. CONSTANTINOPLE. BY NICHOLAS MICHELL TALES OF MY DRAGOMAN. BY BASIL MAY. No. VIII.-THE ANECDOTES OF EARTHQUAKES. BY AN OLD TRAVELLER CHAPMAN AND HALL, 193, PICCADILLY. To whom all Communications for the Editor are to be addressed. REJECTED ARTICLES CANNOT BE RETURNED. SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITING, BEAUFORT HOUSE, STRAND. LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL PREPARED FOR MEDICINAL USE IN THE LOFFODEN AND PUT TO THE TEST OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. THE MOST EFFECTUAL REMEDY FOR CONSUMPTION, BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA, GOUT, CHRONIC RHEUMATISM, AND ALL SCROFULOUS DISEASES. APPROVED of and recommended by BERZELIUS, LIEBIG, WOEHLER, JONATHAN PEREIRA, FOUQUIER, and numerous other eminent Medical Men and scientific Chemists in Europe. Specially rewarded with Medals by the Governments of Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds on the Continent, in consequence of its proved superior power and efficacy-effecting a Cure much more rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the bile-in short, all its most active and essential principles-in larger quantities than the Pale Oils made in England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly of these by their mode of preparation. A Pamphlet by DR. DE JONGH, with detailed remarks upon its superiority, Directions for Use, Cases in which it has been prescribed with the greatest success, and Testimonials, forwarded gratis on application. The following are selected from some of the leading Medical and Scientific Testimonials, in favour of Dr. De Jongh's Cod Liver Oil. BARON LIEBIG, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Giessen, &c., &c. "SIR,-I have the honour of addressing you my warmest thanks for your attention in forwarding me your work on the chemical composition and properties, as well as the medicinal effects, of various kinds of Cod Liver Oil. "You have rendered an essential service to science by your researches, and your efforts to provide sufferers with this medicine in its purest and most genuine state must ensure you the gratitude of every one who stands in need of its use. "I have the honour of remaining, with expressions of the highest regard and esteem, "Giessen, Oct. 30, 1847. "Yours sincerely, "To Dr. De Jongh, at the Hague." The late Dr. JONATHAN PEREIRA, Professor at the University of London, Author of the "Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics," &c., &c. "MY DEAR SIR,-I was very glad to find from you, when I had the pleasure of seeing you in London, that you were interested commercially in Cod Liver Oil. It was fitting that the Author of the best analysis and investigations into the properties of this oil should himself be the purveyor of this important medicine. "I feel, however, some diffidence in venturing to fulfil your request by giving you my opinion of the quality of the oil of which you gave me a sample; because I know that no one can be better, and few so well, acquained with the physical and chemical properties of this medicine as yourself, whom I regard as the highest authority on the subject. "I can, however, have no hesitation about the propriety of responding to your application. The oil which you gave me was of the very finest quality, whether considered with reference to its colour, flavour, or chemical properties; and I am satisfied that, for medicinal purposes, no finer oil can be procured. "With my best wishes for your success, believe me, my dear sir, to be very faithfully (Signed) yours, "JONATHAN PEREIRA. Sold Wholesale and Retail, in Bottles, labelled with Dr. De Jongh's Stamp and Signature, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & Co., 77, Strand, Sole Consignees and Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions; and by all respectable Chemists and Vendors of Medicine in Town and Country, at the following Prices: IMPERIAL MEASURE, HÄLF PINTS, 2s. 6d.; PINTS, As. 94,POT NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. THE LAST DAYS OF CHARLES THE FIFTH. HISTORY presents us with several remarkable instances of great men retiring from public life into privacy and seclusion. None, however, can compare to Charles V., who in 1556 exchanged the crowns of kingdoms for the seclusion of a monastery. The only historical parallel to such a renunciation of power is the involuntary abdication of Napoleon the Great; but, in the latter, the renown, ability, and power, are the only points of similitude, the chief point, that of voluntary abdication of the pleasures and pomp of greatness, is wanting. Hence the peculiar interest attaching itself to the history of the last days