FRONT STREET THEATRE. The Management announce the opening of the On MONDAY EVENING, Decemder 21st. CHASTE, BRILLIANT, AND GRATIFYING ENTERTAINMENTS, A STOCK OF THOROUGH-BRED ACTING No detail, no matter how minute, neglected in order combines great power, sweetness and fine singing First appearance in Baltimore of the Paragon of is pliant and elastic, and entirely free from the stiffness Workmanship strength, and gained him the reputation of being the they are unexcelled, using none but the very best SEA- CLARENCE, THE BOY BEAUTY, will, “booted and THE LEVANTINE BROTHERS, who are the best of their own creation. SCALE OF PRICES-Dress Circle and Parquete 50 cts.: BURTON & IRVING, This Wonderful Negro Boy, who is now attract-Orchestra, 75 cents; Family Circle, 25 cents. ing so much attention throughout the country, was blind from his birth; yet he plays the most difficult Operatic pieces, not only brilliantly and beautifully, 168 but with all the taste, expression and feeling of the 168 most Distinguished Artist. He was born in Georgia, 168 and was caressed and petted, as all negro children are 168 about a Plantation in the South, and more particu- 168 larly those afflicted with so terrible an infirmity as 168 the loss of sight. But when the veil of darkness was 168 drawn over his eyes, as if to make amends for the in- 168 fliction upon the poor Negro Boy, a flood of light was 168 poured into his brain, and his mind became an Opera 168 of Beauty, written by the hand of God, in syllables of 168 Music, for the delight of the World. He is presented 168 GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS. to the Flic as surpassing everything hitherto known 168 to the world as A Musical Phenomenon. WEST BALTIMORE STREET. SCARFS, 168 168 Last Matinee on WEDNESDAY, Dec. 23, at 21⁄2 P. M. BOWS, 168 GLOVES, HDKF'S.. 168 SHAWLS, SUSPENDERS, 168 BUGGY ROBES, CHRISTMAS! CHRISTMAS! 204 BALTIMORE STREET, near Charles. Just received of my own direct importation at 168 PARR'S CHINA HALL MUFFLERS, &C., &C., &C., BRUSHES, COMBS, &c. Panic Prices 168 RICH PUNCH BOWLS AND TUREENS, 168 168 BOHEMIAN AND FRENCH GLASS GOODS, PRESSED GLASS WARE! Cheap! All Kinds. FRENCH CHINA-WHITE-Gilt and Decorated. 168 Every Style. 168 RETAIL STOCK OF 168 MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS IN THE CITY. OUR GREAT SPECIALITY IS SHIRTS, READY MADE, OR MADE TO ORDER. REAL ESTATE AGENT.-T. N. REID, No. 70 W. Please read the following testimonials: Elastic Sponge Mattresses. N. NOYES: We are much pleased with the Elastic Sponge Matresses bought of you, and think them fully equal to your recommendation-a cheap, pleas ant and elastic bed, and preferable to hair. We cheerfully recommend them for general use. C. F. MANNING, Coal Dealer, 65 Second street. J. H. WINDSOR, Hats and Caps, 7 and 9 N. Howard street. H. S. FORNEY, House Furnishing Goods, 11 North Howard. H. SANDERS, Pianos and Organs, 79 W. Fayette st. A. WILSON, JR., Manager Western Union Telegraph Co. W. WOODRUFF, Grocer, Madison av. and Biddle st. Elastic Sponge Church Cushions. CYRUS BLACKBURN,] Friends' Meeting. WM. H. DIFFENDERFFER, M. D., LADIES' FANCY FURS. Just opened, a well- BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1868. 162 Steam-The Locomotive-George Stephenson......164 REVIEWS: January Magazines......... CONTRIBUTED: Herr Sipp-Prume's Concert-Miss Hunt-Peabody Institute's Third Concert-Maretzek's Italian and German Troupe..... IAMMER AND ANVIL. A Novel by Friedrich Spielhagen. Chapters IV and V. POETRY: The Mistletoe Kiss-A Winter Song........ NEWS SUMMARY: Foreign and Domestic....... CONGRESSIONAL SUMMARY.. THE MARKETS.......... .165 (THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM TEN CENTS PER COPY. 161 consequent upon the growing circulation and the protection of United States troops, but thus ..166 .170 and advertisers. 170 171 171 THE STATESMAN will be mailed to Subscribers Notes of the Week. pa A memorial to the President, dated on the 21st An ancient correspondent of Patrick Henry, of July last, and signed by the Democratic memout of Town, and furnished to Newsdealers in the who sympathised very strongly with the appre- bers of Congress, has lately been published. Its City every Friday evening: Subscription price hensions which were expressed by the "Forest-object was to obtain from the Executive a declaThree Dollars per annum-payable in advance. born Demosthenes" in regard to the workings of ration of amnesty "to all persons recently engaged Persons residing in the city can be served by Car- the Federal Constitution, used to write that he in rebellion against the Government, who are riers, by prepaying at the Office, or at the rate of never despaired of the Republic, except during now under presentment or indictment." Why, Thirty Cents per month, payable to the Carriers. the session of the "Annual Mob." Fortunately as is stated, it was suppressed at the time, we Books intended for Review should be sent in early in the Week to receive prompt notice. Ad- for us the "Annual Mob" has adjourned to the cannot comprehend. We certainly do not recogvertisements must be left at the Office on or before 5th of