Which would be worn now in their newest gloss,

Not cast aside so soon

Lady M.

Was the hope drunk,

Wherein you dress'd yourself? hath it slept since?

And wakes it now, to look so green and pale
At what it did so freely? From this time,
Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard
To be the same in thine own act and valour,
As thou art in desire? Would'st thou have that
Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life,
And live a coward in thine own esteem;*
Letting I dare not wait upon I would,
Like the poor cat i'the adage?

Macb.

Pr’ythee, peace:

I dare do all that may become a man:
Who dares do more, is none.

Lady M.

What beast was it then,

That made you break this enterprize to me?
When you durst do it, then you were a man;
And, to be more than what you were, you would
Be so much more the man. Nor time nor place,
Did then adhere, and yet you would make both:
They have made themselves, and that their fitness now
Does unmake you. I have given suck; and know
How tender 'tis, to love the babe that milks me:
I would, while it was smiling in my face,
Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums,
And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you
Have done to this.

4

Would'st thou have that

Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life,

And live a coward in thine own esteem;] Do you wish to obtain the crown, and yet would you remain such a coward in your own eyes all your life, as to suffer your paltry fears, which whisper, “I dare not," to controul your noble ambition, which cries out, “I would ?” STEE VENS.

5 Like the poor cat i'the adage?] The adage alluded to is, The cat loves fish, but dares not wet her feet:

"Catus amat pisces, sed non vult tingere plantas."

Macb. Lady M.

If we should fail,

We fail!

But screw your courage to the sticking place,"
And we'll not fail. When Duncan is asleep,
(Whereto the rather shall his day's hard journey
Soundly invite him,) his two chamberlains
Will I with wine and wassel so convince,7
That memory, the warder of the brain,
Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason?
A limbeck only: When in swinish sleep
Their drenched natures lie, as in a death,
What cannot you and I perform upon
The unguarded Duncan? what not put upon
His spongy officers; who shall bear the guilt
Of our great quell?2

6 But screw your courage to the sticking-place,] This is a metaphor from an engine formed by mechanical complication. The sticking-place is the stop which suspends its powers, till they are discharged on their proper object; as in driving piles, &c.

7 Will I with wine and wassal so convince, &c.] To convince is, in Shakspeare, to overpower, or subdue. What was anciently called was-haile, (as appears from Selden's notes on the ninth Song of Drayton's Polyolbion) was an annual custom observed in the country on the vigil of the new year; and had its beginning, as some say, from the words which Ronix, daughter of Hengist, used, when she drank to Vortigern, loverd king was-heil; he answering her, by direction of an interpreter, drinc-heile. Afterwards it appears that was-haile, and drinc-heil, were the usual phrases of quaffing among the English; but wassel is sometimes used for general riot, intemperance, or festivity. On the present occasion I believe it means intemperance. STEEVENS.

8

9

the warder of the brain —] A warder is a guard, a sentinel. the receipt of reason,] i. e. the receptacle.

! A limbeck only:] The limbeck is the vessel through which distilled liquors pass into the recipient. So shall it be with memory; through which every thing shall pass, and nothing remain.

2 who shall bear the guilt

Of our great quell?] Quell is murder, manquellers being, in the old language, the term for which murderers is now used.

Macb.

Bring forth men-children only!

For thy undaunted mettle should compose

Nothing but males. Will it not be receiv'd,
When we have mark'd with blood those sleepy two
Of his own chamber, and us'd their very daggers,
That they have don't?

Lady M.

Who dares receive it other,

As we shall make our griefs and clamour roar
Upon his death?

Macb.

I am settled, and bend up

Each corporal agent to this terrible feat.

Away, and mock the time with fairest show:

False face must hide what the false heart doth know.