of Charles V. His contemporaries, as the old Pope Paul IV., dismissed the subject from their minds by adopting as a received fact that the emperor had lost his senses; historians, as Robertson and Sandoval, were equally wide of the mark when they pictured the statesman and warrior as a humble ascetic, clothed in serge, immured in the solitude of a cloister, and given up to nothing but pious exercises. The light thrown in modern times upon the last days of Charles V. has had one common source. This is a large MSS. volume, written by Tomas Gonzalez, designated "Retiro, estancia y muerte del Emperador Carlos Quinto en el Monasterio de Yuste." This MSS. was left by Tomas to his brother, Manuel Gonzalez, keeper of the archives of Simancas, and he sold it for 160l. to the French government. This MSS. was the basis of Mr. Stirling's charming work, "The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V.," and of M. Amédée Pichot's interesting Chronique de la vie intérieure et politique de Charles Quint."* M. Mignet has been enabled to add to this invaluable source of information others not less important and interesting, derived from the archives of Simancas, and collected and published by M. Gachard, under the title of "Retraite et Mort de Charles Quint au Monastère de Yuste." The last work constitutes an essential complement to all that has hitherto been published upon the subject. What adds still more to the value of M. Gachard's work is, that he has also been able to avail himself of a memoir on the conventual life of Charles V., discovered only four years ago among the archives of the feudal court of Brabant, written by a monk living in the convent at the time; and the narrative of the monk is more circumstantial and satisfactory than even that of the Prior Fray Martin de Angulo himself, and who has been almost the sole authority with Sandoval in his " Vida del Emperador Carlos Quinto en Yuste." It appears from these new materials thus obtained and compared with one another, and certain inedited despatches of which M. Mignet has We regret to have received M. Amédée Pichot's work so late this month as not to have been able to incorporate some of the curious facts which that distinguished writer has eliminated, regarding the habits and manners of the illustrious recluse, into the present article. The subject is, however, far too interesting to be passed over cursorily, and we shall gladly avail ourselves of M. Pichot's researches on a future occasion. Aug.-VOL. CI. NO. CCCCIV. 2 c * also been able to avail himself in his newly-published work, that Charles V. entertained the idea of withdrawing from the pomps and vanities of the world from a much earlier period in life than has hitherto been supposed. An inedited letter of the Portuguese ambassador, Lorenzo Pirez, to King John III., dated 16th January, 1557, and for reference to which M. Mignet expresses his obligations to Viscount Santarem, attests that Charles V. first entertained this idea upon the occasion of his narrowly escaping shipwreck on his return from the expedition to Tunis in 1535. In 1539 the death of his beloved wife, the Empress Isabella, revived the feeling in still greater intensity. The contemplation of the quick destruction that awaited upon human beauty and power alike, and the narrow home to which both were ultimately consigned, made the resolve to withdraw from the world so fixed, that he actually shut himself up for a time in a convent of Hieronymite monks at Sysla. At the time when Charles V. first entertained these ideas of religious seclusion he was scarcely forty years of age, and at the height of his power. The responsibilities of his position, and the necessity of providing for a safe succession to the throne, alone delayed the execution of this desire, which, as years rolled on, became increased by the infirmities which overtook him, and which were a natural consequence of his incessant activity, his mode of life, and of holding in his hands a power too great and too much dispersed to be within the compass of the genius and the administrative capacities of one man. Of middle height, but well set, Charles V. had been remarkable in his early days for his prowess in the chase, the tournament, and in all athletic exercises. He had even entered the arena to combat with bulls.. The remarkable activity and vigour of his intellect were betokened in his spacious forehead, and interpreted in his penetrating look. A defect in the lower part of the face was, however, as injurious to his health as much as it detracted from his looks. The lower jaw advanced beyond the upper one so much, that when he closed his mouth his teeth did not meet. The teeth themselves