Dicks. H.S.-(Curt. E.) E. Bot. 22-Ludw. 95.-Hall. 35. 2, at ii. p. 148 -Kniph. 6-Walc.-Dod. 237.2-Lob. Obs. 88. 2, ic. i. 178. 1—Ger. Em. 211. 2-Park. 1351. 7-Pet. 68. 11-Ger. 165. 9-H. Ox. xii. 12. 18J. B. ii. 771-Matth. 880. 2-Fl. Dan. 235-Blackw. 588-Flowers only, Vaill. 30. 7-Seguier, 15. 10.

(Stem twelve to eighteen inches high, ribbed; with two large radical leaves, attenuated at the base; and three or four cauline ones, small spearshaped. Flowers numerous, yellowish white, in an oblong spike, fragrant, especially in an evening. E.) Leaves shining underneath, as if varnished.

BUTTERFLY ORCHIS. (Welsh: Tegeirian dwyddalenawg. Habenaria bi-
folio. Br. Hook. Moist meadows, pastures, and marshy places.
On mountains frequent. Pentland Hills, Edinburgh. Greville. E.)
Shotover Hill and Tarwood, Oxfordshire. Sibthorpe. (Very common in
mountainous pastures in North Wales. Mr. Griffith. Woods between
Longridge and Shepscombe, Painswick. Mr. O. Roberts. Norberry
Park, Surry. Castle Eden Dean, Durham. Mr. Winch. Downs near
Mullian, Cornwall. Rev. J. P. Jones. In a plantation near the Saltisford
Common, Warwick. Perry. E.)
P. May-June.

Var. 1. Leaves exactly oval.

There' does not seem to be any figure of this variety. Plant full two feet high; leaves either two or three, six inches long and three wide. Shortwood, near Pucklechurch. Rev. G. Swayne. Woods and shady lanes, Leicestershire, common. Pulteney. Woods at Envil, Staffordshire.

Two other varieties have been noticed by Ray, which may be thus characterized.

Var. 2. Leaves two, egg-spear-shaped.

J. B. ii. 772-Park. 1350-Ger. 162-Ger. Em. 211. 1-Lob. Ic. 178. 2. These references are given by Ray, who remarks, that the flowers are few, white, thinly set, extremely fragrant; lip narrow; spur very long; leaves two, broad, like those of lilies.

Var. 3. Leaves two or three, spear-shaped.

J. B. ii. 771. with three leaves-Park. 1351-Ger. Em. 211. 2 Lob. Ic

178.1.

Such are the references of Ray, who also says, that it is a lower plant than the preceding, not above nine inches high; that the root-leaves are three in number, narrower than in Var. 2; that it is found in pastures, and flowers a month later.

I have now before me several specimens gathered in June in the New Forest near the Monument of Rufus, which agree with Var. 2, and amongst them is one with three leaves, and another with four, acutely spearshaped, and only seven inches high. The greenish white colour of the blossoms, and the great length of the horn, sufficiently distinguish this from all other British species.

O. PYRAMIDA'LIS. Lip of the nectary bicornate, three-cleft: segments equal; very entire: horn long: petals somewhat spear-shaped. (Hook. Fl. Lond. 106. E.)-Jacq. Austr. 266-Ray, 18. at p. 377-Hall. 35. 1. at ii. p. 148-E. Bot. 110-Pet. 68. 4-J. B. ii. 764. 1-Clus. i. 269. 1 -Ger. Em. 210. 4—Park. 1349. 4-Flowers only, Vaill. 31. 38.

Stem nine to twelve inches high, jointed. Leaves five or six; spear-shaped, acute, membranous. Floral leaves spear-shaped, coloured, as long as the germen. Flowers purple. Petals egg-spear-shaped, three approaching, the two lateral ones expanding, reflexed. Lip broad, with two oblong longitudinal protuberances at the base. Linn. Spike short, compact, pyramidal; horn filiform, longer than the germen. Stem and leaves of a silky glossiness; leaves strap-spear-shaped, (pale. E.) The gibbous protuberances on the lip of the nectary give, as remarked by Smith, the distinguishing character of this species.

PYRAMIDAL ORCHIS. (Welsh: Tegeirian hera; Tegeirian cóchyr hûf. E.)
Meadows and pastures, especially in calcareous soil. (Rare in Scotland.
Near Triloran, in the isle of Colonsay. Lightfoot. About Stocking-
wood, Leicestershire, rare. Pulteney. Road sides in the northern parts
of Northamptonshire. Mr. Pitt. Fields near Houghton-le-Spring, and
Castle Eden, Durham. Mr. Winch. Ragley Park, opposite Kingley;
Cleve Hill; and Grafton, Warwickshire. Purton. Tywyn y Capal,
Holyhead. Welsh Bot. E.)
P. June-July.

