Fuller's next preferment was in 1634, the Rectory of Broadwindsor, a village between Bridport and Lyme Regis, to which he was likewise presented by the Bishop, his uncle, and where, it would appear, he was supremely happy. Shortly after his settling there, he went to the University and took his B.D. degree, "with general applause and commendation," and gave a feast in honour of the occasion, which put him to great expense. He now took to himself a wife; but who she was, strange to say, none of his biographers, not even Mr. Bailey himself, has been able to inform us, further than that her Christian name was Ellen. It is not even certainly known in what year he was married, probably in 1638. Our own impression is that she was of inferior origin; as otherwise Fuller, who was fond of mentioning family ties, and connecting himself in some way or other with remarkable persons, and gossiping about them, would have mentioned something about her family. They appear, however, to have lived happily together, which, after all, is the principal thing. In his country rectory, married to the wife of his choice, in easy circumstances, and with leisure at his command, young, handsome, learned, and esteemed by all who knew him, Fuller devoted himself to literature. Here he produced his 'Historie of the Holy Warre,' published at Cambridge in 1639. This was his first great work, and it at once assured him popularity. It was a history of the Crusades in five books, the first four of which he summarizes as follows:"Thus, after an hundred ninety and four years ended the Holy War; for continuance the longest, for money spent the costliest, for bloodshed the cruellest, for pretences the most pious, for the true intent the most politic the world ever saw. And at this day the Turks, to spare the Christians their pains of coming so long a journey to Palestine, have done them the unwelcome courtesy to come more than half the way to give them a meeting." The fifth book is supplementary, said by Fuller, in his quaint way, to be "voluntary and over-measure, only to hem the end of our history that it ravel not out." London to attend his duties, he frequently CHRISTMAS BOOKS. M. JULES VERNE has written so many fascinating tales, in which impossibilities were surmounted by himself and his heroes, smoothly and easily as in a dream, that it was with a feeling of disappointment we discovered that the Floating City was neither more nor less than our own ship the Great Eastern. Of course, the Great Eastern is a wonderful specimen of shipbuilding, big enough to be called "a floating city," and, of course, the people who have lost no money by her are proud of the achievement;-and if half the perils and danger which she has encountered could be realized by those who dwell at home at ease, there would be sensation enough to satisfy the craving for stirring and dangerons incidents; but nevertheless, we were disappointed to find that M. Jules Verne's new story related to such a well-known matter of fact. We hoped, however, that we were about to read some romance connected with the lives and histories of the city." Well! we are almost afraid to confess it, human beings who have sailed in this "floating but, by degrees, we became conscious that, for Hugessen, M.P., with Illustrations by Gustave Doré (Daldy, Isbister & Co.), makes a handsome volume. The stories are readable, but the jokes the political world, and are rather heavy burturn too much upon things and circumstances in lesques on the newspaper style of dealing with various vexed questions and sore subjects. We hold that this kind of pleasantry is out of keeping with legends and fairy tales, - an incongruous web of fairy gossamer with the cloth of freize of this work-a-day world. The legends are, however, entertaining, and the rough fun set forth will find favour with boy readers. We only hope that Mr. Knatchbull-Hugessen may not have put them up to more mischief than would come to them naturally; but these goblins, spirits, giants, and changelings are mischievous creatures in a high state of development. We prefer this volume on the whole to Mr. Knatchbull-Hugessen's former fairy tales. The dialogues between Father Rhine and Father Thames, and their final quarrel, are amusing. FOR the first time the scholarly contributions within reach of English readers, by a translation of Dr. Elze to Shakspearean criticism are brought of them by Miss Dora Schmitz, which Messrs. Macmillan have published under the title of Essays on Shakespeare. The papers, which are upon Shakspeare's plays, or upon subjects connected with his life or family, are rendered into fluent and fairly forcible English, and issued under the direct sanction of the author, whose latest touches of revision they have received. Readers of the Athenæum, in which many of the most ingenious suggestions and speculations of Dr. Elze have appeared, will not need to know in what estimation his work is held. Upon him has fallen the mantle of dramatic scholarship transmitted from Lessing and Tieck, and worn by Ulrici and Gervinus. In 1867, Dr. Elze was appointed editor of the Jahrbücher of the German Shakspeare Society. From these Jahrbücher, which are devoted to illustrations of Shakspeare, the entire contents of the present volume are taken. A more desirable contribution to criticism has not recently been made. The volume is not free, however, from that over - acuteness of perception which proves so amusing in the works of German critics. English readers will be apt, at times, to doubt whether the remote meanings assigned to different plays had an existence, except in the mind of the commentator. once, one of M. Jules Verne's stories was-dull! The greater portion of the book consists of descriptions of the construction and dimensions of the great ship,-the most minute statistical details, even to the iron plates of her keel, and the number of rivets which fastened them in their places. The author is at once enthusiastic and minute:-"I, with head upturned and my body thrown back, surveyed the wheels of the