to north, and then returning to the eastern towns. We should look for Maarath near Beth Anoth (Beit Ainun), and here an ancient site is found, scarcely distinguishable save by a clump of olives, which is often a sure indication of former buildings. The site has no modern name, but the local appellation of the wady (Wady el Moghair) probably This leaves only one of the group, Tekon, to be accounted for. Arab.-The town of Arab is one of the group round Hebron (Josh. xv. 52). There are nine in the list, of which only four are as yet identified, and one appears doubtful. Eist of Hebron a very ancient site was found by Corporal Armstrong, called Khirbet-el Arabiyeh (the Arab ruin). It is marked by the existence of wells and cisterns. The aleph has been changed into an ain, but this is also found in the modern name of Ascalon.

retains the old name of Maarath.

The Cliff of Ziz.-Lieut. Conder finds a ruin called Khirbet Aziz, close to Yuttah; and though the position offers many topographical difficulties,

he thinks it worthy of notice that the name of Ziz is here preserved.

Zanoah.-There were two towns of this name. That which is mentioned among the ten cities

south of Hebron. It occurs in the list between
Yuttah and Cain. Dr. Robinson places it at the
modern Zanuta, to which identification there is
the objection that Zanuta lies among quite a
different group of towns. Lieut. Conder finds,
however, in the immediate vicinity of Khirbet
Yekin (probably Cain), a ruin called Khirbet Sanut
(with an aleph), a name and locality which suggest
a more probable identification of Zanoah.
The Forest of Harith. - The Septuagint and
Josephus speak of the "city" of Harith. Forest
or city, it was evidently near to Keilah, now called
Kilah, where David defeated the Philistines. The
ruins of Kilah lie on the lower road from Beit
Jibrin to Hebron, very nearly on the spot
assigned by Jerome. Close to this place, higher
up in the hills, on the north side of the Wady
Arneba, the Survey party have found a place called
Kharás, a site with cisterns, ruined wells, &c.,
which Lieut. Conder proposes as the ancient city
of Harith. He also maintains the improbability
of there ever having been a forest in the neigh-
The Wood of Ziph.-If there was no forest of
Harith, there would be none of Ziph, and, in that
case, what becomes of the "Wood of Ziph," in
which Jonathan visited David? First, Lieut.
Conder calls attention to the treeless state of the
country, and argues that from the geological for-
mation it must always have been bare of timber.
He next points out that the "Wood of Ziph
(A. V.) is in the Septuagint and Josephus, the
"New Place (ka) of Ziph." And, lastly,
he reports a ruin called Khirbet Khorreisa, about
a mile south of Tell Zif, in which he sees the
"Choresh of Ziph," translated the "Wood of
Ziph."

bourhood.

The Rock of Maon. - Maon is probably the modern Tell Main, but this is a prominent knoll, a hundred feet high, and it is difficult to understand how David "came down into a rock and abode in the wilderness of Maon." But close to Tell Main there is a rugged place, called Wady el War, the Valley of Rocks, with long ridges running cast to the Dead Sea, which forms, Lieut. Conder thinks, a most fitting place for the dramatic incident of David's escape from Saul.

The Hill of Hachilah, "which is before the Jeshimon," the place where David hid an enemy from the wilderness of Paran. Lieut. Conder

thinks this must have been north or north-east of

Zipb, a position which, among other reasons, agrees well with the site of Saul's camp. There is a hill which answers all the topographical requisites, bounded by deep valleys north and south, on which stands a ruin now called Yekin or Hakin -a name which is at least near to that of Hachila. We cannot here give Lieut. Conder's arguments in full for these identifications. They will be published in the next Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

Literary Gossip.

IN our number for December 26 we shall publish a series of articles on the Literature of Continental Countries during 1874. Among them will be Belgium, Bohemia, Denmark,

Much practical information has, we learn, been
communicated to the author by Capt. Shaw,
of the Fire Brigade. The volume will be
dedicated to Lord Henry Lennox.

MR. JULIAN HAWTHORNE writes to us :-
"I am not acquainted with the Home Journal,

France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hungary, but, judging by your late extract from it con-
Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, and Spain.

SOCIALISM, an essay left by Mr. Mill in an unfinished state, will be published next year.

LIEUT. PAYER will issue a volume de

scribing the recent Arctic Expeditions, in
each of which he has taken part. It will be
published by Messrs. Macmillan.

We are sorry to say that the genuineness of
certain drawings and MSS. preserved in the
These drawings have for many years been
Salt Library has been called in question.
accepted as both curious and valuable; but
we hear that a careful examination has led
some competent antiquarians to entertain the
suspicion that they are, after all, to be
reckoned among the many clever frauds that
have been perpetrated at the expense of
We trust that the question, having
been raised, will be decisively settled by the
appointment of a commission of investigation,
consisting of our leading authorities on English
antiquities.

collectors.