Var. 2. Fl. alb. Flowers white. Chalk-pit Close. Relhan. (And on
Bordean Hill, Hampshire. Pulteney.

Mr. D. Stock, of Bungay, has observed this plant with flowers destitute of spur and lip; each flower had a calyx of three coloured leaves, and three petals, all quite uniform; the organs of fructification being placed in the centre. Mag. Nat. Hist. i. 379. E.)

O. MO'RIO. (Knobs of the root oval: lip of the nectary four-cleft, somewhat crenate; spur obtuse, ascending; calyx (petals) manyribbed, converging. Sm. E.)

Curt.-(E. Bot. 2059. E.)—Walc.—Dod. 286. 2—Lob. Obs. 88. i.; Ic. i. 176. 2.-Ger. Em. 208. 2-Park. 1347. 4-Ger. 158. 6—Fuch. 559-J. B. ii. 761. 3. Lonic. i. 202. 1—Hall. 33. 2, at ii. p. 144—Fl. Dan. 253—Vaill. 31. 13. and 14, flowers only.

(Stem six to twelve inches high. Leaves paler, and silvery or shining beneath, spear-shaped, embracing the stem. E.) Flowers purple, rather few. Petals all obtuse, marked with approximating lines. Flowers six to twelve, loosely disposed. Horn shorter than the germen. Lip of the nectary very broad, the middle segment spotted with purple. Leaves sometimes spotted. Stackh. Differs from O. mascula as follows: Stem lower. Spike of fewer flowers. Bulbs small, round, one fixed to the base of the stem, the other connected by a fibre the thickness of a packthread, and half an inch long. Petals, the three upper forming the hood, and covering the lower ones, always scored with three or five greenish veins. Woodw. The green lines on the petals distinguish it from every other Orchis., Ray. (The masses of pollen, formerly taken for anthers, split each into two lobes. Sm. E.)

Var. 1. Flowers flesh-coloured, or white. Ray.

NUNS, about Nottingham.

MEADOW ORCHIS. (Welsh: Tegeirian y waun. E.) Moist meadows and pastures. P. May-June.

O. MAS'CULA. Lip of the nectary four-lobed, finely scolloped horn obtuse: exterior petals reflexed.

(This is one species from which the roots are obtained for making the beverage called Salep, or Saloop.

(Dicks H. S.-E. Bot. 631. E.)-Curt. 121-Hall. 33. 1. at ii. p. 144Kniph. 7-Woodv. 90-Fl. Dan. 457-Sheldr. 16-Dod. 236. 1–Ĺob. Obs. 87.3; Ic. i. 176. 1-Ger. Em. 208. 1-Park 1346. 1-Walc.-Blackw. 53 -Fuch. 555-J. B. ii. 763. 1-Lonic. 1. 201. 1- Matth. 882-Ger. 158. 5-Flowers only, Vaill. 31. 12 and 11.

Very closely allied to O. morio, but differing as follows: Stem twice as tall. Flowers numerous. The two petals on the back not approaching to a helmet form. The middle lobe of the lip smallest. Linn. Bulbs oval, both fixed to the base of the stem. Stem twelve to fifteen inches high. Leaves spear-shaped, bright green and shining above, sea green underneath, with longitudinal parallel veins, usually with large purplish brown spots. Floral leaves longer than the germen. Flowers of a darker or paler purple, rarely white. Petals, the two lateral ones upright, and bent back to back, the middle ones expanding and lying over the two lower ones, which are closely approaching, and of a paler colour. Lip of the nectary dotted towards the base, broad, with three lobes, the side ones roundish, scolloped, the middle ones notched at the end. Horn as long as the germen, broadest and somewhat compressed at the end. Woodw. (Masses of pollen yellow, undivided. Sm. E.)

EARLY SPOTTED ORCHIS. (Welsh: Hosanau'rgog; Tegeirian cóch y gwanwyn. E.) Meadows and pastures. P. May.

O. USTULATA. Lip of the nectary four-cleft, rough with prominent points: horn obtuse, (very short. E.); petals distinct, (leaves lanceolate. E.)

Dicks. H. S.-(Hook. Fl. Lond. E.)-Hall. 28. 2. at ii. p. 140-E. Bot. 18— Fl. Dan. 103-Clus. i. 268. 1-Ger. Em. 207-Park. 1345-J. B. ii.