January; and thus, nothing is wanting to nize the force of any "party reasons" which deterThursday, otherwise they will be too late for inser- our unalloyed enjoyment of the Holidays. For mined that it was unwise to present it to the tion in that Week's paper. a fortnight, we may open our break fast-table President or make it public during the canvass. Applications from Persons desiring to act as pers with no fear of having our coffee chilled or The whole country is aware of the absurdity of Agents or Canvassers received at the Office. Com- our eggs spoiled by the report of some new the prosecution of Mr. Davis and the continuance menace of Congressional tyranny, or the record of the indictments against General Breckinridge of some accomplished purpose of Radical wrong. and others; and the whole country, with but few We might, indeed, hope that the Christmas fes- exceptional instances of dissent, is ready to hail tivities would exert a softening influence upon a proclamation of amnesty, as the shortest and Mr. Sumner, and ameliorate the violence of most dignified mode of getting rid of these trouSchenck and Butler. But, alas, they come of a blesome cases of pretended rebellion. Why should race which does not keep the holy festival. the Democratic party have feared to array itself They grow dyspeptic upon Thanksgiving turkeys, but upon the side of both reason and justice? Why are too Puritan not to regard the observance of have they been unwilling to let the country know Christmas as sinful and idolatrous. Still, they that the Democrats in Congress were ready to have given us a respite, of which-though very urge upon Mr. Johnson that Executive act, the brief-we will thankfully make the most. performance of which his own sense of duty ought to have prompted long before? munications should be addressed to THE STATESMAN, NOTICE. ---Friday being Christmas Day, in order to give all persons in our employment an opportunity to enjoy the Holiday, we go to press this week one day earlier than usual-on Wednesday instead of Thursday. We shall do the same next week, on account of New Year's Day. Advertisers will please take notice accordingly, and send in their advertisements, designed for insertion in our next number, as early as possible. The publication of Spielhagen's novel, HAMMER AND ANVIL, The Radical papers have grown suddenly silent upon the subject of Southern outrages. The details of murder and rapine are still supplied by the dispatches from that quarter, but they are continued in the present number, will probably scarcely of a character to suit the purposes of the Republican press, since they report the terrible run far into the coming year. The translation lawlessness and unrestrained tyranny of that new will be pushed as rapidly as the sheets are re-element in the machinery of reconstruction-the ceived from Germany, where the work is now ap- loyal militia. Our information from Arkansas pearing as a serial in Der Hausfreund. Its pre-shows no abatement in the fearful outrages which sentation in an English dress in the columns of have been inflicted upon the people of that State. this paper will, therefore, keep pace with its appearance in the original German. The truth is, of the many opportunities which the President has permitted to glide away, unimproved, there only remain to him the declaration of amnesty and the pardon of the Tortugas prisoners. We scarcely choose to speak in fitting terms of the criminal indifference which has left Dr. Mudd-convicted of no other crime than the humanity which a wounded dog might have demanded-to pine month after month in imprisonment. If the counsel and endorsement of the Democratic members of Congress are needed to give Mr. Johnson courage to perform these acts withheld. The publication of the July memorial of Executive justice, we trust they will not be But a day or two since, four regiments of militia --one of them commanded by a negro-entered Lewisburg, firing upon the citizens without warn Persons remitting the subscription price for the ing, shooting them down in cold blood, and then would not have affected one honest vote in the year 1869, will be furnished with, the back num- burned two or three stores. The owner of one of whole country; and the future welfare of the bers of the paper containing the commencement them was killed, and his body thrown into the of the story-in other words, will be served free burning building and consumed. The citizens Democratic party, we are assured, will not be imwere dissuaded from attacking the wretches, for perilled, if it now repeat its appeal for universal from the 12th of December to the 1st of January fear of their conduct being misrepresented at the amnesty, and add a demand for the pardon of the next. North, and made the pretext of some new opIn view of the rapid increase of advertisements, pression. In the meantime the people have asked innocent victims of an illegal military tribunal. The playwrights need not go to the feudal or CHRISTMAS. a desideratum long felt in the means of rapid and semi-barbarous ages for the subjects of tragedy or the melo-drama. The diversions of freedom As we