PROF. WILLIS'S 'Architectural History of the University of Cambridge' will soon be in the printer's hands. The editing of the book has been entrusted to Mr. John Willis Clarke, a nephew of the author's, who will be materially assisted by some of the most competent archæologists at Cambridge. The work represents the labour of twenty years.

cerning Nathaniel Hawthorne, I would counsel you not to encourage it in venturing beyond the home circle. The late Mr. Hawthorne's house, we are informed, 'typifies perfectly, in its leafy seclu

sion, the retirement its master loved so well.' beauty is its only excuse for being; at all events, This is certainly pretty writing, and perhaps its it has no other. The 'Wayside,' as its name implies, faces directly on the Boston and Concord high road; the distance from the front windows to the public sidewalk being less than twenty feet. Mr. Hawthorne-as I need scarcely tell those whose acquaintance with his character has been ripened by reading his published journals-not only liked to be where he could see men, but was not averse to being seen of them, provided only that they would look at him, not as the distinguished author, but in his simple capacity as human being. That his relations with his wife were, notwithstanding his 'extreme sensitiveness,' cheerful and appreciative, is gratifying intelli

gence; and it were churlish to ask how the writer became possessed of it. But the manifest plausibility of the next statement, that some of Mrs. Hawthorne's drawings are in Mr. Emerson's house, contrasts favourably with its correctness, and the same must be said of the imaginative stroke which makes Miss Alcott a pupil of Mrs. Hawthorne in drawing. So far as I am aware, Mrs. Hawthorne's

artistic instructions were confined to the members

of her own family. As regards the neglected and forgotten grave, whose desolate condition is so pathetically described, I can only say that its locality was not chosen by Mr. Hawthorne's family with a view to publicity; in fact, strange as the THE Annual Conference of Head Masters, assertion must appear to the writer in the Home which meets at Dulwich College on the 22nd Journal, a certain amount of privacy and seclusion inst., and disperses at 5 P.M. on the following was considered desirable. But I have neither day, has work cut out for it enough to excuse nor palliation to offer for the extraordinary blight which, it appears, has visited the surroundoccupy as many days as the Conference willing vegetation. Perhaps, indeed, the entire dissit hours. Before the meeting, which com- appearance of the 'hawthorn bushes planted at mences at 8 P.M. on Tuesday, and is supposed each corner' may be due to the fact that no such to break up at 10, no less than six resolu- bushes were ever seen there at all; and this would tions are to be brought, and for the two certainly account for the ghostly' aspect of the dead one which is described as remaining. For meetings of Wednesday there are no less than the rest, I can only hope that the eyes of the fourteen notices on the paper of agenda. The writer in the Home Journal may have been so title of the Conference became a misnomer obscured by tearful sympathy as to have become from the moment that any but head masters incapable of distinguishing between 'dead grass' were admitted to its discussions; and it and pine-tree needles. And, finally, I think that threatens to become in a few years an unthe grave of Nathaniel Hawthorne may safely be wieldy educational congress, at which every left to take care of itself." one with "views" may have an opportunity which the of airing them, and most practical among the head masters will avoid. The first Resolution, moved by Dr. Butler, proposes "that the Committee of each year be authorized to invite not more than twenty persons, who are or have been connected with education, whether at schools or elsewhere, to attend the cnsuing Conference, with the right of speaking and voting at that meeting, except on questions of private business." The introduction of "not more than twenty" such "persons" might be desirable in an educational debating club, but can hardly be favourable to the prospects of a "Conference of Head Masters." Could not the "not more than twenty persons" be satisfied with the opportunities of distinction which the Social Science Congress affords?

EARLY in next year will be published a work by Mr. G. H. Chubb, upon the subject of security of property from fire and thieves. I

THE Rev. David Hogg, of Kirkmahoe, is preparing for publication a 'Life of Allan Cunningham.'

A COMPLETE edition, to form, we believe, fifteen volumes, of the works of Mr. B. Brierley, is in preparation. Mr. Brierley is one of the most prolific of the prose and song writers of Lancashire, and many of his works, which are popular in the County Palatine, have long been out of print.

MR. THOMAS PARKINSON, one of the masters of the Grammar School at Bolton, is preparing for the press 'The Life and Martyrdom of George Marsh.' It is a reprint of an old book, dated 1785, with additions and notes by Mr. Parkinson, and will contain photograph-illustrations printed by the Woodbury process. Marsh was adjudged to the stake, for, as it was termed, heretical opinions, and was burnt at Chester, on April 24th, 1555.

WE learn from the Journal Officiel that Baron de Watteville, chief of the division of Science

M. ODYSSE BAROT, author of the French work on English Literature lately reviewed by us, is engaged on a volume on the social state of England.

MRS. LYNN LINTON will contribute a com

Hebrew Metrology, which I have written for the Bible Educator, induces me, in reliance on you love of justice, to ask for room for a word in regur My denominations of Hebrew coins, and determinations of their weight, are taken directly from the Mishna, and from the concurrent er

and Literature at the Ministry of Public In-
struction, has drawn up a report on the labours
of the "Comité des Travaux Historiques et des
Sociétés Savantes," from its foundation to the
present time. This Committee was first esta-
blished in 1834, in compliance with a strong
recommendation upon the subject made by
M. Guizot to King Louis Philippe. The first
Committee appointed contained the following
well-known names: - Villemain, Daunou,
Naudet, Guérard, Vilet, Mignet, Champollion-
Figeac, Fauriel, Jules Desnoyers, Granier, De
Cassagnac, and Fallot. Afterwards there was
a second committee, and subsequently the two
committees were united. Under their auspices
a most valuable library of works has been
published, in the departments of history and
philology, archæology and science. Such
works as the following have been among their
publications the 'Journal des États Géné-
raux tenus à Tours,' by Jean Masselin; the Neception to the usual puffery of the Figaro.
gociations relatives à la Succession d'Espagne,'
by Miguet; and the Mémoires Militaires
relatifs à la Succession d'Espagne,' by Lieut.-
Gen. De Vault; the 'Inscriptions de la
France'; the 'Proces des Templiers'; the 'Cap-
tivité de François 1er.'; the Chronique des
Ducs de Normandie'; and the Monographie
de la Cathédrale de Chartres.' Such works as
these testify to the usefulness of the Com-
mittee, under whose auspices there have been
published altogether as many as 258 distinct