Mr. Moult, in a letter to Dr. Percival, inserted in Phil. Tr. lix. describes his method of making Salep. The best time to gather the roots, he observes, is when the seed is formed, and the stalk going to fall: for then the new bulb, of which Salep is made, is arrived at its full size. The new roots being separated from the stalk, are to be washed in water, and the outer thin skin taken off. They are then to be set on a tin plate, in an oven heated to the degree of a bread oven. In six, eight, or ten minutes, they will have acquired a transparency like horn, without being diminished in size. They are then to be removed into another room to dry and harden, which will be done in a few days; or they may be finished in a very slow heat in a few hours.-Salep thus prepared may be sold for Jess than a shilling a pound, and affords a mild and wholesome nutriment, superior to rice, which in times of scarcity, in cases of dysentery and strangury, and on ship-board, may be extremely useful. See Percival's Essays, part ii. p. 37. - Mr. Moult made his experiments upon the roots of this species only. The preceding species is equally proper for the purpose, and it is highly probable that every species of Orchis may be used indiscriminately. Salep has been hitherto imported from Turkey at a considerable price, but it is to be hoped we shall no longer be provided from foreign markets, with an article that our country can supply in almost any quantity. If ever plantations of it are made, the plants must be propagated by roots, for the seeds seldom come to perfection. (Mr. Salisbury, in a communication to the Linn, Soc. (further noticed in our vol.i. p. 123) assures us that he finds no difficulty in raising plants from the seeds of many species of Orchideæ, among which O. mascula is particularly named, in his conservatory: and Mr. Hunter, Nurseryman, near Birmingham, has also succeeded in propagating plants of this tribe from seeds sown in a stove. The spikes of these flowers are supposed to be the " LongPurples" or "Dead-men's Fingers," of the gentle Ophelia's garland, previous to her mournful exit.

"There with fantastic garlands did she come,

"Of Crow-flowers, Nettles, Daisies, and Long-Purples." Though some have imagined the term thus introduced by the bard of Avon rather to have referred to the Cuckoo-pint, sometimes called “Bloody-men's Fingers" in Worcestershire.

F..)

765. 2—H. Ox. xii. 12. 20-Flowers only, Vaill. 31. 35. and 36—Seguier

15. 4.

Stem angular, (seldom more than three or four inches high. E.) Spike
compact, with nearly forty flowers. Floral leaves as long as the germen.
Horn much shorter. Petals purplish without; greenish white within.
Relh. Leaves five or six, spear-shaped. Spike egg-shaped, seldom an
inch in length. Lip with three divisions, the two outer segments ex-
panding, spear-shaped, entire, with one or two teeth, the middle one
Jonger, widening at the end, with two short lobes and an intermediate
point. Woodw. Nectary, middle segment of the lower lip always
cloven, with or without a small projecting point in the cleft.
(A white-flowered var. has been sometimes observed. E.)
DWARF ORCHIS. Dry meadows and pastures. Gogmagog Hills, New-
market Heath, and Barneck Heath, near Stamford. Woodward. On
Wick Cliffs, and on the Wiltshire Downs. Rev. G. Swayne. On Salisbury
Plain, particularly upon the barrows about Stonehenge. (Barton Hill,
Luton Downs, Bedfordshire. Abbot. In Nutford Field, near Blandford.
Pulteney. Sea banks at Ryhope; East side of Cleadon Hills, Durham.
Mr. Thornhill and Mr. Waugh, in Bot, Guide. About Dover. Shouldham
lime-kiln hill, Norfolk, but rare. Rev. R. Forby, ditto. Chalk bank,
Risby Heath, Suffolk. Sir G. T. Cullum, ditto. Back of Juniper Hill,
near Dorking. Mr. J. Woods, jun. ditto. At the Woodlands, near
Bridgnorth. Hall, in Purton. E.)
P. May-June.

O. MILITA'RIS. Lip of the nectary five-cleft; rough with dots: horn
blunt: petals confluent.

Flowers in a spike, purplish or ash-coloured. Petals growing together. Lip three cleft; middle segment longest. Spur short, rather blunt. Linn. but half the length of the germen.

Var. 2. Fusca. Lip three cleft; middle segment very broad, notched at the end, and a little point in the notch.

Curt. Jacq. Austr. 307-E. Bot. 16-Ray 19. 2. at p. 379-Hall. 31. at ii. p. 140-Flowers only, Vaill. 31. 27, 28-Seguier ii. 15. 2.

From eight to twelve inches high. Spike about three inches long. Leaves
egg-spear shaped. Bloss. varying much in colour, of a pale rose red,
with sometimes a greyish cast on the lip, and of a deeper purplish hue
on the upper petals.