write, the streets are filled with the convenient transit at the crowded centres of busiand the incidents of civilization will furnish them busy, happy, hopeful throngs which always be-ness and population, and as affording a solution full material. The fearful scene at New Albany token the advent of Christmas. The shop-win- for some of the most difficult problems arising was made the text of some comment in our notes dows glitter with attractive wares, and glow with from the social progress and condition of the age of last week. We have now to add an additional the rich hues of crimson and purple and gold. in which we live. It is in this point of view, and incident, which completes the fifth act of the Eager purchasers exhaust the resources of taste in view of the further fact that we are soon to drama. The bodies of the wretched victims were in selecting some gift to serve as a memorial of have the experiment of an "Underground Raillaid out upon the cold floor of the jail; and, as friendly regard, or, perhaps, the type of a warmer way" made in this city-that we have thought it a gracious privilege, the murderers allowed the and more tender feeling. Were there no sad worth while to present some facts and figures in wives of the two men, and the sister of one of memories to come unbidden, like ghosts of the regard to what has been done in this way elsethem, the sad privilege of beholding the lifeless past, and chill the happiness which belongs to the where. Having shown what has been found neremains of those who-however criminal-were joyous season, when all the world should take cessary and what has been actually accomplished bound to them by the tenderest ties. They en-holiday, one might fancy that amid all the trials in other great cities of the world, we shall then tered paler than the dead-and, soon, shrieks and toils of life, there were some few hours in be prepared to consider what is projected in Balbore witness to their agonized feelings, followed which, casting all care aside, the heart might say timore. First in importance and in interest is by tears and plaintive moanings and all the wild to itself-"let joy be unconfined." Still, although the "Metropolitan Underground Railway" in Lonexpressions of despair. But the scene changed- there are vacant seats by the fireside, and eyes don. We find the details in regard to this underthe sister, taking the tear-stained handkerchief which once flashed with the light of answering taking already condensed to our hand in the Janfrom her eyes, laid it upon the face of her dead emotion are closed, forever, in the gloom of the uary number of Putnam's Magazine, in which it brother-then kneeling by his side swore a fearful grave, it is no treason to the loved and lost to is stated, among a variety of interesting data in oath of revenge: "Oh! my poor murdered dash away the tear and catch the inspiration of regard to "Steam-travel in Cities," that the Lonbrother! May God curse your sister, if she the general gladness. don Metropolitan Railway, as it is the largest, so avenge not your death, terribly and fully!" The A merry and a happy Christmas, then, to all. is it the first tunnel-road that has been built and menace of a fearful oath like this may be ful- Let there be wine and song and dance-let the operated expressly for city-travel. The whole filled, and more than one victim of the revenge holly be wreathed with the cedar-let the fire length of the road, when completed, with its latthus sworn may yet, in the dark hour of his glow upon the hearth, and the bright blaze and eral branches, all lying within the thickly-built fate, recall the pale face of that woman turned deep red glare of the yule log shine out upon the portions of London, will exceed twenty miles. upward, the uplifted hand pointing toward heaven, winter night, until the snow and the icicles catch Seven miles of the main line are at present in and the fierce, firm words which proclaimed a pur- the ruddy hue. But amid all the genial influences operation, besides half as much more on the pose born of death, despair, love and revenge. of the hour, and the joy and happiness we so branches. The main line forms a great circle, or The condition of affairs in Spain is not en- sincerely invoke, let each heart preach to itself rather an irregular oval, commencing at the couraging to those who were anxious for the swift that grand sermon, whose text and adjuration Tower, following up the north side of the Thames, construction of a republic upon the ruins of an alike proclaim-PEACE ON EARTH, GOOD WILL principally within and beneath the New Embankancient monarchy. The sharp conflict between TO MEN. ment, as far as the Houses of Parliament, thence the two parties-Republican and Monarchical- Let there be, too, the ever present remem-turning towards Kensington, thence going northhas resulted in the triumph of the latter. Not brance that there are hearths which are fireless-ward and entirely encircling Hyde Park, and only was sedition repressed by the Provisional homes, dark and dreary-baskets, without store-thence with a great curve through the whole Government, but the first telegraphic