plete story of considerable length to the forth-planation of Maimonides. That former writers
coming number of the New Quarterly Maga- Jewish numismatics have failed to consult the
zine, which will also contain a supplementary indisputable authorities, is no fault of mine. A
and final chapter of Mr. John Latouche's that is original, in this part of the matter, is the
proof which I have adduced, from the Babylonian
Travels in Portugal.'
weights in the British Museum, that the grain of
the Mishna is the troy grain. The Jewish stekel,
of the first system, is thus proved to have weited
100 diamond carats, and the relation of this car

M. DE VILLEMESSANT, of the Figaro, has
made a display of an amount of enterprise
seldom, if ever before, seen in the Paris press,
though in the case of American or English
papers it would not be worth the naming :-
he has sent one of his best leader-writers to
India to attend the trial of Nana Sahib.
What is more, he has not-so far as we have
seen- -named it in his paper; a singular ex-

volumes.

THE high value of certain book rarities is shown by the following anecdote. Signor Dura, a bookseller at Naples, put forth a catalogue, in which was the following highly tempting entry, under the head Vespucci :"Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle isole nuouamente troute in quattro suoi viaggi," sixteen leaves, with woodcuts, supposed to have been printed in the year 1516. The price of this little work was put at 2,000 lire, equal to 801. sterling-not too dear, say the booksellers, considering that the only other copy known is in the Granville Library, British Museum. Copies of this catalogue reached Paris on Sunday, the 29th ult., and on the same day Signor Dura received as many as four telegrams from different persons at Paris, signifying their desire to purchase the work. On the next day, Monday, the cata logues reached London, and then three dif ferent persons telegraphed their desire to purchase, but, alas, too late. A Paris bookseller was the first in the field, and had secured the prize.

THE Ayuntamiento of Granada has, it is said, applied to the Madrid Government for permission to remove the body of Gonzalo Fernandez de Córdova, the Great Captain, to the monastery of San Jeronimo, in that city.

A NEW American Cyclopædia is, we learn, in the course of preparation. It was projected by the late Mr. Horace Greeley, and begun by him. Since his death, the editorship of the work has passed into the hands of President Barnard, of Columbia College, New York, and of Prof. A. Guyot. It is intended to be in three stout volumes, the first of which will be out next month, and it numbers amongst its contributors many scholars of eminence in the United States. A novel feature in the work will be found to be the numerous articles furnished by literary and scientific Englishmen.

M. G. FREYTAG has in the press the third part of 'Die Ahnen.' Its title is 'Die Brüder vom deutschen Hause.'

THE Right Hon. W. E. Baxter, M.P., has revised for the press the lecture he recently delivered to his constituents on "Free Italy." It will be published by Messrs. Cassell, Petter & Galpin.

THE English colony in Smyrna is now in revolt, as the Consul, without regard to his subjects, has announced for sale the English cemetery in the city. This classic ground contains the tombs of many well-known men, consuls, chaplains, travellers, numismatists, who have contributed by their works to our knowledge of Asia Minor. The subjects of His Mightiness, considering the desecration. an act of vandalism, "interviewed" him, and put up one of their literati, Mr. Turrell, of the Bournabat College, to deliver an oration, from which, says the Impartial, the Consul dissented. They have, therefore, small hope, except in the intervention of the Foreign Office, or, of what is more active, the press and home opinion.

SCIENCE

A COMPLAINT.

Manchester, December, 1874.

In a 'Practical Handbook of Dyeing and CalicoPrinting,' by William Crookes, F.R.S. (Longmans, 1874), I find many passages taken from Chemistry of Calico-Printing,' &c., and A Dictionary of Calico-Printing and Dyeing,' published in 1860 and 1862 (of which books I am the author), without the slightest acknowledgment of their origin. The article upon 'Garanceux is transferred nearly verbatim to the chapter on Mordants,' for three pages is taken almost without change from the Chemistry of Calico-Printing.' The article upon 'Acetate of Alumina' (pp. 288-289 in Crookes) is nine-tenths of it a literal copy of the same in 'The Dictionary of Calico-Printing,' and also the paraparts of Mr. Crookes's chapter upon Bleaching, graphs upon the so-called prussiate of tin. In Indigo, Kermes, and in other places, the language is identical with that used by me twelve and fourteen years ago, in treating upon the same subjects. Mr. Crookes has compiled and translated several books before this one, and must surely know that etiquette, if not justice, required a specific acknowledgment of his sources of information.

CHARLES O'NEILL.

HEBREW METROLOGY.

THE publication in the Atheneum (No. 2457, p. 718) of Mr. F. W. Madden's sweeping condemnation of the papers on the Restoration of the

to

the troy scale is explained.