[Exeunt.3

3 Till this instant the mind of Macbeth has been in a state of uncertainty and fluctuation. He has hitherto proved neither resolutely good, nor obstinately wicked. Though a bloody idea had arisen in his mind, after he had heard the prophecy in his favour, yet he contentedly leaves the completion of his hopes to chance. At the conclusion, however, of his interview with Duncan, he inclines to hasten the decree of fate, and quits the stage with an apparent resolution to murder his sovereign. But no sooner is the king under his roof, than, reflecting on the peculiarities of his own relative situation, he determines not to offend against the laws of hospitality, or the ties of subjection, kindred, and gratitude. His wife then assails his constancy afresh. He yields to her suggestions, and, with his integrity, his happiness is destroyed.

I have enumerated these particulars, because the waverings of Macbeth have, by some criticks, been regarded as unnatural and contradictory circumstances in his character; not remembering that nemo repente fuit turpissimus, or that (as Angelo observes)

when once our grace we have forgot,

Nothing goes right; we would, and we would not

a passage which contains no unapt justification of the changes that happen in the conduct of Macbeth. STEEVENS.

ACT II.

SCENE 1.4 The same.

Court within the Castle.

Enter BANQUO and FLEANCE, and a Servant with a torch before them.

Ban. How goes the night, boy?

Fle. The moon is down; I have not heard the clock. Ban. And she goes down at twelve.

Fle.

I tak❜t, 'tis later, sir.

Ban. Hold, take my sword:- There's husbandry in

heaven, 5

Their candles are all out. Take thee that too.
A heavy summons lies like lead upon me,
And yet I would not sleep: Merciful powers!
Restrain in me the cursed thoughts, that nature
Gives way to in repose! - Give me my sword;

+ Scene I.] The place is not marked in the old edition, nor is it easy to say where this encounter can be. It is not in the hall, as the editors have all supposed it, for Banquo sees the sky; it is not far from the bedchamber, as the conversation shows: it must be in the inner court of the castle, which Banquo might properly cross in his way to bed. JOHNSON.

5

There's husbandry in heaven,] Husbandry here means, thrift, frugality.

6

Merciful powers! &c.] It is apparent from what Banquo says afterwards, that he had been solicited in a dream to attempt something in consequence of the prophecy of the witches, that his waking senses were shocked at; and Shakspeare has here most exquisitely contrasted his character with that of Macbeth. Banquo is praying against being tempted to encourage thoughts of guilt even in his sleep; while Macbeth is hurrying into temptation, and revolving in his mind every scheme, however flagitious, that may assist him to complete his purpose. The one is unwilling to sleep, lest the same phantoms should assail his resolution again, while the other is depriving himself of rest through impatience to commit the

murder.

Enter MACBETH, and a Servant with a torch.

Who's there?

Macb. A friend.

Ban. What, sir, not yet at rest? The king's a-bed : He hath been in unusual pleasure, and

Sent forth great largess to your offices:7

This diamond he greets your wife withal,

8

By the name of most kind hostess; and shut up9
In measureless content.

Macb.

Being unprepar'd,

Our will became the servant to defect;
Which else should free have wrought.9

Ban.

All's well.
I dreamt last night of the three weird sisters:
you they have show'd some truth.
Macb.

Το

I think not of them

Yet, when we can entreat an hour to serve,
Would spend it in some words upon that business,
If you would grant the time.

Ban.

At your kind'st leisure. Macb. If you shall cleave to my consent,-when 'tis, It shall make honour for you.

1

7 Sent forth great largess to your offices:] Offices are the rooms appropriated to servants and culinary purposes. Duncan was pleased with his entertainment, and dispensed his bounty to those who had prepared it. All the modern editors have transferred this largess to the officers of Macbeth, who would more properly have been rewarded in the field, or at their return to court. STEEVENS. Mr. Malone reads, officers.

8 shut up -] To shut up, is to conclude.

9 Being unprepar'd, &c.] This is obscurely expressed. The meaning seems to be: Being unprepared, our entertainment was necessarily defective, and we only had it in our power to show the king our willingness to serve him. Had we received sufficient notice of his coming, our zeal should have been more clearly manifested by our acts.

1 If you shall cleave to my consent,-when 'tis,] So that the sense of the line is, If you shall go

Consent for will. into my measures