Great Eastern, like a tourist looking up at a high edifice. Seen from the side, these wheels looked narrow and contracted, although their paddles were four yards broad, but in front they had a monumental aspect. Their fittings, the arrangement of the plan, the stays crossing each other to support the division of the triple centre rim, the radius of red spikes, the machinery half lost in the shadow of the wide paddle-boards, all this impressed the mind, and awakened an idea of some gigantic and mysterious power." Every detail of the vessel is described with equal minuteness. There are extracts from the ship's log-book, with regular notices of This work alone might have established for the ship's behaviour under storm and calm; but Fuller a character as one of the most delight-lags and loiters. There is much chit-chat among the story, for which the reader waits impatiently, ful writers in our language. It abounds in the passengers; there is a facetious doctor, who is specimens of his drollery and felicity of ex- making the voyage in the hope of a shipwreck, or IT is not long since we found ourselves able pression, such as the following: "Mariners' some other disaster at sea; there is a Cyclone, well to speak with high praise of the new and revised vows end with the tempest"; "It is charity described; but the story, for which all these things edition of Murray's Handbook for France. The to lend a crutch to a lame conceit"; "The serve as a frame and setting, is, when it comes, new edition of the companion, Handbook for Paris, The which we have before us, has, on the contrary, best way to keep great princes together is to fragmentary to an exasperating degree. second tale in the volume, The Blockade Runners,' been so badly "revised" that, in justice to the keep them asunder "; 'Charity's eyes must relates how an English vessel entered Charleston deserved reputation of the series to which it bebe open as well as her hands"; "Slander Harbour during the blockade, and how a young longs, another edition ought to be at once pre(quicker than martial law) arraigneth, con- lady, named Miss Jenny Halliburt, of Boston, came pared. The new matter, of course, chiefly bears demneth, and executeth all in an instant"; on board in disguise, and persuaded the young on the sieges of 1870 and '71, and it is precisely "No opinion so monstrous, but if it had a captain to risk his vessel, his crew, and his cargo, in this part of the work that we find baldness, mother it will get a nurse"; "A friend's in order to rescue her father, who had been taken blunders, and absurdities. For instance, at pp. 137, house is no home"; and, speaking of merprisoner by the Confederates, and who was lying 8, 9, under the head "Hôtel de Ville," we find under sentence of death. It is a story quite as first a highly imaginative account of its destruccenaries, "England hath best thrived without improbable as a journey from the earth to the tion; then its history; then a description of it in them under God's protection we stand on moon, but not half so entertaining. For this the present tense, as though it still existed; then our own legs. . . . Let it be our prayers that, time we must record that M. Jules Verne's its history over again, with the very same facts told as for those hirelings which are to be last tried brilliant display of fire-works has not gone off as were told a page further back, the whole being and least trusted, we have never want of their with the usual success. The illustrations are enlivened with a classification of the episodes of help, and never have too much of it." numerous, but nearly all of them are painfully the first revolution, the proclamation of Louis ugly. Messrs. Sampson Low & Co. are the pub- Philippe, the proclamation of the Provisional Government, and that of the Commune of 1871 (the proclamation in 1870 of the still existing Government of France being omitted),- dis In 1640, Fuller was chosen Proctor for the Diocese of Bristol in the memorable Convocation which met in that year. While up in lishers. River Legends; or, Father Thames and Father -as plays of republican wickedness." We have an idea that the new matter must be from the hand of M. Veuillot, of the Univers. The editor does not in any part of the Handbook seem sure whether the Hôtel de Ville does or does not exist, and at p. 35 he favours us with a form of application to view the "apartments of the Hôtel de Ville." As for "republican wickedness," it does duty over and over again, in company with "petroleum." At p. 78 we have a discovery of the head-quarters of the latter at the Buttes Chaumont. At p. 216 a statement that the insurgents fired from Père la Chaise 66 'shells loaded with petroleum," whereas no such thing as a petroleum shell was ever fired by either side in either siege. All through the Handbook the rebels are spoken of as the "Republican Commune," and their opponents as the "Versailles Army," which, to say the least of them, are inaccurate descriptions of the Federalist insurgents on the one hand, and national forces of the French Republic on the other. The "facts" relating to the two sieges have, apparently, been taken from the Gaulois or the Figaro, instead of from the Official Reports to the Assembly, and this by a writer personally unacquainted with the events which it was his first duty to understand. At p. 122 "Mont Avron" is spoken of as one of the forts of Paris. At p. 158 the Ministry of Finance is burnt "by the Communists," whereas the Report of the Commission conclusively shows that it was set on fire by the shells of the army, and that the first time it caught the insurgents were able to put out the flames. At p. 19 the statement that passports are required of English people at the south and east frontiers is untrue :-a card is all that is ever needed. At the same page there is a mistake in the important point of cab-fares. At p. 219 the sergents de ville are made to wear cocked hats. At p. 30 a list of confectioners is given, from which the world-renowned Boissier is omitted. We might extend this list. IN justice to Mr. Murray, we must mention that the general condemnation of the first edition of his Handbook for Algeria, has led him to withdraw it and issue a new guide-book, which appears to be in every way more satisfactory than its predecessor. THE Bishop of Natal has printed for private circulation an elaborate memoir on The Treatment by the Natal Government of Langalibalele and the Amahlubi Tribe. THE Annuals of 1875 are beginning to appear. Messrs. Cassell, Petter & Galpin have sent us their excellent Illustrated Almanac for 1875; and Mr. Ridgway has again published the useful and convenient Farmers' Almanac, edited by Mr. Cuthbert Johnson.