With regard to what is more matter of opinio the reading of the legends and attribution of the anonymous coins, my deductions are all drawe from the same unquestionable authorities, which I have duly cited. The views which I have controverted are either, (1) pure and simple guesses, as that the name of the false Messiah, Bar cochebas, was Simon; (2) assumptions which are not only without historic basis, but further, I venture to think, extremely improbable, such as that a High Priest, or a President of the Senate. would have been allowed to issue coins in his own name during the reign of Herod Agrippa the Second, or that more than a third of the known Jewish coins are to be referred to nine years, out of the period of 670 years, open to investigation; or (3) statements in positive contradiction to wellknown authority, as that "the talent copper probably contained 1,500 shekels" (Madden's Jewish Coinage,' p. 286), when the Book of Exodus (ch. xxxviii. 29) speaks of "seventy talents and two thousand and four hundred shekels," thus indicating the weighing of copper by the only known Hebrew talent of 3,000 shekels.

If such be "the fundamental rules of numismatic

science," I cannot regret that my classification is

"entirely opposed to them."

FRANCIS ROUBILIAC CONDER

SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL.-Dec. 2.-J. Evans, Esq., President, in the chair.-Señor C. A. Gonzalez y Orbegoso, Rev. H. M. Davey, Messrs. G. F. Playne, T. Cotton, H. M. Ormerod, S. H. Cox, W. Nicholas, H. Wilson, J. Paterson, A. H. Stokes, A. D. Dobson, G. F. Adams, V. Ball, C. L. Griesbach, A. Grant, and G. J. Hinde, were elected Fellows.-The following communications were read: 'On the Femur of Cryptosaurus eumerus (Seeley), a Dinosaur from the Oxford Clay of Great Gransden, by Mr. II. G. Seeley,-and 'On the Succession of the Pembrokeshire, with special reference to those of Ancient Rocks in the Vicinity of St. David's, the Arenig and Llandeilo Groups and their Fosil Contents, by Mr. H. Hicks.

ASIATIC.-Dec. 7.-R. N. Cust, Esq., in the chair. The following gentlemen were elected Members: Dr. C. Charnock, Rev. A. H. Sarce, Capt. Fuller, Messrs. C. J. Sassoon, F. Pincot, G. N. Souratty, E. N. Overbury, R. T. Reid, P. R Chetti, B. Rámasvámi Iyengar, and J. C. Prit chard.-A paper, 'On the Nasik Cave Inscrip tions,' by Prof. Bhandarkar, was read. The text and translations of these inscriptions had already been published by the late Rev. J. Stevenson, in Asiatic Society. Prof. Bhandarkar has done good the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal service by giving us revised copies and fresh translations of these important documents. Most of them are written in Prakrit, or popular dialect; but Prof. Bhandarkar has supplied Sanskrit ver sions along with the original text. The kings mentioned in these records are Krishnaraja, Gautamiputra Satakarni, Vasishthiputra Padumâyi, Gautamiputra Sri Yagna Satakarni. Krishnarája is said to have belonged to the Satavahana race, whilst Satakarni is said to have exterminated the race of Khagârâta, and established the glory of his own race. This Khagârâta, Prof. Bhandarkar identifies with the Kshatrapa (Satrap) Kshaharāts

Nahapâna, whom he takes to have founded the Saka era in A.D. 78, after having overthrown the Satavahana race. This the writer believes to be the same as the Andhrabhritza dynasty of the Puranas, in which Krishnaraja appears second, there being nineteen names between him and Gotamiputra. The accession of the former is accordingly placed at A.D. 2. Referring the dates of the Sah kings to the Saka era, the writer makes the last of the Satraps, whose date he reads as 250, to have been overthrown by Gautamiputra about A.D. 328.-A paper, by Capt. E. Mockler, 'On the Transliteration of Persian and Arabic Words,' was also read.-In the discussion which followed, Prof. Chenery, Col. Sir F. Goldsmid, Mr. E. T. Rogers, and Mr. W. B. E. Baillie, took

part.

BRITISH ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.-Dec. 9. -H. Syer Cuming, Esq., V.P., in the chair. Mr. Cuming exhibited a small bronze sword, probably a model, from a statuette of a saint, a halfbead of variegated glass, and a gold wire ring, from Mrs. Bailey's collection.-Mr. H. Davis exhibited portions of two hauberks of interlinked chain armour, of the fourteenth century, recently found in London excavations, and a sugar vase in silver, of the seventeenth century, bearing a crest, probably to be referred to the family of Hutton.Mr. G. M. Hills exhibited fragments of a fifteenthcentury bronze casting, conjectured by some of the Members present to be parts of a tilting helmet: traces of an inscription were visible upon them. Mr. Hills also showed a very carefully prepared plan of the survey of Maiden Castle, Dorsetshire, specially made for the Association in connexion with the Weymouth Congress.-Mr. W. de G. Birch read a paper, by the Rev. W. S. Simpson, 'On the Measure of the Wound in the Side of the Redeemer worn anciently as a Charm, and on the Five Wounds as represented in Art.'-Mr. E. Roberts exhibited and described, from recent London diggings, various specimens of fictile money-boxes, of the sixteenth century, from Bishopsgate; knives and forks of an early period, keys, padlocks, and miscellaneous objects, from Billingsgate, Bishopsgate, and Moorfields; also a collection of domestic necessary utensils in illustration of the Sheffield Manor Inventory of Mary, Queen of Scots.-Mr. Cuming read a paper On Fictile Money - Boxes,' and exhibited specimens corresponding to those above mentioned.-Mr. T. Morgan made some remarks respecting the Bristol Congress, and gave a short account of the work done in connexion with it.

ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.-Dec. 4.-Mr. O. Morgan, V.P., in the chair.-The Chairman read 'Observations on the Classification and Arrangement of a Collection of Watches,' in which he advocated the formation of four classes of such objects, founded upon some of the more important features of their manufacture, and the improvements made in them, which were discussed in some detail. In illustration of his remarks, Mr. Morgan exhibited some fine examples of early watch-work. Among these were, an astrolabe, probably made at Augsburg about 1530 or 1540, and containing a clock, with the face marked in Cufic characters; a thick watch, all brass, of about the year 1550, with four movements, and having a concentric minute-hand; and an oval silver watch, made at Constantinople in 1620, and bearing a Persian inscription, probably the work of a Swiss manufacturer.Mr. S. Smith made some remarks upon the engraved work by De Brie and others upon early watches. Some Notes on Lichfield Cathedral, as it appeared at the Close of the Siege by the Parliamentarians in 1643,' by Mr. J. Hewitt, were read. These were founded upon a sketch discovered in the Salt Library at Stafford, said to have been made by Capt. Eyre, an officer in the done to the structure by the operations.-Mr. Parliamentary army, and which showed the damage Tregellas brought a pair of silver shoe-heels, about four inches high, and a patch-box in case. These were richly engraved with a floral design, and the

|

patch-box was thought to be Dutch.-Mr. S.
Tucker (Rouge Croix) exhibited "Dame Tucker's
Shoe," the dress shoe and clog of Dorothy, wife of
Abraham Tucker, of Betchworth Castle, Surrey,
who was married in 1736, and died in 1754. The
shoe was of light-blue satin, embroidered.-The
Chairman made some remarks upon the recent
revival of the bad habit of wearing high heels.-
Mr. S. Smith brought three bronze armlets and
two bronze rings of the late Celtic period, belong-
ing to the Dowager Marchioness of Huntley. They
had been found in Glen Tauner, Aberdeenshire.
The patina on the armlets was good, but there was
no art work. Mr. Smith also brought a Roman
bronze ring, with original intaglio on glass paste,
in imitation of niccolo onyx. This was found at
Kentchester (Magna Castra), Hereford, the "Ari-
conium" of Camden.- Mr. Nightingale exhibited
a fifteenth-century gold ring, of English work,

found in Devonshire.-Mr. Church showed some
Roman denarii, found in a small Roman vase at
Naseby.-Mrs. Kerr exhibited photographs of an
Etruscan tomb, lately discovered at Orvieto, and
of bodies lately found at Pompeii.-Mr. Selby sent
a knife, part brass and part steel, found near Bird-
brook, Essex, probably Scandinavian, and a seven-
teenth-century Psalm-Book, in 32mo., the binding
decorated with needlework. These objects had
belonged to a Mr. Walford, an Essex antiquary,
deceased about 1830, and whose collection had
been dispersed.—Mr. Page sent three early clocks,
two watches, and an early clock-watch.

read by the Secretary. It described the male forms of species of Lascinularia, Floscularia, and Notommata, hitherto believed to be uni-sexual, and was illustrated by a number of diagrams.—A paper, by Dr. Schmidt, of New Orleans, 'On the Development of the smaller Blood-Vessels in the Human Embryo,' was taken as read. It was accompanied by illustrations.

ROYAL INSTITUTION.-Dec. 7.-Admiral Sir H. J. Codrington, K.C.B., V.P., in the chair. The Hon. Mrs. F. W. Buxton, Messrs. W. H. Domville, and G. Sampson, were elected Members.

SOCIETY OF ARTS.-Dec. 9.-Mr. Fitzjames Stephen in the chair.-Eleven new Members were proposed for election.-The discussion on Mr. F. J. Bramwell's paper, 'On the Expediency of H. Lloyd, H. Palmer, and Samuelson, M.P., were Protection for Inventions,' was resumed. Messrs. among the speakers.-The discussion was adjourned till Wednesday next.

CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL.-Dec. 3.-The Pre

sident (Prof. Cowell) read a paper 'On the Word
Glamour,' illustrating it by the legend of Glam in
the Grettis Saga and a passage from the Sturlunga
Saga, describing the effects of glamsýni, or
glamour-sight. The word glám, or glámr, is an
old Norse word for the moon, which, though not
found in the old literature, is given in the glossary
of old words in the Prose Edda. Can it be identi-
fied with the old Sanskrit word glau or gláv, “the
moon," which is found in the Unádi Sútras and
the old lexicons? Some passages were quoted
from Sanskrit poets, describing the " 'glamour-
sight" produced by the moon. He also read a
paper on the Hindu idea of the relative harshness
and softness of letters.-Mr. Fennell read a paper
'On the Interpretation of the Nicomachean Ethics,
v. 5, § 12'-Mr. Jackson read a few remarks upon
Mr. Fennell's paper.

MON.

MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
British Architects, 8.

Royal Academy, 8.- Chemistry,' Mr. F. S. Barff.

Society of Arts, 8.-Alcohol: its Action and its Use,' Lec-
ture II., Dr. B. W Richardson (Cantor Lecture).
Geographica, 8.- Report of the Livingstone Congo Expe-
dition,' Lieut. W. T. Grandy.

TUES. Statistical, 7.-Value of Death-Rates as a Test of Sanitary
Condition,' Mr. N. A. Humphreys.

Civil Engineers, 8.- New South Breakwater at Aberdeen,' Mr.
W. D. Cay; Extension of South Jetty at Kustendjie,'' Mr.
G. L. Roff.