reports in- and lives, sad, blighted and desolate. Let the northern side of the city to the place of begindicate that the elections have been decided against warmth and radiance of a happier fate go out to ning. On or close to this circuit, which measures the advocates of a Red Republican Government. them-let comfort be spoken and the hand opened nearly twelve miles, are situated the main stations Whether this election will solve all the difficulties to give-in a word, let the thanksgiving of every or passenger depôts of most of the great railways which have naturally resulted from the sudden- heart find its truest and most eloquent utterance that centre in London. Many of these companies ness of the revolution, we cannot judge at this in the performance of those acts of human fel- actually run their trains over portions of the distance from the scene of occurring events. That lowship, which are taught by the single and underground road, so that it is as important an there may be efforts, not only to continue some blessed word-CHARITY. adjunct to general and suburban as it is to city existing complications, but to retard the influence travel. of that popular sentiment which prefers order UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS. In its course the road does not follow any parand stability in government, to either its name There was a time when the expression "Under- ticular street or streets, but strikes through the or form, is very probable. Intrigue is possibly ground Railroad" conveyed only the idea of an- blocks in every direction. So irregular, in fact, more natural to Spain than to most countries, and other crime added to the long catalogue of those are the London streets, that it is only occasionso long as factions exist under the control of am- which in the name of Liberty have been commit- ally, as along the Euston Road, that anything bitious leaders, we may have either actual troubles, ted against Property and Law. It was the figure could be gained by following them. The city preor what is nearly as bad in its effects upon the in- of speech used to describe the covert means em-sents few of the straight and continuous thoroughterests of a nation, the menace of them. There ployed by the agents of Northern Abolitionists, to fares so common with us; and it was therefore may be a period of travail to be passed through, steal from their homes the slaves of Southern necessary, for most of the distance, to incur the but all the indications are that the final judgment masters, or to facilitate the escape of those who, expense and difficulty of running through private of the Spanish people will be to commit their from any cause, sought of their own accord to property. destinies to a firm, yet liberal government, rather change their condition. Persons whose ideas The road generally passes beneath the gas and than trust the chances of an unstable and vision upon the subject have been derived from the water pipes and sewers. The great Fleet Ditch, ary Republic. In this connection we may note mimic representation of subterranean railroad one of the largest sewers in the city, is carried that the Cuban insurrection has reached its last travel in the sensational drama of After Dark, across the road in an iron duct resembling a tubustages. The organization of the National Guard may associate the gloomy tunnel and the rushing lar bridge, at one of the open cuttings near King's in Spain has placed a formidable force of regular train with thoughts of crime of another sort- Cross. troops at the disposal of Government. General with that of murder attempted and of rescue As to the construction, the road is, for the most Dulce, it is likely, has already arrived at Havana boldly and opportunely achieved. There is a third part, a tunnel, the open cuttings averaging less with some six thousand men, sufficient in num- aspect, in which, perhaps, few of our readers have than a third of the distance; out of 23,616 feet bers to overpower the insurrectionists, and so yet learned to consider the subject-that of its between Moorgate street and Paddington, 16,920 vastly their superiors in discipline, organization and practical importance in connection with the daily are underground; and the rest, though open to arms, that they will be disposed to sue for terms. and growing necessities of city-life, as supplying the sky, so much below the ordinary level of the & Palmer, the managers of Niblo's, from repre streets, as to be hardly more than a tunnel with American. Above-ground, all that you see is a siderable stir among dramatic authors and manathe roof taken off. The stations, however, are so small structure, usually in the street, and only gers. An injunction was granted by the Court, arranged as greatly to promote ventilation. The large enough to contain the ticket-office. Entering upon the application of Mr. Daly, the author of southern section of the railway, which runs from this and purchasing your ticket, you pass directly Under the Gaslight, prohibiting Messrs. Jarrett Trinity Square (Tower Hill) to Kensington, partly down a broad and easy stairway, and, reaching senting at their