-Mr. Pratt, of Sudbury, has again published Fulcher's Ladies' Memorandum Book, which almost takes us back to the days of the heroines of Miss Austen's novels. We have on our table Address in Medicine, by J. R. Reynolds, M.D. (Churchill),-History of India, by L. J. Trotter (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge),- Handbook of Scripture Geography, by A. Thomson (Collins),-The Twentyfirst Book of Livy, edited by T. Nash, M.A. (Longmans), The Prometheus Vinctus of Eschylus, by the Rev. N. Pinder, M.A. (Longmans), Supplement to Chess Problems, by J. and W. T. Pierce (Longmans),-America not Discovered by Columbus, by R. B. Anderson, A.M. (Trübner),~ Te Rou; or, the Maori at Home, by J. White (Low), Western Wanderings, by J. W. BoddamWhetham (Bentley),-Two Years in East Africa, by E. Jonveaux (Nelson),-Stories of Animal Sagacity (Nelson), Fairy Frisket, by A. L. O. E. (Nelson), The Shakespeare Birthday Book (Hatchards),-Grapes and Thorns, by M. A. T. (Burns & Oates), Waking and Working, by Mrs. G. S. Reaney (King),-The Fiery Cross, by B. Hutton (Griffith & Farran), The White Rose of Langley, by E. S. Holt (Shaw),-The House on Wheels, by Madame de Stolz, translated by N. D'Anvers (Low),-Herman, Little Threads, and The Story Lizzie Told, by the Author of "The Flower of the Family' (Nelson),-Barriers Burned Away, by the Rev. E. P. Roe (Routledge),-Christabelle, by Belgravia Annual, 1875, 8vo. 1/ swd. Berkheda Vicarage, cr. 8vo. 36 cl. Feast of Good Things, roy. Svo. 7.6 cl. Galliad, The, or Fall of Napoleon III., a Poem, cr. 8vo. 36 cl. Golden Hours, Vol. 1874, roy. 8vo. 7/6 cl. Good Words, Vol. 1874, roy. 8vo. 76 cl Hardy's (Lady D.) Lizzie, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 31/6 cl. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. Bacon's (L.) Genesis of the New England Churches, 8vo. 14/ cl. Holy Bible, 11 vols. in box, 21/ cl. (Handy-Volume Edition.) Philosophy. Aristotle's Ethics, Analysis of, by Rev. R. P. Paul, 3/6 swd. Davis's (H. F. A.) Law and Practice of Building, &c. Societies, Whiteley's (G. C.) Licensing Acts, 1872-74, cr. 8vo. 5/ cl. Ward's (Marcus) Water-Colour Album of Picturesque Scottish Ward's (Marcus) Water Colour Album of English Lake Poetry. Blake's (W.) Poetical Works 12mo. 5/ cl. (Aldine Poets) Goethe's Poems, translated by E. A. Bowring, 2nd edit. 3/6 cl. Bossuet and his Contemporaries, by Author of 'A Dominican Doherty's (H.) Philosophy of History, 8vo. 3 cl. limp. Yonge's (C. M.) Aunt Charlotte's Stories of Bible History, 6 cl. Geography. Baker's (Sir S. W.) Eight Years in Ceylon, new edit. 76 cl. Random Sketches in England and America, by H. Bell, 2/ cl. ་ Euripides, Scenes from, 'Baccha,' by A. Sidgwick, 12mo. 1/6 cl. Becker's (B. H.) Scientific London, cr. 8vo. 5 cl. In the Dead of Night, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 31/6 cl. Raban's Turns of the Wheel, a Novel, cr. 8vo. 10 6 cl. VIRELAY. LITTLE winged god that dozes Underneath those wings of thine, Not one rose-bud, child divine, Fly not with the fallen roses! Any rose-red flower that blows is Harbour for thy heart and mine, And the shattered flowers decline, EDMUND W. GOSSE. THE SURVEY OF PALESTINE. THE survey of Palestine, which was interrupted by the heats of summer, by Lieut. Conder's return to England, and by Mr. Tyrwhitt Drake's death, has now been re-commenced. Lieut. Conder arrived in Jerusalem on the 22nd of September, and took the field after a few days' preparation. The new camp is at Halhúl, the site of the ancient town of the same name, a conspicuous hill on the right of the road leading from Hebron to Jerusalem, some four miles from the former place. The party will be strengthened in a few days by the addition of Lieut. H. H. Kitchener, R.E., and will thus consist entirely of Royal Engineers. On his way to Jerusalem, Lieut. Conder visited Abu Shusheh and Tell Jezer-the Gezer discovered by M. Clermont Ganneau. It was on the top of a flat hill, "rather more than a mile" from Tell Jezer, that the two Gezer stones were found. He observed, as M. Ganneau had already pointed out, evidences of considerable work, the rock being cut in various places, and shallow troughs, looking like sarcophagi with the sides knocked off, lying about. In the same line as M. Ganneau's two previously found inscriptions, he was shown a long rough stone, with two large letters, about a foot in height, cut in the end. Another stone to the south-east was reported, but not seen. One of the two first inscriptions is in the Serai at Jerusalem, the other in the Serai at Ramleh. The vexatious circumstances which led to their being lost to the Palestine Fund belong to M. Ganneau's history of this important find. This portion of Baker's (Lieut. Col. W. A.) Phosphoros, the Star of the Mora- the country has been already mapped by the ing, 12mo. 2/6 cl. Survey party, but in the interval between the departure of Capt. Stewart and the arrival of Lieut. Conder, when the field-work was carried on by Sergeant Black and Corporal Armstrong, and Mr. Drake's hands were full with the organization and management of the party, the archæological harvest was small. Lieut. Conder has made a discovery of great topographical interest in the Haram area of Jerusalem. On the platform of the Kubbet es Sakhra are two great cisterns, numbered by Major Wilson in the Notes to the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, One