case-ending retained in some words, and of course without significancy; as, Astrolabe, dome, (√ dem,) ode, (√ ad,) tome, tam,) tone, (✔ tan,) trope, (✔ trap,) type, (√ tup).

e, (Greek 7,) the Greek feminine termination in words imperfectly Anglicized, and of course having no peculiar significancy, and dropped before another suffix; as, Apočope, (pref. apo +✓ cop + suff. e,) whence apocopate; epitome, (pref. epi+tam + suff. e,) whence epitomize; hyperbole, (pref. hyper+bal + suff. e,) whence hyperbolic; paragoge, (pref. para+ag reduplicated + suff. e,) whence paragogic; strophe, (straph + suff. e).

ee, (Greek a10-5, 810-5,) forming names of prosodical feet; as, Trochee, (✓ trech + suff. ee,) spondee, (√ spend + suff. ee). en, for an, (Greek avo-s,) denoting the instrument; as, Stephen, proper name, (from ✓ steph).

ene, (Greek nuo-s,) forming gentile nouns; as, Abydene, (from Abydus, proper name,) Damascene, (from Damascus, proper name).

er, (Greek np, the same as Tnp,) denoting the subject; as, Aerology, ether, (✓ aith + suff. er).

ia, or by Anglicizing y, and before another suffix simply i, (Greek -a,) denoting for the most part abstract nouns; as, Ambrosia, whence ambrosial; antonomasia, aporia, paronomasia, pharmacopæia; also, anthology, antonomasy, apory, ataxy, cosmogony, euthanasy, logomachy, monomachy, pa

ronomasy.

ia, (Greek ɛ-a,) denoting for the most part abstract nouns; as, Dulia, latria.

ic, (Greek iko-ç,) forming adjectives; as, Aul-ic, clinic, (√ clin + suff. ic,) con-ic, graphic, (✓ graph + suff. ic,) logic, (leg+ suff. ic,) typic, (√ tup + suff. ic).

id, (Greek id, whence nom. is, gen. idos,) forming names of nymphs; as, Nereid, (from Nereus, proper name); also names of poems; as, Æneid, (from Æneas, proper name,) Thebaid, (from Thebes, proper name).

id, with a preceding union-vowel oid, (Greek εdns,) denoting similarity; as, Conoid, (from cone,) paraboloid, (from parabola).

ine, (Greek vo-s,) forming hylonymics; as, Cedr-ine, petr-ine.

isk, (Greek toxo-5,) forming diminutives; as, Basil-isk. ite, (Greek 77-5,) forming gentile nouns; as, Abderite, (from Abdera, proper name); also names of minerals; as, Ophite.

ize, before another suffix is, (Greek .,) forming verbs with a sort of causative sense; as, Bapt-ize, dogmat-ize, schismat-ize, systemat-ize; or forming imitatives; as, Grec ize, Hellen-ize, Juda-ize.

m, me, ma, before another suffix mat, (Greek par, whence nom. μa, gen. paros,) denoting passive concretes; as, Emblem, problem, diadem, anagram, scheme, theme, comma, dogma, drama.

m, (Greek μo-ç); as, Barbaris-m, baptis-m.

mate, the same as ma; as, Climate, (✓ clin + suff. mate). me, (Greek un); as, Gnome, (√ gno + suff. me).

mon, (Greek pov, whence nom. uwv, gen. povos,) forming active concretes; as, Gnomon, (√ gno + suff. mon,) ichneumon, pneu-mon-ic, Timon, proper name.

oid, see id above.

omenon, plur. omena, (Greek oμevov, plur. oueva,) neuter passive participle in words not Anglicized; as, Phenomenon, epileg-omena, proleg-omena.

on, (Greek ov, whence nom. wv, gen. ovros,) the termination of the present active particle; as, Dragon, (√ darc + suff. on,)

li-on.

r, (Greek po-ç, po-v,) forming adjectives; as, Acrostic, leprous, macrocosm, necrology, sclerotic.

sis, sy, se, s, (Greek σis,) denoting action and the connected ideas; as, Basis, (√ ba + suff. sis,) crasis, (√ cra + suff. sis,) crisis, (√ cri + suff. sis,) ellipsis, (pref. en +√lip + suff. sis,) prolepsis, (pref. pro +✔lab+ suff. sis,) phasis, (√ phan + suff. sis,) praxis, (✔ prag + suff. sis,) synopsis, (pref. syn +√op + suff. sis,) thesis, (√ the + suff. sis,) phthisis, (√ phthi + suff. sis); also, here-sy, hypocri-sy, poe-sy; also, base, ellipse, eclipse, phase; also, parallax, syntax.

tor te, (Greek τns,) denoting the subject; as, Anachoret, athlete, iconoclast, paraphrast, poet.

t or te, (Greek TO-ç, TO-v,) the termination of passive verbal adjectives; as, Antidote, Christ, protoplast.

ter, (Greek Tnp); as, Cra-ter, charac-ter, climac-ter. tery, (Greek Tnplov,) denoting the instrument; as, Cautery, psal-tery.

tor, (Greek Twp,) denoting the subject; as, Rhe-tor-ic, his

tor-ic.

ue mute after g, the same as e mute, above; as, Dialogue, decalogue, demagogue, ptysmagogue.

