Administration, executive as agent
of, 69.

Administrative courts, 104, 106.
Administrative districts of Prussia,
221.

Africa, governments of, 5.
Age limitations of voters, 147.
Aggression, government

insures

safety from, 6.
Agriculture department, U. S. or-
ganization, 95.

Alaska, government of, 272.
Amendment of constitutions, 32-
35; Cuba, 39; denying power of,
33; France, 34; Germany, 34;
no provision for, 32; United
States, 33-35.

America, government, forms of, 5.
American Army of Occupation,

Germany, billeting of army, 322;
censorship under, 322; freedom
of inhabitants not restricted by,
323; General Pershing's procla-
mation, 327-331; judiciary un-
der, 321; orders of, 317-319, 320;
public works under, 324; requisi-
tions by, 324; sanitation and
public health orders, 322;
schools and charitable institu-
tions under, 324; trade regula-
tions, 321.

Appeal, right of, 113.

Appointing power, executive head,
71.

Appropriation bills, powers of leg-
islative chambers in regard to,
56.
Argentine Republic, executive

head, indirect election of, 13, 78.
Aristocratic governments (aristoc-
racies), characteristics of, 9.
Army and navy, executive's power
to command, 75.

Banks, farm loan and land, U. S.,

403; Federal reserve, 402; gov-
ernment regulation of, 398-404.
Belgian Congo, government of,
268.

Belgium, military government in
Germany, 319.

Bicameral legislative bodies, 47-55;
advantages of, 53; differences
between two chambers, 47-53;
different tenures of office of both
chambers, 53; disadvantages of,
54; powers of the legislative
chambers, 55; upper chamber,
hereditary, 48.

Billeting of army under military
rule, 322.

Boroughs, administrative division
of England, 211.

Brazil, executive head, direct elec-
tion of, 78.

British Commonwealth of Nations,
government of, 263.

Bryce, Lord, on the United States
constitution, 27.

Budget, national,

372;

United

States, Budget and Accounting
Act, 1921, 377-388.

Bundesrath, German, upper cham-
ber, character of, 49.

Burgess, on individual liberty, 31.

Unitary Governments.

See

Chamber of Deputies, France,
election of members, 50.
Charities, function of government
in regard to, 395.

Charters, municipal, 234; Spring-
field, Ohio, 247-256.

Chili, executive head, indirect
election of, 13, 78; tenure of
office of, 79.

China, elective head, 12.
Chinese, not admitted to citizen-

ship in the United States, 148.
Circle, (Kreistag), administrative
division of Prussia, 221.
Circuit Courts, United States,
228.

City government. See Municipal
Government.

Citizenship, problems connected
with bestowal of, 147-150; re-
quirement for suffrage right, 147.
See also Electorate.
City-manager plan of municipal
government, 237; excerpts from
charter of Springfield, Ohio, 247-
256; list of cities having, 257-
258.

Civil courts, 104, 106.

Civil function of government, 374.
Classification of forms of govern-
ment, 7-18; chart, 18.
Colonies, as dependencies, 259;
government of as, 263.
Commerce, government regulation
of, 404-406.

Commerce, United States Depart-

ment of, organization, 96.
Commercial agreements, interna-

States. See States of the United
States.
Commune, administrative division
of France, 209; of Prussia, 222;
of Switzerland, 217.
Communication, government own-
ership, 391.

Confederate governments, charac-
teristics of, 15.

Congo, Belgian, government of,
268.

Congress, United States statistics
and citations, 68.

Constitutions, adherence to strict
interpretation not followed, 36;
amendments, 32-35; classifica-
tion of material in, 30-35; Cuba,
text of Platt Amendment, 39;
defined, 25; of England, 27;
extra-constitutional powers, 36;
of France, extracts from, 449-
463; of German Republic, 464-
501; with provisions for juris-
diction of central over local gov-
ernments, 218; of Irish Free
State, 529-548; of Japan, 502-
511; provisions for amendments,
32-35; for organization and pow-
ers of government, 31; for rights
and liberties of individuals, 30;
for separation of powers, 42;
requisites of good, 30; scope of,
25; of Soviet Russia, 334-348,
512-528; of States of the United
States, 223; of United States,
26, 32; judicial interpretation,
35, 111; table of decisions, 122-
138; provision for territorial ex-
pansion, 271; text of, 549-566;
written and unwritten, 26-29.
Contributions, levying under mili-
tary government, 313.
Conventions, political, 192.
Councils, local, of England, 212; of

France, 208; of Switzerland, 216.
County, administrative division of
England, 211.

County borough, administrative
division of England, 211.
County courts, United States, 228.
County government, United States,
231.