and Three. The former is a tunnel, 130 feet long and 24 feet wide, cut in the rock for 18 feet from the bottom to the springing of the arch: it runs north and south; the other runs north-east and south-west, and, if the lines of direction of the two tanks were produced, they would meet--a fact noticed by Capt. Warren in the 'Recovery of Jerusalem-at the northern edge of the platform, where there is a hollow-sounding piece of ground. Lieut. Conder, descending into the latter cistern with Sergeant Black, found the northern end closed by a wall, evidently of more modern construction, and built irregularly in an oblique line across it. The lower part is cemented, but above the cement the work is visible, and proves to be irregular in size, with broad mortar joints. The passage is roofed with a semicircular arch of fine masonry. The key-stone of the arch is very narrow, and the voussoirs gradually increase in breadth as they approach the haunches. In this respect the work resembles that of the three pools by the Convent of the Sisters of Zion. Lieut. Conder thinks it is probably Roman. At the end of the passage the voussoirs are cut irregularly by the wall, and there seems no doubt that the passage continues further north. An examination of cistern No. I. showed similar later work, though in this case the cross wall blocking up the passage was not so easily seen the voussoirs, however, of the roofing arch run beyond in the same way. Lieut. Conder thinks that this discovery of an extension of both tunnels goes far to prove a communication with the exterior. There is also, he notices, the side chamber in No. 3, with a well mouth, which, he suggests, may be the House of Baptism, or, more properly, the Bath-room mentioned in the Talmud. Capt. Warren has already suggested the same thing (Recovery of Jerusalem,' p. 206). MR. EDWARD LEVIEN. WE have this week to record the death of Mr. Edward Levien, M.A., F.S.A., after a severe illness which lasted nearly three months. Mr. Levien was educated at Shrewsbury Grammar School, under Dr. Butler and Dr. Kennedy, and afterwards at Balliol College, Oxford, where he passed through the usual curriculum with considerable success. After being connected for some time with the University of Glasgow, he was appointed, on the 6th of May, 1850, to the post of Assistant in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, and faithfully discharged the duties attached to the position he occupied till his health wholly failed. Mr. Levien was, for many years, also Honorary Secretary of the British Archaeological Association, and the task of editing the annual Proceedings of that Society was confided to his care-a work he carried on with ability and discretion. In addition to many smaller works, Mr. Levien was the author of 'A Brief Description of the Town of Hadleigh, in Suffolk,' 1853; 'Outlines of the History of Greece,' in conjunction with Mr. W. D. Hamilton; Outlines of the History of Rome,' 2 vols., 1855-6; 'Memoirs of Socrates for English Readers, with Illustrative Notes,' 1872. For the Association, he wrote from time to time the following papers :An Account of the Shrewsbury Book,' Vol. XVII. of the Journal; On the Joursanvault MSS.,' ibid.; On Unpublished Devonshire MSS. in the British Museum,' Vol. XVIII.; ‘On_Documents relating to the Captivity of Charles I.,' Vols. XVIII. and XIX.; On Unpublished MSS. relating to Meaux Abbey,' Vol. XIX.; On MSS. Collections relating to Suffolk in the British Museum,' Vol. XXI.; 'On Deeds of the Ford Family,' Vol. XXII.; ‘On a Roman Congius belonging to John Davidson'; 'On the Barony of Burford,' Vol. XXIV.; 'On Richard of Cirencester and his Writings,' Vol. XXV.; Notes on Assyro - Babylonian Tablets and Cylinders,' Vol. XXV.; 'On Popular Tumults at St. Albans in the Time of Richard II., Vol. XXVI.; On the Hereford Missal,' Vol. XXVII.; 'On Wareham and its Religious Houses,' Vol. XXVIII.; On Early Religious Houses in Staffordshire,' Vol. XXIX. His death will be a cause of regret among a large circle of friends, to whom his genial temperament and kindly feeling had endeared him; and the loss of his obliging assistance, never sought in vain by archaeologists and students of general history and palæography, will be long deplored. TROJAN ANTIQUITIES. II. DR. SCHLIEMANN (p. 234) attacks my statement that the natural rock was reached at a depth of 67 feet, and he gives 52 feet as the maximum thickness of the artificial soil. It may be so; but I gave that figure from the best of my recollection of what he himself told me at the time; and, in support of it, I can adduce the following passage from a letter of his to me of the 19th of May, 1872 "I have dug up yesterday broken pottery in 17 to 18 mètres (57 to 60 feet in depth) that beats anything in our days." I am next taxed (p. 235) with a mis-statement in asserting that prehistoric remains are found at a depth of 6 to 8 feet; the Doctor alleging he has never in any of his excavations found these objects at a less depth than 4 mètres, except under the Temple of Minerva. My representation was founded on a letter of Dr. Schliemann's, dated 4th July, 1872, that is to say, previous to his excavations on the site of this Temple. He says:-"I am puzzled at finding at a depth of 9 mètres I am only in the rubbish of B.C. 200, for nearly everywhere else objects of prehistorical times are found at 2 mètres in depth." He confirms this in the Introduction (p. xvi):-"J'ai trouvé très-souvent immédiatement sous les décombres même de la colonie grecque, c'est-à-dire à 2 mètres à peine de profondeur, des instruments de pierre." I had noticed in my letter to the Levant Herald the following points:-the perforated cylinders imbedded to half their diameter in the clay the walls are composed of; the impressions of reeds on the clay; the vitrified floors; and the bones fractured to extract the marrow. All these Dr. Schliemann (pp. 235-6) categorically ignores. It is likely enough that they never came under his notice, as he says, for prehistoric remains offered no