ZOOLOGICAL.-Dec. 1.-Dr. A. Günther, V.P., in the chair.-The Secretary read a Report on the additions made to the Society's Menagerie during November, and called particular attention to a male Humboldt's Saki (Pithecia monachus), three examples of the Night Parrot (Stringops habroptilus), and an Orange-bellied Helictis (Helectis subaurantiaca), purchased during the month. He also announced that Col. R. S. Tickell had presented to the Society's library an illustrated MS. work, in seven small folio volumes, on the Ornithology of India.-Letters and communications were read from the Rev. S. J. Whitmee, stating that he had sent home for the Society some birds and a pair of the Samoan Bat, which had lately been described by Mr. Alston as Pteropus Whitmeei, from Mr. H. W. Piers, On some Speci- WED. Meteorological, 7.-'Atmospheric Pressure and Rainfall,' Mr. mens of Gymnetrus in the Museum at Cape Town,'-from Mr. J. Brazier, 'On Eleven New Species of Terrestrial and Marine Shells from North-East Australia,'-by Messrs. P. L. Sclater and O. Salvin, 'On Birds Collected by Mr. Whitely in Western Peru,' being the eighth communication made by the authors on this subject, -from Mr. H. Whitely, 'On Humming - Birds collected by him in High Peru,'-by Mr. A. G. Butler, 'On three new species of Homopterous Insects from various parts of the World,'-and by Mr. A. H. Garrod, "On the Mechanism of the "show off" in the Bustards, and the peculiar structure of the frenum linguæ recently noticed in a young male of the Great Bustard.'

J. C. Bloxam; Remarks on West India Cyclones.' Mr. H. F. Jahncke; Notes on the Weather experienced over the British Isles and the North-West of France during the first few Days of October, 1874,' Mr. R. H. Scott: On a New Self-Registering Hygrometer.' Messrs. Negretti & Zambra; Results of Meteorological Observations made at, and near, St. Paul's Island, in the South Indian Ocean,' Mr. R. H. Scott Literature, 8.-Classification of Manuscripts, chiefly in Relation to the Classed Catalogue in the British Museum,' Mr. W. De Gray Birch.

Geological, 8-Graptolites of the Arenig and Llandeilo Rocks
of St. David's,' Messrs. J. Hopkinson and C. Lapworth; 'Age
and Correlations of the Plant-Bearing Series of India, and
the former Existence of an Indo-Oceanic Continent," Mr.
H. F. Blanford; Kimmeridge Clay of England,' Rev. J. F.
Blake.

Society of Arts, 8.-Adjourned Discussion' On the Expediency
of Protection for Inventions.'
THURS. Linnean, 8.- Bees and Wasps,' Sir J. Lubbock; Diagnoses of
New Genera and Species of Hydroida.' Prof. Allman.
Royal Academy, 8.- Chemistry,' Mr. F. S. Barff.
Chemical. 8-On Grove's Method of Preparing Chlorides,"
Dr. C. Schorlemmer; Precipitation of Metals by Zinc,' Mr.
J. Davies; Paraffin existing in Pennsylvanian Petroleum,'
Mr. T. Morgan; Remarks on the preceding Paper, Dr. C.
Schorlemmer.

FRI.

SAT.

Royal, 8).

Philological, 8.- Phonetic Changes in Persian,' Prof. Rieu.
Royal Academy, 8.-' Chemistry," Mr. F. S. Barff.

Science Gossip.

CHEMICAL.-Dec. 3.-Mr. W. H. Perkin in the chair. The papers read were: 'On the Formula of the Alums,' by Mr. S. Lupton,-'On the Colour of Cupric Chloride,' by Mr. W. N. Hartley, who CAPT. NARES is expected to arrive in this finds that the crystals of the salt, when quite dry, have a blue colour, and not a green, as they country about the 23rd. It is now definitely usually appear when slightly moist, On the settled that the route followed by the Expedition under his command shall be that by Smith Sound. Oxidation of the Essential Oils, Part II.,' by Mr. C. T. Kingzett,-On the Purification and Boiling-The Admiralty have addressed themselves to the Point of Methyl Hexyl Carbinol,' by Mr. E. Neison, and Note on the Boiling-Point of Methyl Hexyl Carbinol,' by Dr. C. Schorlemmer.

MICROSCOPICAL.-Dec. 2.-C. Brooke, Esq.,
President, in the chair.-Messrs. J. H. Martin, J.
Badcock, and A. K. Coles were elected Fellows.-
Rev. J. B. Reade, formerly President of the Society,
A number of photographic likenesses of the late

were sent for distribution amongst the Fellows by
Dr. G. C. Wallich.-A paper, by Dr. Hudson, 'On
the Discovery of some New Male Rotifers,' was

Councils of the Royal Geographical Society and furnish suggestions regarding the scientific questhe Royal Society, and asked those bodies to tions that should be kept in view during the Expedition.

THE telegrams received up to the time of our going to press, and for copies of which we are tions made on Wednesday of the Transit of Venus. indebted to the courtesy of the Astronomer-Royal, seem to augur well for the success of the observa

M. BORELLY discovered a new comet at Mar

seilles about four o'clock on the morning of the

DR. HECTOR'S Report on the Museum and Laboratory of the New Zealand Geological Survey, informs us that a systematic handbook to the Fauna of the colony is to be prepared as a companion to Dr. Hooker's handbook of the Flora ; that large and important additions have been made to the collection of New Zealand fossils, chief among them being a series of upper mesozoic fossils found associated with reptilian remains. These are to be placed, for publication, in the hands of an experienced paleontologist in this country; and that a Catalogue has been published of tertiary fossils, which will prove of great assistance in advancing the geological survey on a more accurate basis of classification than has hitherto been possible.