With a greenish cast. Jacq. Ic. O. moravica. O. militaris purpurea. Huds.
Ed. ii. O. fusca. Curt.

BROAD-LIPPED MILITARY ORCHIS. O. militaris B. Linn. Fl. Brit. Jacq.
Austr. (and latterly considered a distinct species by Smith. E.) On dry
chalky soils, near woods and thickets. About Rochester, and near
Northfleet. (Marlow Wood in plenty. Mr. Gotobed; and woods
between High Wycombe and Great Marlow. Mr. J. Rayer, in Bot.
Guide. Near the old chalk pit by the paper mill at Harefield, Middlesex,
plentiful. Blackstone.
P. May-June.

Var. 3. Lip three-cleft, segments strap-shaped.
(Easily known by the narrow segments of the lip, and acuminated petals.
A delicate, smaller plant than the preceding, having a remarkably
abrupt termination to the spike of flowers. Bicheno.

Hook. Fl. Lond. 82-E. Bot. 1873. E.)-Hall. 28. 1. at ii. p. 140-Col.
Ecphr. i. 320. 2.-Ger. Em. 205. 2-Park. 1344-Fuch. 554-J. B.
ii. 755-Trag. 778-Flowers only, Faill. 31. 25 and 26.

3

NARROW-LIPPED MILITARY ORCHIS. (O. militaris. a. Fl. Brit. O. tephros anthos. Villars. Willd. Bicheno. Hook. Sm. Meadows and pastures in a chalky soil. Caversham Hills, by the Thames side, not far from Reading. It is found at present on the rising ground among the bushes W. of the great chalk-pit facing the Thames; but of uncertain produce. Bicheno. E.) P. May.

The greater or lesser breadth of the middle segment of the nectary, is the principal difference. (Smith remarks, that all the varieties, in drying, smell like new hay, and greatly vary and interchange with each other. E.)*

(2) Bulbs of the root hand-shaped.

O. LATIFO'LIA. Bulbs somewhat hand-shaped, straight: horn of the nectary conical: lip with three lobes; the lateral ones reflexed: floral leaves longer than the flowers.

(About a foot in height. Leaves sheathing the stem nearly to the top, from half an inch to an inch and a half in breadth. Bloss. purple, or pale red, rarely white, in a rather dense spike. Lip spotted and streaked. Prof. Hooker observes that this species may always be known by its slightly-lobed lip; its broad, nearly erect, and acuminated leaves; and especially by the bracteas, which are leafy and longer than the germens. E.) Bulbs divided into two or three fingers. Differs from O. maculata as follows: Floral-leaves longer than the flowers. Leaves nearly without spots. Stem hollow. Linn.

Var. 2. Linn. Middle segment of the lip blunt, as narrow again as the side ones, but of the same length.

Curt. 250-Mill. Ill.-Fl. Dan. 266-(E. Bot. 2308. E.)-Hall. 32. 2. at ii. 142-Dod. 240. 1-Lob. Obs. 90* 3. Ic. i. 188. 1-Ger. Em. 220. 1— Park. 1356. 1-Ger. 169. 1-J. B. ii. 774. 1-Blackw. 405-H. Ox. xii. 14. 2—Flowers only, Vaill. 31. 35. 4.

Bulbs cloven in two, each segment divided, and expanded. Spike oblong spear-shaped, one to two and a half inches long. St.

Var. 3. Linn. Middle segment of the lip egg-shaped, acuminate, as long again as the side ones.

Vaill. 31. 2 and 1-Walc.-Dod. 241-Lob. Obs. 91.* 3; Ic. i. 190. 1-Ger. Em. 222. 3-Park. 1358. 11-Ger. 171.8-Lob. Obs. 93. 1. Ic. i. 191. 2— Ger. Em. 226. 1—Ger. 174. 2—-Flowers only, Vaill. 31. 2 and 1—Park. 1360. 16.

In the same moist meadows with (1) between Battenhall and Worcester. Stokes.

BROAD-LEAVED HAND ORCHIS. MARSH PALMATE ORCHIS. (Welsh: Tegeirian y gors. E.) Moist meadows and pastures, and marshy ground, common. P. May-June. O. MACULA'TA. Bulbs expanding: horn of the nectary shorter than the germen: lip, flat (three-lobed, crenate: E.) petals on the back upright.

(Hook. Fl. Lond. 112—E. Bot. 632. E.)-Fl. Dan. 933-Hall. 32. 1. at ii. p. 142-Lonic. i. 203. 2-Dod. 240. 2-Lob. Obs. 90.* 4; Ic. i. 188. 2—

(See an attempt to elucidate these intricate varieties by Mr. Bicheno, in Linn. Tr. xii. E.)