ART. 14. All citizens of the Irish Free State (Saorstat Eireann) without distinction of sex, who have reached the age of twenty-one years and who comply with the provisions of the prevailing electoral laws, shall have the right to vote for members of the Chamber of Deputies (Dail Eireann), and to take part in the referendum or initiative. All citizens of the Irish Free State (Saorstat Eireann) without distinction of sex who have reached the age of thirty years and who comply with the provisions of the prevailing electoral laws, shall have the right to vote for members of the Senate (Seanad Eireann). No voter may exercise more than one vote and the voting shall be by secret ballot. The mode and place of exercising this right shall be determined by law.

ART. 15. Every citizen who has reached the age of twenty-one years and who is not placed under disability or incapacity by the constitution or by law shall be eligible to become a member of the Chamber of Deputies (Dail Eireann).

ART. 16. No person may be at the same time a member both of the Chamber (Dail Eireann) and of the Senate (Seanad Eireann). ART. 17. The oath to be taken by Members of Parliament (Oireachtas) shall be in the following form:

I..... .... do solemnly swear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of the Irish Free State as by law established, and that I will be faithful to H. M. King George V, his heirs and successors by law in virtue of the common citizenship of Ireland with Great Britain and her adherence to and membership of the group of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations.

Such oath shall be taken and subscribed by every member of the Parliament (Oireachtas) before taking his seat therein before the Representative of the Crown or some person authorized by him. ART. 18. Every member of the Parliament (Oireachtas) shall, except in case of treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest in going to and returning from, and while within the precincts of either house, and shall not be amenable to any action or proceeding at law in respect of any utterance in either house.

ART. 19. All reports and publications of the Parliament (Oireachtas) or of either house thereof shall be privileged and utterances made in either house, wherever published, shall be privileged.

ART. 20. Each house shall make its own rules and standing orders, with power to attach penalties for their infringement and shall have power to insure freedom of debate, to protect its official documents and the private papers of its members, and to protect itself and its members against any person or persons interfering with, molesting, or attempting to corrupt its members in the exercise of their duties.

ART. 21. Each house shall elect its own chairman and deputy chairman and shall prescribe their powers, duties, and terms of office.

ART. 22. All matters in each house shall, save as otherwise provided by this constitution, be determined by a majority of the votes of the members present other than the chairman or presiding member, who shall have and exercise a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes. The number of members necessary to constitute a meeting of either house for the exercise of its powers shall be determined by its standing orders.

ART. 23. The Parliament (Oireachtas) shall make provision for the payment of its members and may, in addition, provide them with free traveling facilities in any part of Ireland.

ART. 24. The Parliament (Oireachtas) shall hold at least one session each year. The Parliament (Oireachtas) shall be summoned and dissolved by the Representative of the Crown in the name of the King and subject as aforesaid the Chamber (Dail Eireann) shall fix the date of reassembly of the Parliament (Oireachtas) and the date of the conclusion of the session of each house provided that the sessions of the Senate (Seanad Eireann) shall not be concluded without its own consent.

ART. 25. Sittings of each house of the Parliament (Oireachtas) shall be public. In cases of special emergency either house may hold a private sitting with the assent of two-thirds of the members present.

B. The Chamber of Deputies (Dail Eireann)

ART. 26. The Chamber (Dail Eireann) shall be composed of members who represent constituencies determined by law. The number of members shall be fixed from time to time by the Parliament (Oireachtas) but the total number of members of the Chamber (Dail Eireann) shall not be fixed at less than one member

for each thirty thousand of the population, or at more than one member for each twenty thousand of the population: Provided that the proportion between the number of members to be elected at any time for each constituency and the population of each constituency, as ascertained at the last preceding census, shall, so far as possible, be identical throughout the country. The members shall be elected upon principles of proportional representation. The Parliament (Oireachtas) shall revise the constituencies at least once in every ten years, with due regard to changes in distribution of the population, but any alterations in the constituencies shall not take effect during the life of the Chamber (Dail Eireann) sitting when such revision is made.

ART. 27. At a general election for the Chamber (Dail Eireann) the polls shall be held on the same day throughout the country and that day shall be a day not later than thirty days after the date of the dissolution and shall be proclaimed a public holiday. The Chamber (Dail Eireann) shall meet within one month of such day, and shall unless earlier dissolved continue for four years from the date of its first meeting and not longer. The Chamber (Dail Eireann) may not at any time be dissolved except on the advice of the Executive Council.