attractions to Dr. Schliemann, his only aim was to discover Homeric Troy; and his explorations, the earlier part of them especially, were marked by the indiscriminate destruction of such relics. Happily, however, I was able to rescue a few specimens, and I shall be happy to show any one who takes an interest in the matter some of the cylinders in question and a portion of the reed-impressed clay now in my possession. As for the vitrified floors, they have been ruthlessly swept away; and no others, so far as I know, were afterwards found. Before their destruction, however, they were remarked by several travellers who visited Hissarlik, and who, should they chance to see these lines, may perhaps testify to the fact. As to the use to which the cylinders may have been applied, the majority of the Hissarlik vases being perforated, apparently for the purpose of suspension,-it may be conjectured that the cylinders served to hang the smaller vessels to the walls. The bones which Dr. Schliemann denied to be fractured are still to be seen in numbers at Hissarlik. At the same time, it certainly cannot be pretended that these fractures afford, in themselves alone, proof of a low grade of existence, since marrow continues to be sought after to the present day. Dr. Schliemann (page 235) next contradicts my statement that he had found a few objects in bronze, and some trifling ornaments in gold and silver wire. Bronze, he says, he never found, but pure copper only; whilst the ornaments in the precious metals were all massive. As regards the first point, the analyses made by M. Damour of his Trojan arms, and given in the Appendix, show that it is the Doctor who was mistaken, inasmuch as tin was found to be a component part of the three axes tested by the chemist. These are, therefore, clearly bronze. Dr. Schliemann falls into a singular anachronism in the endeavour to support his second allegation; for, writing ostensibly (letter xix., 29th of March, 1873) before the discovery of the so-called Priam's treasure (letter xxiii., 17th of June, 1873), he refers to the photographs and plates of this great trouvaille to prove that the articles in gold and silver were massive. It is obvious that my remarks on this head, made in the preceding February, apply to the trifling articles found during the earlier part of his researches. Dr. Schliemann's own description (pages 115, 165) shows that many of these were in filigree work. I could multiply ad infinitum instances of the contradictions and inconsistencies which pervade the book; but I confine myself to those which I am obliged, in self-defence, to point out, or which concern important archæological facts. My description of the structures of the primitive inhabitants is, according to Dr. Schliemann, equally unhappy. There are, he says (page 236), no buildings of unhewn and uncemented stone. The walls, he adds, sometimes consist of sun-dried bricks; but there are no traces of reeds on the clay. I have lately taken an opportunity of examining carefully such of the buildings of the lower artificial stratum as have been preserved. Many of the walls are, indeed, composed, as he states, of clay-bricks. These are of large size. The casts of chopped straw or grass used in their manufacture are visible throughout these bricks, and they are cemented with homogeneous materials. The whole mass of clay is burnt to a red colour but whether this was its original state, or the result of accident, I cannot undertake to say. I was unable to discover on this occasion, among the buildings which have escaped destruction, the casts of reeds impressed on the clay which I had remarked during my earlier visits; but further excavations will probably bring other specimens to light. As to buildings of undressed stone, many such are there to support my statement on that head. These are, for the most part, cemented with clay; and the interior of one of them bears traces of having been plastered with the same material. Others again are put together without any cement, and the interstices between the stones are in many instances free even from the earth in which they have been buried during so many ages. Similar “dry walls" are in use in the Troad at the present day, although Dr. Schliemann chooses to assert, in his enthusiastic style (p. 236), "l'architecte n'est pas encore né qui serait à construire des murs de maisons de telle pierre sans une matière quelconque pour les rattacher!" Dr. Schliemann (page 233) curiously perverts my remark, in the Levant Herald, on Homers silence with regard to stone or flint implements. He humorously observes, that "if one of Homer's heroes has need of a stone weapon, he does not use a small silex knife, or put his hand into his pocket for a flint saw" [why not say, "he does not use a stone-headed axe or spear," of which there are abundant remains in this same stratum ?], "but seizes a large stone wherewith to defend himself." The Doctor here begs the whole question. I never pretended that the heroes of the Iliad made use of stone implements, but, on the contrary, argued that the absence of all mention in the Iliad of such implements, and their presence in the stratum, attributed by the Doctor to Homer's Troy, were a strong objection to his hypothesis. Dr. Schliemann (p. 232) takes occasion to ridicule, as it were, a remark I had offered in the course of conversation with him regarding the terra-cotta hippopotamus found at a depth of seven mètres "M. Frank Calvert . . . qui veut me prouver que les décombres de cette couche appartiennent à une époque où il y avait des hippopotames dans les rivières de la Troade." The remark here referred to was to the effect that the 1 hippopotamus, in the time of Herodotus, was unknown out of Egypt, and that, on the other hand, remains of this animal had been found in France in the river drifts, along with paleolithic implements. I readily admit that the assimilation (for it was nothing else) has lost much of its force since the discovery in the same deposit of metal objects indicating a comparative advance