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CONTENTS.-N° 176.

the year 1817 several regiments of Irishmen were enrolled and took service with the revolted States in South America; but of a later deportation of Irishmen to serve under Dom Pedro in Brazil,

leon III., 405-Brass in Boston Church, Ib.-Unpublished Letter of Essex, 406 Proverbs The Bodleian Surnames of Officials in the West Indies, &c.— William Gilmore Simms-Male and Female Numbers and Letters"The Prodigal Son" in Greene's "Mourning Garment," 1592-More about Cocker-"In the Straw An Editorial Centenarian, 406. QUERIES:- Mezzotinto Prints, 408 Bridgettine Nuns

Author wanted Chauvinisme - The Chevron - Clementine Cuvier-Corbett of Chaddesley-Corbett, co. Worcester Dream of Elizabeth de l'Arche Eggs as an Article of Food Gates, Isle of Man-"The Greatest Clerks are not the Wisest Men"- Heraldic - Joan d'Arc

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Lancashire Witches-Letter of Edward IV.-Clan McAlpin

Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

IRISH LEGIONARIES IN RIO DE JANEIRO.

In the year 1834 there was published in Berlin a work entitled "A Contribution to the History of the War between Brazil and Buenos Ayres in the Years 1825, 1826, 1827, and 1828, by an EyeWitness." I do not know who was the author of this interesting book; but no one can read it without being charmed by the talents of the writer, and fully convinced of his honesty. My main object in now directing attention to his pages is for the purpose of eliciting, through the columns of " N. & Q.," some further information respecting an Irish legion, or body of soldiers, which he refers to as being organised for the service of the Emperor Dom Pedro in the year 1828. The Irish are justly proud of the achievements of their valiant countrymen who, in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Limerick, became exiles from their native land, and were afterwards known in many a battle-field of Europe as "the Irish Legion," although for many years their departure from the land of their birth was lamented as "the flight of the wild geese." Nothing could be better known in Ireland than the fact that in

*Beiträge zur Geschichte des Krieges zwischen Brasilien und Buenos-Ayres in den Jahren 1825, 26, 27, 28. Von einem Augenzeugen. Berlin, bei G. Reimer, 1834, 8°, pp. 314.

I am sure that the following extracts concerning the formation, the stone-throwing prowess, and the disbandment of an "Irish Legion" in Rio Janeiro will be as strange and extraordinary intelligence to the present generation of Irishmen as, I candidly admit, it has been to myself.

Previous to the engagement of Irishmen in his service, Dom Pedro had formed a legion of Germans, and these were mainly picked up in Hamburg and Bremen, and were chosen on account of their physical development, and without the slightest regard to their moral qualities; and, as our author says, there was no question asked whether or not they were outcasts from prison or runaways from the police; on the contrary, one agent undertook to send out a certain number of convicts from the penitentiaries (eine Anzahl Straflinge aus den Zuchthäusern), and even these, bad as they were, had been enticed to enrol themselves by promises as false as they were flattering (p. 284.)

By such means were Germans enrolled under the banners of Dom Pedro, and here is what the author says as to those who had been induced to leave Ireland for the Brazils:

"The determination to increase the number of foreign troops which were so easily handled, and constituted almost the sole reliable support of the executive power, who had been just then named as the commander of the led to the employment of Colonel Cotter, an Irishman, third battalion of Grenadiers. He was sent to Ireland for the purpose of raising recruits, and about the beginning of the year 1828 he reached Rio de Janeiro with a couple of thousand of his fellow countrymen. These men had been recruited by the same deceitful means that had been employed for enticing the Germans (die er in derselben zweideutigen Art, wie die teutschen Werber geworben), and for the most part were taken from the very lowest classes of the populace, as well as from the White

boys.

capable of bearing arms to enter the service and at once Upon their arrival, an attempt was made to force all repair to the military depots to commence drill; but this attempt was resisted, and when the government sought to compel the men to become soldiers, an appeal was made to the British ambassador, Sir Robert Gordon, who at once declared that, unless these men had bound themselves to take military service, they could not be forced to do so. It is difficult to determine whether this decision of the ambassador was founded on political, legal, or personal grounds, although all such motives might easily be supposed to have contributed to his decision, by reason of his dissatisfaction with the conduct of the emperor.

Under these circumstances an amicable arrangement was come to, and from three to four hundred Irishmen were enlisted upon the following conditions, viz. that each man should receive the pay of an English soldier-a shilling a day-which was nearly twice as much as was paid to the Germans, as well as double their rations;