Courts of justice, administrative,

106; circuit courts, 228; civil and
criminal, 106; county courts,
228; grades of, 103; justice of
the peace, 228; international,
114-121; jurisdiction of, 104,
112; state courts, United States,
109, 228; supreme court of the
state, 229; Supreme Court of
the United States, 35, 111, 122-
138.

Criminal courts, 104, 106.

Cuba, protectorate of U. S., 275;
sovereignty in, 23, 39; text of
Platt amendment to constitu-
tion, 39.

Cumulative vote plan of minority
representation, 161.
Currency, government control of,
390.

Customs duties, 370.

Dayton, City-manager plan, 237,
248.

Decisions, Downes VS. Bidwell
(insular cases), 287-302.
Democratic governments (democ-

racies), characteristics of, 10;
direct, 10; political parties a
development of, 182; represen-
tative, 10.

Denmark, upper chamber, compo-
sition of, 49.

Département, administrative di-
vision of France, 207.
Dependencies, Belgian Congo, 268;
colonial, 259; government of,
263; definition and nature of,
259; direct, 260; government of,
265; effects of acquisition of
upon nations, 276-278; of
France, government of, 265; of
Great Britain, government of,
263, 266; India, 267; mandates,
269; protectorate, 262; sphere of
influence, 261; treaty to illus-
trate, text of, 279-280; statis-
tics and illustrative citations,

279-302; types of, 259-263; of
United States, 271-275.

Des Moines, commission form of
government, 237, 241-247.
Despotisms. See Autocratic Gov-

ernment.

District, administrative, division
of Switzerland, 217.

Education, function of government
in regard to, 394.
Elections, direct, executive head,
11, 13, 77-80; upper chamber,
50; general method of, 155; in-
direct, 12; executive head, 78;
Prussian three-class system, 240;
purpose of, 51; upper chamber,
50; principles governing, 12; in
Soviet Russia, 343; statistics
showing injustice of elections by
majorities, 168-171; upper cham-
bers, members of, 49; varia-
tions in constituencies affecting,
51.

Elective governments, 8; princi-
ples governing election, 12.
Electorate, age limitations, 147;
appointive power, 154-164; citi-
zenship of, 147; defined, 145;
functions of, 153; identification
of, 149; legislative powers of,
164-167; mental and moral re-
quirements, 149; powers of, 154-
167; property restrictions, 152;
qualifications of, 146-153; how
legally declared, 146; ratio of,
to entire population, 146; resi-
dence and registration of, 149;
restrictions exercised, 145-153;
sex restrictions, 149-152; in
Soviet Russia, 339; woman suf-
frage, 149-152.

England. See also Great Britain.
Cabinet system, 81; constitu-
tion, 27; amendments to, 32;
electorate, qualifications of, 146;
executive head, hereditary, 12,
77; legislative recommendations,
72; local, vested in committees,
213; power to convene or ad-
journ Parliament, 74; veto
power of, 73; government pow-
ers not separated in, 43; House

of Lords, character of, 48; leg-
islative bodies, local, 213; statis-
tics and citations, 61-62; local
government, 210-214; national
budget, 372; Old Age Pension
Law, 413-416; Parliament, power
to convene or adjourn, 74; sov-
ereignty in, 20; political parties,
origin of, 183; place of, 186; rep-
resentative system, early, 11; so-
cial insurance, 396; sovereignty
in, 19-21; treaty-making power,
75; unitary government, origin
of, 14; woman suffrage in, 151.
Europe, governments, form of, 5;
political parties in countries of,
186-188.

Excise taxes, 371.

Executive department, duties of
personnel of, 70; organization of,
85-96; United States, 85-96.
Executive head, assistants to, 71;
of cities, 234, 235; defined, 69;
duties and functions, 69-77;
elective, 11, 13, 77-80; functions,
administrative agent of legisla-
tive, 69; military powers, 75;
ordinance power for affecting
operation of laws, 74; Overman
Act, 87; pardoning powers, 76;
power in international relations,
75; power over meeting of legis-
lative body, 74; recommending
legislation, 72; veto power, 73;
war powers, 76, 87; hereditary,
11, 77; local government of Eng-
land, vested in committees, 213;
of France, 207-209; of Prussia,
221; of Switzerland, vested in
Executive Council, 216; nomi-
nal and actual, 70, 80; reëlec-
tion, 80; responsibilities for ap-
pointees, 71; of Soviet Russia,
345; states of the United States,
226; tenure of office, 79; unity
of, 70.

Farm Loan Banks, U. S., 403.
Federal governments, characteris-
tics of, 14; distribution of pow-
ers in, 15; local government in,
205, 214-239; local government
in, contrasted with unitary, 214;

origin of, 14; sovereignty, unity
of, in, 24; weakness of, 17.
Federal Reserve Banking System
and Act, 402.