in primitive art. But the remark, when it was made at least, was fair and reasonable, based as it was on the great thickness of the stratum in which the terra-cotta was found and the general character of the other remains, which seemed to indicate a high prehistoric antiquity. While our principal publishers are doing them-poems, and they are justified in refraining, for the selves honour by bringing out these valuable poets do not write for them. En revanche, they books, a more modest but extremely useful class read numbers of novels, they read more than ever are introducing into the depths of society the since our disasters have checked the whirl of society, histories of MM. Jules Claretie, Ernest Hamel, and given them more leisure. So light literature, and Amédée de Faure. These excellent pro- having a vast opening, multiplies its efforts and ductions, tricked out with some passable woodcuts, increases the rate of production. If some novelists are sold in parts, and have a circulation of more of the first order, Feuillet, Sandeau, and George than a hundred thousand copies among a public Sand, rest on their laurels, or devote themselves to which heretofore has read scarcely anything but other work, one sees a new generation growing up execrable novels. of inventive and prolific writers, who pay much attention to style. I spoke to you lately of Assollant. I must speak of him again, for he has finished, within the last few months, two historical romances, full of life and action, written in excellent French, and with a gaiety of tone that is fantastic, strange, and sometimes bitter, and that gives them a flavour sui generis. The author is no favourite of Fortune's,-not what one used to call "un satisfait." He has traversed rough paths since the days when we sat together on the benches of the Ecole Normale, and he does not believe, like Pangloss, that all is for the best in the best of worlds. I imagine that were the press a little freer, he would handle the established order of things rather roughly. But not being able to war against the abuses of this century, he takes his revenge on "the good old times." Read 'Le Seigneur de Lanterne ' and 'Le Puy de Montchal,' I believe you will get interested in Assollant's heroes, although, like the author of their beirg, they are veritable rebels. The Revolution of 1789-always a reality for us so long as it remains unfinished-interests Frenchmen of every party. People will dispute about it for years to come; but I hail with satisfaction the new tendency of contemporary controversialists. Instead of accumulating phrases for or against, they are printing original documents, and placing the public in a position to master for themselves the authorities. Plon republishes the Memoirs of Malouet, Michel Lévy those of Miot de Mélito, Charpentier the complete works of Camille Desmoulins, re-collected and annotated by M. Jules Claretie, a young writer of prodigious industry and a fecundity almost alarming. Whether the stratum in question represents the Heroic Age of Troy is a problem no less perplexing than it is interesting. There is certainly no intermediate link between that stratum and the deposit above it, of historical times, represented by archaic Greek pottery of the seventh to sixth centuries B.C. It is also undeniable that, as Chabas ('Etudes sur l'Antiquité,' &c., pp. 323 et seq.) has demonstrated, the mere presence of stone implements is no absolute criterion of the degree of the civilization of the age to which they belong; and they are found associated, in the instance before us, with articles The anxiety which all good citizens feel in the in metal attesting a certain rude proficiency of re-organization of the army has suggested a happy workmanship. Archæology then finds itself in the idea to General Susane. This brave and honourdilemma of having either to accept the semi-able man has published in succession, through barbarous relics of Dr. Schliemann's collection as Hetzel, the History of the French Cavalry' representing the real state of art during the heroic and the History of the Artillery.' It is the period, or to explain, on the other hand, the total first time, if I mistake not, that a specialist has absence so far, not only at Hissarlik, but through- contrived to make military matters attractive and out the explored sites of Greece, of any relics of induced ignoramuses to read them. the civilization depicted, or invented, by Homer. The negative inference is, that no such Hellenic civilization existed during the so-called heroic period, and that the poet who lived in the dark and barbarous ages which succeeded it must have embellished the traditions of that period, as regards work of art, from the hints furnished by contemporary Phoenician, Assyrian, or Egyptian models. Dr. Schliemann has taken occasion to express his surprise that, as proprietor of part of Hissarlik, I should, against my material interest, have published my doubts as to the age and origin of the antiquities discovered by him. He seems unable to understand that in a question of this kind no personal considerations whatsoever ought to have any weight, and that it is simply childish to hope that they can be made to prevail against scientific truth. Whilst fully recognizing his enterprise, devotion, and energy in carrying out these excavations, I cannot but express the regret that Dr. Schliemann should have allowed the "enthusiasm," which, as he himself admits, "borders on fanaticism," to make it so paramount an object with him to discover the Troy described by Homer, as to induce him either to suppress or to pervert every fact brought to light that could not be reconciled with the Iliad. FRANK CALVERT. NOTES FROM PARIS. In spite of the troubles of the present and the uncertainties of the future, Literary France is recovering herself little by little: we are regaining possession of ourselves-we write and we read something more than the newspapers. Religious, political, and economical questions are not alone discussed off-hand by people often