IT has been pointed out to us that we were mistaken in saying last week that Dr. Gilchrist bequeathed his fortune to London University: he bequeathed it to five trustees for the advancement of education and learning. The present trustees are— Mr. W. B. Hume (son of Joseph Hume), Sir E. Ryan, Mr. R. L. Holland (nephew of Dr. Charles Holland, one of the original trustees), Mr. E. Bowring, and Mr. R. M. Verity.

Ir has been determined by M. Forel that the chemical action of the Sun's rays in summer ceases, in the Lake of Geneva, at the depth of between forty and fifty mètres. The depth to which the chemical rays penetrate in water has never before been determined. M. Forel has communi

cated his researches in a memoir to the Société

Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles.

WHEN the vapour of bisulphide of carbon is mixed with nitric oxide gas, the mixture, on ignition, burns with an intensely luminous flame of high actinic power, but of only momentary duration. MM. Delachanel and Mermet have, however, recently succeeded in producing a lamp in which this gaseous mixture may be conveniently burnt, and thus applied to photographic purposes. The nitric oxide is generated by the action of iron on a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, and after mixture with vapour of bisulphide of carbon, the mixed gases are burnt in a kind of Bunsen's burner, the products of combustion being rapidly carried off by a chimney. For the purposes of the photographer this new flame is said to be superior to that of the magnesium lamp, whilst it is estimated to have twice the chemical power of the oxyhydrogen flame, and three times that of the electric light.

As far back as 1824, M. F. Edwards was led to conclude that the complete development of the frog could not take place in the absence of light. Other observers, however, arrived at different results from their experiments, and the question is still fairly open to discussion. A contribution to this subject has recently been made by Prof. Schnetzler, of Lausanne, in the shape of an interesting paper, entitled 'De l'Influence de la Lumière sur le Développement des Larves de Grenouilles.' The eggs of the common frog (Rana temporaria) were taken from a pond last March, some being placed in vessels of colourless glass, and some in those of green glass, whilst in other respects they were exposed, as far as possible, to similar physical conditions. These comparative experiments showed that the development of the tadpole was greatly retarded by the green light. The writer is disposed to connect this imperfect growth with the want of ozone, experiments having shown that, whilst ozone was present in the white vessel, no traces of it could be found in the green glass.

MR. HENRY F. BLANFORD, who has for many years filled the office of Meteorological Reporter to

the Government of Bengal, has been appointed
Meteorological Superintendent of the whole of

India.

66

IN the Journal of the Franklin Institute for October, Prof. A. H. Thurston gives a very satisfactory account of the Messrs. Stevens, of Hoboken, as engineers, naval architects, and philanthropists." Mr. Edwin A. Stevens provided for the Stevens Institute of Technology, appropriating nearly a million of dollars to this great object. His brother ranks amongst the greatest of American

mechanics and of naval architects.

November 23, M. Bertrand was elected perpetual
Ar the Séance of the Académie des Sciences for
Secretary for the Section of Mathematical Sciences,
in the place of M. Élie de Beaumont.
THE Report of the Trustees of the Anderson
School of Natural History at Penikese Island for
1873, the first year of its existence, is before us.
It will be remembered that Mr. Anderson placed
this island in Buzzard's Bay at the disposal of
Prof. Agassiz, for the establishment of a Summer
School of Natural History, and that for the equip
ment and running expenses of the school he
endowed it with fifty thousand dollars. The
Report of the Director is in the highest degree
satisfactory.

THE Proceedings of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, from May, 1873, to May, 1874,
which we have received, is a goodly volume, con-
taining several interesting and important papers.
THE Results of Observations in Meteorology,
Terrestrial Magnetism, &c., taken at the Mel-
bourne Observatory during the year 1872, together
with abstracts from meteorological observations
obtained at various localities in Victoria, published
under the superintendence of Robert L. J. Ellery,
the Government astronomer, as Volume I. of a

contemplated series, has been sent us. It is a
valuable contribution towards a knowledge of the

peculiarities of the climate of Victoria, and of the
laws by which it is regulated.

FINE ARTS

strawberry, which is, however, a little too mechani cal, is delicious in colour.-The Last Glower of t Sun on Cader Idris (3), by Mr. J. Mogo is one of several capital, pathetic, but so what scenic landscapes. The subject is one of the grandest in Europe, and Mr. Mogford has painted it with much feeling. In the Valley of the Mai dach (31), by the same, although also scris is good, and the success with which the romantie beauty of the place has been given is really charming. The execution is mechanical to a grea degree than is usual in the artist's works. Broadly and shade have been carefully studied, so that the speaking, however, the merits of the painting redeem it, and this is the case because the light picture has perfect homogeneity, and, the al being in a high natural key, ample force of tone, and broad local fidelity. Other examples by the same artist are open to remarks similar to the above.