Financial function of government,
363-374, 390.

Florence, mediæval, aristocratic
government in, 10.
France, autocratic government in,
9; cabinet system, 82; constitu-
tion, extracts from, 449-463;
amendment of, 34; constitution
of 1799, 43; dependencies, gov-
ernment of, 265; electorate,
qualifications of, 146; executive
head, indirect election of, 13, 78,
79; legislative recommendations,
72; local, 207-209; reëlection, 80;
tenure of office, 79; veto power
of, 73; legislative bodies, elec-
tions to, 50, 52; local, 208-210;
statistics and citations, 63-64;
local government, 207-210; mili-
tary government in Germany,
319; National Assembly, sov-
ereignty in, 20, 21; Revolution,
12; sovereignty in, 20, 21; uni-
tary government, origin of, 14.
Functions of government, char-
itable, 395; civil, 374; conserva-
tion of natural resources, 393;
control of communication. 391;
of money and currency, 390; of
power plants and water power,
393; of transportation, 391; edu-
cational, 394; financial, 363-374,
390; individualistic theory of,
352-354; inspection, 411; insur-
ance, social, 396; maintenance
of thoroughfares, 392; military,
361-363; necessary, 361-374;
public safety, 392; public works,
390; regulation, 397-412; of
banks, 398-404; of business, 406-
409 (see also Sherman Anti-
Trust Law), of commerce, 404-
406; of industry, 397, 411; of
labor, 409; of morals, 411; of
public safety, 410; of public
health, 410; socialistic theory of,
355-359; statistics and illustra-
tive citations, 375-388, 413-448;
taxation, levying of, 364-372;

unnecessary or optional, 389-413;
welfare theory, 359-361.

Galveston, commission form of
government, 237.
German Empire, Bundesrath, 49;
constitution, amendment of, 34;
dependencies under Versailles
Treaty, 270; distribution of pow-
ers, 15; electorate, qualifications
of, 146; federal government,
origin of, 14.
German Republic, cabinet system,
83; constitution, 464-501;
ecutive head, direct election of,
77; legislative recommendations,
72; tenure of office, 79; veto
power of, 73; jurisdiction of cen-
tral government, 218; legislative
bodies, local, 220; powers of, 55;
statistics and citations, 65-66;
local government, 217-223; social
insurance, 396.

ex-

Germany, American military gov-
ernment in, 316-326.
Ghibellines, 10.

Government. See also under vari-
ous kinds. American form of,
5; classification of, 7-18; consti-
tutional provisions, 31; defined,
1, 352; European forms of, 5;
form of, 7-18; kinds of, 5, 7-18;
origin of, 3-5; purpose of, 6; rea-
son for existence of, 2; services
of, 2; sovereignty not an attri-
bute of, 25.

Government ownership, extent of,
390-396.

Government powers, constitutional
provisions for, 42; kinds of, 41;
non-separation of, examples
of, 43; separation of, 41-45;
strict separation of impractical,

43.
Government regulation, extent of,
397-412; statistics and illustra-
tive citations, 413-448.
Governor of a state of the United
States, 226.

Great Britain (see also England).
Dependencies, government of,
263, 266; sovereignty in, 19-21.

Greece, ancient, democracy in. 10.
Guelphs, 10.

Hague Peace Conferences, 115.
Harding, Warren G., Protocol of
signature, 120.

Hare system of proportional rep-
resentation, 158-160.

Hawaii, government of, 273.
Health, public, government reg-
ulation of. 410; military regula-
tion of, 322.

Hereditary executive head, 11, 77.
Hereditary governments, 8.
Hereditary governments, principles
governing inheritance, 12.
Hereditary system,

Lords, 48.

House of

Highways, government function
in regard to, 392.

Holy Roman Empire, elective
head, 11.

Hostile occupation, military gov-
ernment of, 304-306, 307-326.
House of Lords, England, charac-
ter of, 48; no power over appro-
priation bills, 56.

Illinois, cumulative vote in, 161.
Income tax, 367.

India, government of, 267.
Individualistic theory of govern-
ment, 352-354.

Individuals, constitutional rights
and liberties. 30.

Industrial regulation, government
function, 397.

Inheritance tax, 368; England, ex-
tract from finance act of 1894,
375.

Initiative and referendum, 164-
167; examples of provisions for,
171-178.

Insular cases, decision in, Downes
vs. Bidwell, 287-302.
Insurance, social, function of gov-
ernment in regard to, 396.
Interior, United States Depart-
ment of, organization, 93.
Internal revenue taxes, 371.
International courts, 114-121;
League of Nations, statute for,
118, 139-144.