ill-qualified to argue about them; but some less excitable thinkers take the time to mature and arrange their thoughts in comparative retirement. The most ardent and passionate of controversies, because its subject is the latest events in our history, assumes a new importance and dignity in the works of Eugène Pelletan, Etienne Arago, and Jules Simon, on the Revolution of the Fourth of September. The two volumes of Jules Simon, which I am proud of having published in the XIXme Siècle before M. Lévy began to bring out edition after edition of the book, are a veritable monument. Jules Favre and Louis Blanc devote the few leisure hours of a parliamentary life to sterling works which will endure, thanks to a style that is at once noble and wellsustained. Our classics are being printed on all hands and Our poets are inexhaustible. I should be glad able minority. The women of our country hardly read new Jules Verne, who has just obtained a great success with a drame de féerie géographique, is the most instructive of our novelists. Nobody commits suicide in his books, nobody pays his addresses to married women; passion is absent from them, and crime is unknown. But never has the brain of an honest man found the secret of attracting readers by more novel or more varied devices. I do not care to enlarge to-day upon 'L'Ile Mystérieuse, for it is only the first volume of a Robinson Crusoe re-furbished and enriched with all the curiosities of modern science. I shall return to it when it is finished. As for M. Alphonse Dandet, who has just published three volumes of exquisite quality within a space of a few months, I shall reserve him for another occasion. The man is so young, so handsome (permit me the expression), with a physiognomy so pleasant, with a character so lively and so good, that it would be a sin to speak of his books without speaking of him. But this letter is already long, and it is late. EDMOND ABOUT. Literary Gossip. M. VICTOR HUGO is expected immediately in Guernsey, but merely for a short visit, in order to arrange his private affairs in that island prior to quitting it for good. The great author has decided on relinquishing Hauteville House as a residence, and in future will live permanently in Paris. His daughter Madame Charles Hugo and her children, little Georges and Jeanne, who are now in Genoa, will also take up their abode with M. Victor Hugo in Paris. DR. BADGER, who is well known as Sir Bartle Frere's assistant in his late expedition to Zanzibar, is engaged in preparing an English-Arabic Dictionary. This work will, it is understood, be as much as possible of a practical nature, and will especially aim at being of use to Englishmen desirous of obtaining a colloquial knowledge of Arabic. intended that it should compete with Lane's It is not Arabic-English Dictionary, which should be in the possession of every student of the Arabic classics; but it is expected that, within its own scope and limits, Dr. Badger's forthstudy of Arabic by Englishmen. coming work will prove an incentive to the IN the Report of the English Dialect Society for 1873, it was announced that every effort would be made to complete the series of publications for that year and the present by the end of 1874. The work has been pushed on, and there is a fair prospect that this can be accomplished. The series for 1873 consists of the following:-(1) Reprinted Glossaries, 1 to 7; Series B, Part I. (2) A Bibliographical List of Books relating to Dialects; Series A, Part I. (3) A Glossary of Swaledale Words, by Capt. Harland; Series C, Part I. Of these, only No. 1 has yet been issued; Nos. 2 and 3 are nearly ready. The series for 1874 consists of the following (4) A History of English Sounds, by H. Sweet, Esq., to be published for the Philological and English Dialect Societies, conjointly; nearly ready. (5) Reprinted Glossaries, 8-14; Series B, Part II.; of which Glossaries 8-12 are already printed. (6) Ray's Collection of Words, from the edition of 1691, with additions, &c. ; entirely re-arranged, with a general index; in the press. It will thus be seen, by comparison with the last Report, that the numerous contributions promised have, for the most part, not yet been sent in, so that there is, in fact, as much work in various stages of preparation as can be printed in 1875 and 1876. The Society is to be congratulated on the abundance of material that has been promised, and it will not be long before their series of publications will bring to light, or put into a more convenient form, a great deal of information regarding our language. which is now not always nor easily accessible. We hear that Mr. Robert Clark, printer, of Edinburgh, has been for some time engaged in collecting information from antiquarian and other sources on the ancient game of golf. The matter thus collected will form a small quarto volume, which is now being privately printed by Mr. Clark himself. Some quaint and artistic illustrations will be contained in the volume, which is nearly ready. THE first number of a new monthly magazine, to be called Little Wide Awake, which will be devoted entirely to juvenile literature, will be ready in December. It will contain numerous woodcut illustrations, and will be edited by Mrs. Sale Barker. MR. FRANCIS ESPINASSE has in the press a second series of Biographies of Lancashire Worthies, which will be issued shortly in demy 8vo. size, a limited number being limited number being printed on larger paper. Memoirs of Romney (the artist), John Dalton, Miss Jewsbury, Mrs. Hemans, De Quincey, Henry Liverseege, William Roscoe (of Liverpool), and other Lancashire notabilities occur in the volume. M. ERNEST RENAN, having completed the "Mission en Phénicie," prosecutes his scientific labours on the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum with the more vigour. Towards the close of his researches he contemplates a visit to this country, where he has not yet been, for the purpose of working in the British Museum. THE Yorkshire Archæological Society has in the press a description, by Mr. J. Fowler, F.S.A., with notes, plan, coloured plates, &c., of a window in York Minster representing the life and miracles of S. William, Archbishop of York in the twelfth century. This window, which was presented to the Cathedral about the year 1420 by the family of Lord Roos, of Hamlake (now Helmsley), contains upwards of 800 feet of painted glass. THE event of the week in Paris is the publication, by Michel Lévy Frères, of "Tragaldabas,' by M. Auguste Vacquerie, now the chief leader-writer of the Rappel. 