The Corso Vittorio Emmanuele, Milan (5) by Mr. W. Wyld gives a vista of a street closed in innumerable pinnacles and statues, and has a the distance by the famous cathedral, with its rare charm as it renders, with noble richness, freedom and breadth, the lighting and local

colouring of many fronts of old buildings Among the better portions is the house, a modern one of stone, standing on our right in front, an admirable piece of work, which in some respecta recalls the success of Prout without displaying crude mechanism, such as that of the reed pen, which it is one of the modern fallacies of taste to admire, although it was really a mere trick, such as drawing-masters affect, and had nothing to do with Prout's real merits.-A Walk in the Country (15), by Mr. C. Green, a portrait of a lady, is agreeably painted, and above the average of merit in water-colour portraiture. The general keeping of the work is capital; the background being, however, needlessly slight and purposeless -Washing-Day (18), by Mr. E. H. Fahey, is, like many former examples by him, hard and exact, but sadly defective in wealth of local colouring; bright, strong, and well-considered as it is, it is greatly injured by this defect. Sea View (283), b the same, is good; also Waiting at the Door, Satch

EXHIBITION of CABINET PICTURES in OIL, Dudley Gallery,
-Open daily from 10 till 5.-Admittance, 18; Catalogue, 6d.
GEORGE L. HALL, Hon. Sec.
INSTITUTE of PAINTERS in WATER COLOURS.-The NINTH
WINTER EXHIBITION of SKETCHES and STUDIES is NOW
OPEN from Ten to Six-Admission, 18. Catalogue, 6d. -Gallery, 53,
Pall Mall.
H. F. PHILLIPS, Secretary.

Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. The EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION from Nature, (287) is sunny and softer than usual,

NEW BRITISH INSTITUTION GALLERY, 39B, Old Bond Street. -The TENTH EXHIBITION of SELECT PICTURES by BRITISH and FOREIGN (chiefly Belgian) ARTISTS, with numerous additions, is NOW OPEN.-Admission, including Catalogue, 18.

The TENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of WATER-COLOUR
DRAWINGS, by Artists of the British and Foreign Schools, is NOW
OPEN at T. McLean's New Gallery, 7, Haymarket, next the Theatre.
-Admission, 18., including Catalogue.

and so much broader that it is most acceptable.

M. J. Israëls sends The First Sail (21), children at play on a beach, a capital sketch, in a conventional style proper to the painter. See The Fisherman's Return (325), by the same.—Mr. W. L. Thomas's Spring, Clevedon on the Thames, (23) is an original and cleverly-treated sketch from nature, slightly worked up in the studio, and depicts a gleam in rainy weather flying over a bank of pale foliage on the margin of the river. This picture has the merit which is rarer here than in other

IS NOW OPEN, the NINTH EXHIBITION of the SOCIETY of exhibitions, and is scarce at all times, i.e., a spon

FRENCH ARTISTS, 168, New Bond Street Daily, from Half-past
Nine till Six.-Admission, One Shilling. The Galleries are lighted-up
at dusk.
CH. DESCHAMPS, Secretary.

DORE'S GREAT PICTURE of 'CHRIST LEAVING the PRE-
TORIUM,' with Dream of Pilate's Wife,' 'Night of the Crucifixion,'
Christian Martyrs,' 'Crusaders,' &c., at the DORÉ GALLERY,
35, New Bond Street. Ten to Six.-18.-Brilliantly lighted at dusk and
on dull days.

The

taneous and well-supported conception of a peculiar
effect of light, ably assisted by the introduction of
a group
of white swans, in the glare which falls on
the water near us. See also, by the same,
Devil's Dyke (129) and A Summer Morning on the
Thames (311).-Hair-Cutting Day at a Charity
School (27), by Mr. H. Carter, reflects, with a

TWELVE MONTHS IN VENICE. NOW the
Mall, Mr. KEELEY HALSWELLE'S Original PAINTINGS and
SKETCHES of VIEWS in VENICE.-Admission from Ten till Five
(including Catalogue), 18.

Galleries of Messrs. Thomas Agnew and Sous, 5, Waterloo Place, Fall good deal of tact, the manner of M. Israels, and

THE INSTITUTE OF PAINTERS IN WATER COLOURS.
WINTER EXHIBITION.

THIS is a much more interesting Exhibition than
is usually to be found in the gallery of the Institute
at this time of year, and, indeed, it is above
the average of the gatherings of the summer
season. As the number of works which call for
notice is small, it will be convenient to take them
in the order of the Catalogue, grouping each artist's
productions. This mode of treating the subject
brings to the front Mr. Sherrin's A Branch of
Plums (No. 2), which, compared with what we have
already seen by him, shows great improve
ment, though the handling remains hard, and
the colour needs richness, that is to say, diver-
sity of tints, the fruit being still rather crude. A

shows a hall and staircase in an old school-house, with the hair-dresser operating upon one of the pupils, who sits in a chair; other boys wait their capital turns, and gossip near a window. This is a piece of effect, over-brown in the shadows, and rather slight in its handling; but its elements are so well put together, forming a broad and effective whole, that a trifle has become a picture.-There is a crudity in the colouring of all Mr. H. Herkomer's drawings which repels those who may be able to enjoy their general brilliancy, and who are qualified to appreciate the care with which some of their parts have been produced, e. g., the faces are solidly modelled, and the boughs and trees in the artist's pictures are delicately drawn. See, on these points, his A Gossip (40), a sunlit garden in spring; servants chattering across a fence. The verdure of a grass-plat is as transparent as glass Mr. Herkomer loves what other people find to be