ART. Page VI. 1. Notice sur le Speculum humanæ Salvationis. Par J. Marie Guichard. Paris, 1840. 8vo. 2. La plus ancienne Gravure connue avec une date. Mé- moire par le Baron de Reiffenberg, de l'Institut de France, Présenté dans la séance du 7 Mai 1845. 4to. 3. Opinion d'un Bibliophile sur l'Estampe de 1418 con- servée à la Bibliothéque Royale de Bruxelles. Par M. J. A. C. Bruxelles, 1846. 4to. 4. Quelques Mots sur la Gravure au Millésime de 1418. Par C. D. B. Bruxelles, 1846. 4to. VII. Degli ultimi casi di Romagna, di Massimo d'Azeglio. VIII. 1. A Cycle of Celestial Objects for the use of Naval, Mili- tary, and Private Astronomers, Observed, Reduced, and Discussed. By Captain William Henry Smith, R.N., K.S.F., D.C.L., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1844. 2. Thoughts on some Important Points relating to the History of the World. By J. P. Nichol, LL.D., Pro- : fessor of Astronomy in the University of Glasgow. 1 IX. 1. The Queen's Speech at the Prorogation of Parliament. (Morning Chronicle, August 29, 1846.) 2. Circular of the Protestant Association. 1846. 3. Valedictory Address to the American Deputies. Deli- livered by the Rev. Dr. Byrth at the Public Breakfast I. An Historical and Critical View of the Speculative Phi- II. The Lost Senses, Vol. i. Deafness; Vol. ii. Blindness. By III. 1. The Works of Abraham Cowley, with an Account of his Life and Writings. By Thomas Sprat, D.D. Edi- tion by J. Sprat, 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1721. 2. Select Works of Abraham Cowley, with a Preface and Notes. By R. Hurd, D.D. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1777. 3. The Poetical Works of Abraham Cowley, containing his Miscellanies, Epistles, Elegiac Poems, Prologues, V. Biographia Britannica Literaria. A Literary History of 2. Historical Eloge of James Watt. By M. Arago, Per- petual Secretary to the Academy of Sciences. Trans- lated from the French, with Additional Notes and an Appendix, by James Patrick Muirhead, Esq., M.A., of Balliol College, Oxford, Advocate. London, 1839. 3. Address to the Meeting of the British Association held at Birmingham August 26, 1839. By the Rev. W. Vernon Harcourt. London, 1840. 4. Lives of Men of Letters and Science who flourished in the time of George III. By Henry Lord Brougham, F.R.S., Member of the National Institute of France, and of the Royal Academy of Naples. Life of Watt, Vol. i. p. 352. Life of Cavendish, Vol. i. p. 429, and Note to their Lives, Vol. ii. p. 507. London, 1846. 5. Letter to Henry Lord Brougham, F.R.S., containing remarks on certain statements in his Lives of Black, ART. I.-The History and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church. By JOHN LINGARD, D.Ď. 2 Vols. London, 1845. As the ancient heathen nations were anxious to trace their pedigrees to the gods, so modern Churches, however blessed with light and sanctity, are dissatisfied unless they have had apostles for their founders. As to these islands, after the most elaborate researches, we must come to the conclusion of our worthy ecclesiastical historian Fuller, and say, "We see the light of the Word shined here, but see not who kindled it." Is it any great matter who? Shall we think meanly of the gas that illumines our city, unless we know who and what was the first regularly appointed lamp-lighter? There is little doubt, however, that Christianity was introduced into Britain at a very early period. It was about the year 43, that the Romans obtained a permanent footing in the island. In the consequent influx of strangers, there were probably some disciples of Christ, that silently introduced the Gospel among the idolatrous inhabitants, who were far from being as uncivilized as they are generally represented. The island is described by Cæsar as well peopled, full of houses built after the manner of the Gauls, abounding in cattle," (De Bello Gallico, lib. v. cap. 12;) and by Diodorus, as "very populous," (lib. v. cap. 2,) though their notions of population were derived from Italy and Sicily. It had considerable trade. Seneca lent to some of its merchants £480,000 of our money upon good security, and at an exorbitant interest. The people had made remarkable progress in the mechanical arts. They possessed an established religion, with an intellectual and powerful priesthood; and they so severely tried the Roman power by their brave and persevering resistance, VOL. VI. NO. XI. A that, to keep down their patriotism required an army of occupation, which was able more than once to dispose of the imperial crown to its generals :-such a country it is absurd to represent as occupied only by hordes of "painted savages." Tertullian, Origen, and Eusebius, exult in the well-known fact, that the British isles had received the light of salvation in the early part of the 3d century. After the conversion of Constantine, there is reason to believe that most of the heathen temples were hereas elsewhere-converted into Christian churches. And though the imperial dominion was far from being friendly to public or private virtue, yet it contributed materially to soften the manners of the people, and to abolish the Druidical worship. The persecution raised by the emperors in the beginning of the 4th century, raged with destructive force in Britain. The account given of it by Gildas, our earliest ecclesiastical historian, shows that Christianity had already made considerable progress, and that it was based upon the Holy Scriptures, which, as its living oracles, excited the special enmity of the persecutors. "The churches," says he, "were overthrown; all the copies of the Holy Scriptures that could be found, were burned in the streets, and the chosen pastors of God's Church butchered, together with their innocent sheep; in order that not a vestige, if possible, might remain, in some provinces, of Christ's religion." After lamenting many "disgraceful flights," he adds- The whole Church were crowding in a body to leave behind them the dark things of this world, and to make the best of their way to the happy mansions of heaven, as if to their proper homes.' The elevation of Constantine in 313, put a stop to this persecution, before the British Churches were exterminated. We find their bishops afterwards representing them in the councils of Arles in 314, of Sardica in 347, and of Rimini in 359. "The orthodoxy of the Britons during the prevalence of Arianism is attested," says Dr. Lingard, " by its most zealous opponents; and if the heresy of Pelagius afterwards found an asylum in the island, it was not till it had been proscribed on the Continent, when some of his disciples, Britons, like himself, returning home, propagated his doctrines among their countrymen." They did so with considerable success, but their authority was destroyed by the preaching of Germanus, and of one or two other Gallic bishops, who were invited over for the purpose. This is the sum of nearly all that is known of the ancient British Churches during the subjection of the country to Rome ;---and from the moment the Emperor withdrew his forces, we are left in utter darkness. "Continental writers seem to have forgotten the existence of a British Church; and it is not till after the |