'Tragaldabas' is a comedy famous in French dramatic history for having been more howled at sixand-twenty years ago than ever play was howled at before or since. Cabbage-stalks were fetched while the curtain was down, and even Frédérick Lemaître-playing the hero was pelted. It is a thoroughly corrupt piece, but was, perhaps, meant as a satire on other plays of the same kind, and crushed by the public taking it too seriously. Between the acts, while the public was engaged in hunting for missiles, the author was writing new verses, in which the spectators were called " and which were actually spoken by Frédérick Lemaître. We may say more about the play next week. asses, Odcombe Church, Somersetshire, where Tom LITERARY men may like to take note that Coryat hung up the shoes in which he performed his nine hundred miles journey in Europe, is about to be restored and enlarged. e, ninety-six years. The shoes remained in the church till 1702, The outcome of the stretcher," as he called himself, was the famous "peregrinations" of the "Odcombian legCrudities." father was rector of Odcombe. "Tom's THE death is announced of Mr. James Gall, of the firm of Gall & Inglis, publishers, at the from his regular business, had much to do advanced age of ninety-one. Mr. Gall, apart with the introduction into Scotland of the art of printing books for the blind. AN autobigraphy of some interest has been privately printed at Carlisle. It is that of Mrs. Fletcher, of Edinburgh, a lady who enjoyed the friendship of Lords Brougham, Jeffrey, and Cockburn, of Wordsworth, and many other literary celebrities of the end of last and the beginning of the present century. The autobiography is accompanied by selections from her letters and other family memorials, compiled and arranged by her daughter, Lady Richardson, the widow of the Arctic explorer. M. MAXIME DU CAMP'S work on Paris, which has reached five volumes, will probably extend to ten. M. Esquiros's work on London, but Paris The idea has been taken from scientific mode of treatment. WE learn from the New York Nation that a brief account of the origin of the names of the several States and Territories in the Union is to be undertaken by a committee of the American Antiquarian Society. THE excavations now being carried on among the ruins of the city of Anuradhapura, in Ceylon, have brought to light a number of sculptures belonging to the best period of ancient Indian art. Several new rock inscriptions have also been discovered. M. JOHN LEMOINNE is a candidate for the fauteuil, at the French Academy, vacant by the death of Jules Janin. WE hear from Madrid that Señor Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia proposes to establish at Alcalá de Henares a Public Library: firstly, to contain copies of all editions of Cervantes' works (and any relating to them) which have been printed in Spain and elsewhere; secondly, all works printed at Alcalá, relating to its history or that of the pious foundations, hospitals and churches now existing, or which have existed in that city; thirdly, copies of the works of Fray Francisco de Cisneros (Cardinal Jimenez) Solis, Vallés el Divino, and others who by merit, residence, studies, or services, have had connexion with Alcalá, and to include such as have been connected with any of the cities, towns, or villages of the Archbishopric of Toledo. A premium of 201. is offered by Señor Villa-Urrutia for the best monograph having reference to the plan and arrangement of the Library, together with a bibliographical index of such works as in the author's estimation should occupy a preferential position in it. dialects will be glad to hear that M. J. F. LOVERS of popular tales and provincial Bladé has just published Contes Populaires tion and text in Agenais dialect. recueillis en Agenais,' with French transla these tales, 'La Gardeuse de Dindons' will be Among found, a mixture of the sad history of King Lear, illustrated by Shakspeare, with that of 'Peau d'âne,' so charmingly told by Perrault. M. GARCIN DE TASSY has now edited, in a single volume, under the title of 'La Langue et la Littérature Hindoustanies,' his various speeches at the yearly opening of his wellknown public lectures, from 1850 to 1869. PROF. MILA Y FONTANALS, of the Uni versity of Barcelona, has recently published a Poesia Heroico-Popular Castellana,' in which large and important work, entitled 'De la he gives, among other things, a valuable and exhaustive account of what has been written in the various languages of Europe on the subject of Spanish epic poetry. THE following early use of the expression "Go to Jericho" has, we believe, never been hitherto noticed :— If -These verses occur in the Mercurius Aulicus for March 23-30, 1648, the well-known Royalist paper of the time. time, afforded by the Penny London Post, or HERE is a glimpse at London in a lawless the Morning Advertiser, Monday, January 26, 1747, p. 4, col. 1 :— Monday morning a man, pretty well dressed, Dog and Duck; with several marks of violence was found dead in St. George's Fields, near the about him: He appeared to be a Smuggler by his Pocket Book, there being found in it a Bill of Parcels written in French, for 150 Ankers of -Are we to understand that the corpse lay in the public fields till "towards Noon," and that people had leisure to search the pockets of the deceased, taking note of the contents of his pocket-book, until the men "with Hangers at their Sides carried him away towards Newington"? The "Dog and Duck" was a place notorious for all sorts of violence. |