stands, as it was described the other night, in one of the debates at the close of the session, when Mr. Macartney remarked, according to the newspaper reports, "that the only persons who had any reason to be afraid of the law were those who were anxious to break it. There was in existence a law in Belfast under which he, for walking into Belfast and saying he was a Protestant, might be fined forty shillings and costs, and an hon. gentleman opposite, for saying anything about the Pope or King William, might be mulcted in a similar fine. That was a local law passed for the purpose of preventing party riots, and he was not aware that any respectable inhabitant of Belfast had ever complained of the existence of that law, because experience had shown it to be a useful and salutary one. It was necessary sometimes to submit to harsh laws for the general good."

Nowhere, however, in Ireland has religious party feeling raged with greater violence or to more mortal issue than in Belfast. A popular holiday once meant a day in which the brutes and bigots of one party would exasperate the brutes and bigots of the opposite

Old-world customs were established in and about Belfast with the old-world people, and they lingered as long there as they did anywhere. One of the last to die out was the Easter Monday revel at Cave Hill. Out of the revel generally grew riot, and out of riot bloodshed. The revel itself was in consequence of an earlier religious observance; just as the folly and fashion of Longchamp were the product of antiquated pilgrimages. At Cave Hill there would have been little to object to in the dancing, jumping, running, and climbing the rugged rocks, but for "the drink, the drink, dear Hamlet.” This accursed thing had often mortal issue, but this was not more thought of than the murderous fights of Donnybrook. Both belong to the past; but, when the Belfast Easter Monday was in full swing, the holiday of the whole year, the Belfast Theatre had a stock-piece in honour of the season, 'The Humours of the Cave Hill.' The holiday without that drama would have been like an old Christmas Boxing-night in London without 'George Barnwell' at both the patent theatres.

Literature and the Drama in Belfast do not rest for renown solely on the pieces which illustrated the morals and customs of the Cave Hill revelries. Seventy-one years have elapsed this very week since a young actor made his first appearance on the stage of Belfast, and that actor is yet surviving amongst us! We allude to the "Young Roscius," Master Betty, of Shrewsbury, who, happening to see (in 1801) Mrs. Siddons play Elvira, in 'Pizarro,' at the Belfast Theatre, made known to his family his intention of "dying if he was not allowed to become an actor." He was then ten years old, a boy with a will and decision of character, to whose desire his parents yielded consent, and, after honouring their son in his wishes, his days have been long in the land. In his twelfth year, he made his first appearance on any stage, at Belfast, on the 11th of August, 1803, as Osmyn, in 'Zara.' The Irish manager, Atkins, watched the new player, and pronounced him to be "an infant Garrick." Master Betty's other characters in the northern Irish capital

were Douglas, Rolla, and Romeo. After which, passing triumphantly over the boards of various cities in Ireland, Scotland and England, he appeared, in December, 1804, at Covent Garden, as Selim, in 'Barbarossa,' upon which all London went suddenly mad, and kept up the frenzy long enough to help Master Betty to the fortune which Mr. Betty still enjoys!

It is only readers who are "well-up" in theatrical history who are aware of the fact that Mrs. Siddons and Edmund Kean once played together in the same piece. This, one of the old glories of the Irish stage, occurred at Belfast, two or three years after Master Betty had flashed his boyish promise there of becoming a Garrick. Edmund Kean was

about nineteen years of age when, in the course of his wanderings, he played at Belfast Osmyn and young Norval to the Zara and Lady Randolph of the majestic Sarah. In the first part Edmund was slightly imperfect, and the Siddons shook her august head at the apparent cause a cause which often marred the genius of the last great master of his art in later days. Sarah's judgment of the young fellow at Belfast has come down through the chroniclers to the present times. "He plays well, very well," said the Siddons, "but there is too little of him ever to make a great actor." And yet this lad at Belfast was destined to overthrow the Kemble school of tragedy to its very foundations.

But

There is one person, connected with Belfast, in whom Literature and the Drama are both illustrated, namely, Sheridan Knowles. Knowles was a native of Cork, had the Sheridan blood in him, and was both player and poet for years-player, part of the time, in the strolling company of which Kean was a memberbefore he achieved celebrity. He lived the hard life of wandering players, and, as a luxury and a rest, Knowles turned schoolmaster at Belfast, with his father for an assistant. the Belfast stage was an obstacle to the success of the Belfast school. The smell of the lamps drew the schoolmaster from his classes, and the drama which Knowles wrote and produced there-Brian Boromh'-made the Belfast citizens hope that a genius was amongst them; and, let us add, that the noble tragedy of Caius Gracchus,' acted on the Belfast stage in 1815, converted the hope into a reality. This tragedy did not find its way to London till 1823. In November of that year, Macready brought it out at Drury Lane, playing the principal character. If it did not succeed so enthusiastically as at Belfast, eight years before, there is this to be said for it, that the Licenser only gave his permission for the tragedy to be acted on condition that some too political passages should be omitted. It was like taking the sting out of the tail of an epigram.

The subject of Belfast Literature cannot be passed over without noticing that in the first three-quarters of the last century the printingpresses of Blow, and next of Magee, ranked among the best in the three kingdoms. Blow was, perhaps, not the first who in Ireland printed the Bible in English (after English Bibles were sent for sale across the Irish sea from Holland as well as England), but he printed an excellent edition of it, and his enemies accused him (falsely) of printing, for "sin no more,' "sin on more." It was very carefully printed,