ART. 28. In case of death, resignation, or disqualification of a member of the Chamber (Dail Eireann), the vacancy shall be filled by election in manner to be determined by law.

C. The Senate (Seanad Eireann)

ART. 29. The Senate (Seanad Eireann) shall be composed of citizens who have done honor to the nation by reason of useful public service or who, because of special qualifications or attainments, represent important aspects of the nation's life.

ART. 30. Every university in the Irish Free State (Saorstat Eireann) shall be entitled to elect two representives to the Senate (Seanad Eireann). The number of Senators exclusive of the university members shall be fifty-six. A citizen to be eligible for membership of the Senate (Seanad) must be a person eligible to become a member of the Chamber (Dail Eireann) and must have have reached the age of thirty-five years. Subject to any provision for the constitution of the first Senate (Seanad) the term of office of a member of the Senate (Seanad) shall be twelve years.

ART. 31. One-fourth of the members of the Senate (Seanad Eireann) exclusive of the university members shall be elected every three years from a panel constituted as hereinafter mentioned at an election at which the Irish Free State (Saorstat Eireann) shall form one electoral area, and the elections shall be held on principles of proportional representation. One member shall be elected by each university entitled to representation in the Senate (Seanad) every six years.

ART. 32. Before each election of members of the Senate (Seanad Eireann) other than university members-a panel shall be formed consisting of:

(a) Three times as many qualified persons as there are members to be elected of whom two-thirds shall be nominated by the Chamber (Dail Eireann) voting according to principles of proportional representation and one-third shall be nominated by the Senate (Seanad Eireann) voting according to principles of proportional representation; and

(b) Such persons who have at any time been members of the Senate (Seanad)—including members about to retire as signify by notice in writing addressed to the president of the Executive Council their desire to be included in the panel.

The method of proposal and selection for nomination shall be decided by the Chamber (Dail) and Senate (Seanad) respectively with special reference to the necessity for arranging for the representation of important interests and institutions in the country: Provided that each proposal shall be in writing and shall state the qualifications of the person proposed. As soon as the panel has been formed a list of the names of the members of the panel arranged in alphabetical order with their qualifications shall be published.

ART. 33. In case of the death, resignation, or disqualification of a member of the Senate (Seanad Eireann)-other than a university member-his place shall be filled by a vote of the Senate (Seanad). Any Senator so chosen shall retire from office at the conclusion of the three-year period then running and the vacancy or vacancies thus created shall be additional to the places to be filled under Article 31. The term of office of the members chosen at the election after the first fourteen elected shall conclude at the end of the period or periods at which the Senator or Senators

by whose death or withdrawal the vacancy or vacancies was or were originally created would be due to retire: Provided that the fifteenth member shall be deemed to have filled the vacancy first created in order of time and so on.

In case of the death, resignation, or disqualification of a university member of the Senate (Seanad), the university by which he was elected shall elect a person to fill his place, and the member so elected shall hold office so long as the member in whose place he was elected would have held office.

D. Legislation

ART. 34. The Chamber (Dail Eireann) shall in relation to the subject matter of money bills as hereinafter defined have legislative authority exclusive of the Senate (Seanad Eireann).

A money bill means a bill which contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following subjects, namely, the imposition, repeal, remission, alteration, or regulation of taxation; the imposition for the payment of debt or other financial purposes of charges on public moneys or the variation or repeal of any such charges; supply; the appropriation, receipt, custody, issue, or audit of accounts of public money; the raising or guaranty of any loan or the repayment thereof; subordinate matters incidental to those subjects or any of them. In this definition the expression "taxation," "public money," and "loan" respectively do not include any taxation, money, or loan raised by local authorities or bodies for local purposes.

The chairman of the Chamber (Dail) shall certify any bill which in his opinion is a money bill to be a money bill, but if within three days after a bill has been passed by the Chamber (Dail) two-fifths of the members of either house by notice in writing addressed to the chairman of the house of which they are members so require, the question whether the bill is or is not a money bill shall be referred to a committee of privileges consisting of three members elected by each house with a chairman who shall be the senior judge of the Supreme Court able and willing to act, and who, in the case of an equality of votes, but not otherwise, shall be entitled to vote. The decision of the committee on the question shall be final and conclusive.

ART. 35. The Chamber (Dail Eireann) shall as soon as possible