ENGLISH PREFIXES DERIVED FROM THE GREEK.

§ 359. Many persons well acquainted with Greek fail to derive the full advantage of their knowledge, from not analyzing the Greek compounds found in the English language. To such, it is thought, the following investigation of the force of the Greek prefixes found in English may be of service. An intelligent use of words is certainly desirable for every educated person. Something, also, may be gained by scientific arrangement.

These prefixes, it should be observed, although sometimes employed as prepositions, with their complements, are originally and properly adverbs.

1. Amphi or amphis, Greek ἀμφί οι ἀμφίς, Folie ἀμπί= Sanscrit api; Latin ambi, amb, am, an; Old German umpi; German um; Anglo-Saxon ymbe, ymb, embe, emb; (connected with Sanscrit ubhau, Greek aμpw, Latin ambo, Gothic ba, both).

(1.) On both sides; as, Amphibrach, short on both sides, a poetic foot consisting of a short, a long, and a short; amphisbæna, moving either way foremost, the name of an animal so moving.

(2.) About, around; as, Greek ȧupidéw, to bind about. No example occurs in English.

2. An before vowels, or a before consonants, Greek ȧv, ȧ Sanscrit an, a; Latin in; German un; English in and un; (connected with Greek åvev, German ohne, both signifying without); denoting negation; as, Anarchy, want of government; ambrosia, an imaginary food supposed to confer immortality; atom, an indivisible particle; abyss, a bottomless gulf.

3. Ana before consonants, or an before vowels, Greek

ává, áv Gothic ana, German an, Anglo-Saxon and English on, (connected with Greek ȧvú, above).

(1.) Up, upward; as, Anadromous, running up; anagoge, a leading of the mind upward.

(2.) Over, about; as, Anatreptic, overturning.

(3.) Back, in a contrary direction; as, Anacamptic, re flected, turned back.

(4.) Back, to the original state; as, Anatomy, the dissecting of an animal body into its constituent parts; analysis, the separation of a compound body into its constituent parts.

(5.) Back, anew, again; as, Anadiplosis, the use of the same word at the end of one clause and the beginning of an other.

(6.) Away; as, Anachoret, a hermit, recluse.

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4. Anti, Greek ȧvrí Sanscrit ati, Latin ante, Gothic and and anda, Anglo-Saxon and and on, German and, ant, ent, English an, in answer.

(1.) Before, over against; as, Greek ȧvríkea, to lie over against. No example occurs in English.

(2.) Against, in opposition to; as, Antipode, having the feet directly opposite; antipathy, opposite feeling; also as a preposition, with its complement; as, Antiasthmatic, good against the asthma.

(3.) Denoting correspondence; as, Antitype, a figure corresponding to its pattern.

(4.) Denoting alternation or reciprocity; as, Antiphony, alternate or reciprocal singing; antistrophe, reciprocal con

version.

(5.) Denoting exchange; as, Antiptosis, the exchange of

one case for another.

5. Apo, Greek ȧnó-Sanscrit apa and ava, Latin ab, Gothic af, German ab, Anglo-Saxon and English of.

(1.) From, off; as, Apocope, the cutting off of the last letter or syllable of a word; apology, a speaking one's self off, a defense in words.

(2.) Away; as, Apostrophe, a turning away.

3.) Out; as, Apozem, a decoction; apologue, a saying out, a full narration.

(4.) Down; as, Apoplexy, a striking down.

(5.) Denoting privation or negation; as, Apocalypse, an uncovering, revelation.

6. Cata, Greek kaτá.

(1.) Down, downward; as, Catarrh, a flowing down. (2.) Against, as a preposition, with its complement; as, Catabaptist, one who opposes baptism.

(3.) Upside down; as, Catastrophe, a turning upside down,

overthrow.

(4.) Denoting distribution, as a preposition, with its complement; as, Catamenia, monthly courses.

(5.) Denoting perversion; as, Catachresis, wrong use. 7. Dia, Greek diá=Latin dis, (connected with Greek dúw, Latin duo, English two).

(1.) In two, asunder, apart; as, Diæresis, the resolution of a diphthong.

(2.) Through; as, Diameter, a line drawn through the

center.

(3.) Thoroughly; as, Diagnostic, distinguishing, charac

teristic.

(4.) Between, denoting reciprocity; as, Dialogue, conver

sation between two or more.

8. Dys, Greek dúç-Sanscrit dus, Gothic tus.

(1.) Badly, with difficulty; as, Dyspepsy, difficulty of digestion.

(2.) Denoting want or absence; as, Dysorexy, want of appetite.

9. Ec before a consonant, or ex before a vowel, Greek έk, Sanscrit wahis, Latin e, ex, Gothic ût, German aus, English out.

(1.) Out; as, Eclogue, a selection; exanthema, an eruption.
(2.) Away; as, Eclipse, a failure.

10. En, Greek &v=Latin in, German in, English in.
In, on; as, Enclitic, leaning on.

(2.) Among, as a preposition, with its complement; as, Endemic, among the people.

(3.) Into; as, Enallage, the change of one into another. 11. Epi, Greek &πí Sanscrit abhi, Gothic bi, German bei, English by.

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