were also few in number, and very irregularly disposed, so that he stammered a little, and digested badly. His appetite was as capacious as his intellect. The Englishman, Roger Asham, has recorded the surprise he experienced at witnessing the emperor's voracity. Boiled beef, roast mutton, baked leveret, stewed capon, nothing came wrong. Five times, says the venerable chronicler, he dipped his head into his glass, and each time he did not drink less than a quarter of a gallon (a quart) of Rhenish wine. Van Male, the emperor's ayuda de cámara, complained bitterly that even when ill he could not dispense with his usual dishes and drinks. His wine was always iced, and his beer, which he imbibed the first thing in the morning, was left all night in the open air to cool. He was particularly partial to fish, and to the horror of his attendants he eat his oysters raw as well as boiled and roasted! The emperor was also given to certain pleasures, in which, according to the expression of a contemporaneous ambassador, il ne portait pas une volonté assez moderée; il se les procurait partout on il se trouvait, *Charles-Quint son Abdication, son Séjour et sa Mort au Monastère de Yuste., Par M. Mignet, Membre de l'Académie Française. avec des dames de grande et aussi de petite condition. Excesses in the cabinet and the field, at table and in the boudoir, soon brought this great mind and powerful frame low. In 1518 he had an epileptic fit when playing at tennis; and in 1519 he was struck down when attending mass at Saragossa. Gout assailed him by the time he was thirty years of age. Its attacks, more and more frequent and more and more prolonged, bore more particularly in his hands and knees. He could not always affix his signature when wanted, and often when he was in the field he could not mount his horse, but had to follow the army in a litter. Thus assailed by infirmities, tormented in addition by asthma, subject to a flux of a most exhausting character, irritated by cutaneous irruptions on his right hand and in his feet, his beard and hair prematurely grey, he felt his strength and capabilities abandoning him at the very time that the aspect of affairs was most threatening. Add to all this, Charles V. had a decided inclination for religious exercises. To use the words of his biographer, "The perusal of the Old and New Testaments possessed great attractions for him; the poetry of the Psalms struck his imagination and stirred his soul. The magnificence of the Catholic ceremonies, the affecting grandeur of the expiatory sacrifice in the mass, the music mingled with prayer, the beauty of the arts relieving the austerity of the dogma, the mediatory power of the Church giving succour by absolution, and reassuring the weakness of the man and the anxiety of the Christian by repentance, all combined to retain him with fervour in the olden form of worship." " His policy also, it would appear, helped in no small degree to confirm him in the olden faith. Successor to those Catholic monarchs who had recovered the Spanish peninsula from the Moors; possessor of a great part of that Italy in the centre of which was placed the seat of apostolic tradition and Christian government; chief elect of that holy Roman empire whose crown, from Charlemagne to his own day, had been placed on the forehead of the emperor by the Pope's hands; he was bound to preserve and to defend the ancient creed of his ancestors and of these different realms, and the hereditary worship with which were associated the fidelity of his subjects, the principle of existence of many of his states, and the solid grandeur of his domination. This sense of duty, this feeling of political necessity, may have served. in no small degree to uphold the fervour of Charles V.'s religious convictions. He attended several masses in the day. He communicated at the great festivals. Upwards of an hour every morning was devoted to religious meditation. He had even composed prayers himself. His last political and warlike efforts were directed against Protestant ascendancy in Germany; they were those also which were attended with the least success of any undertakings which marked his once brilliant career. Charles V. having decided upon cloistral seclusion, the Hieronymite monks obtained his preference. They constituted an order which was almost exclusively Spanish, having been founded by a few hermits of the Peninsula, who in 1373 obtained the authority of Pope Gregory XI. to unite in religious congregations under the name of St. Jerome and the rules of St. Augustin. Their first monastery had arisen at San Bartholome de Lupiana, near Guadalajara, on one of the airy heights of Old Castile. From thence they had |