theatre the celebrated "railroad following the Embankment, is 33,150 feet in the foot, find yourself in a large and well-lighted scene," which constitutes the principal stage-effect length, of which 22,176 are tunnel, but no one station, built entirely of masonry, clean and con- in After Dark, as it does in Under the Gaslight. tunnel is longer than 665 feet. venient, with the tunnel yawning darkly at either The Judge's opinion, which was published in The tunnel is solidly built of brick, with an av- end. In a few minutes you hear a hissing sound, full in last Friday's New York World, proceeds erage width of 284 feet, and is nowhere less than a train enters and stops, the carriage-doors are upon the ground that the scene in After Dark, 16 feet high. The sides of the cuttings are also thrown open by the guard, who calls the name of the play which Messrs. Jarrett & Palmer were secured by brick walls, battened and arched. the station, the passengers get out and the others interested in producing, and which is now being Double tracks are laid throughout, and in some get in, and the train is off again, with an alacrity imitation of the same scene in Under the Gaslight, performed at the Holliday Street, was a palpable places an extra rail for the broad guage of the that is to be seen nowhere else in Europe. The and an infringement of the copyright possessed by Great Western trains. At one place, indeed, the carriages are brilliantly lighted with gas, com- the author of the latter piece. In both plays, it section between King's Cross and Farringdon pressed in holders, so that one can read without seems, an effective dramatic situation is brought street, it has become necessary, on account of the difficulty. They are built with compartments in about by the use of means which the Judge conimmense concentration of traffic, to construct a the usual way, a style which, whatever its other siders nearly identical. One of the characters is second road, equal to and parallel with the first; faults, is certainly better adapted to the rapid exit placed in a helpless condition across the rails of a so that the several hundred trains which pass and entrance of passengers than the long car used railroad track, with the expectation that he will here daily may not be subjected to either danger here. They are divided into first, second and third or delay. class. The fare varies with the distance, being The trains run both ways every five or ten min- about twopence per mile for first class, and two-stage; just as the engine reaches the prostrate utes, so that it is not necessary to follow any time-thirds and one-half that for second and third class table. You merely go to the nearest station, and respectively. Liberal arrangements are made for take the first train that comes, as you would an commutation. No more are allowed to enter a omnibus above-ground. The distance from Moorgate street to Bishop's Road, about the same as from Canton to Druid Hill Park, is run in twentytwo minutes, including seven stoppages. The locomotives are small and compact, and emit neither steam nor smoke, the steam being discharged into tanks on each side, instead of going into the chimney. The heating surface is large, and a pressure of 130 pounds is obtained at starting, which is reduced to 80 by the time the next station is reached, the damper being closed during the journey. The fuel is coke, which has been burned five days, and prepared by a special process. train than can be provided with seats. be run over and killed by the train, which is momentarily expected; a locomotive, with train of cars attached, is made to pass swiftly across the body of the intended victim, another character suddenly appears upon the scene and unexpectedly accomplishes his rescue. This is the incident. The only marked difference in the manner of its representation in the two plays, consists in the substitution in After Dark of an "underground railway" for the surface-track in Under the Gaslight, and of a man for a woman in the character of rescuer. With respect to the question of plagiarism we have nothing to say. The Judge's views, however, upon the subject of the law of Theatrical Copyright generally, and his application of that law to the facts of this particular case, seem to admit of discussion, and may receive notice in a fu ture article. At present, it is sufficient to say that by an amicable arrangement between the parties, the injunction has been withdrawn, and the representation. of After Dark, with the railroad scene included, suffered to proceed without further molestation in New York and Baltimore. We saw it on Monday night, subject to some of the drawbacks incident to a first representation. It is one of the advantages of running a piece for a series of nights, The arrangements with the exterior roads using the tunnel are such, that passengers can be ticketed at any city station for places in the suburbs, or even at a distance, without change of cars. The recent extensions and lateral branches of this railway have had a marked effect in building The ventilation can hardly be considered per-up the sections though which they run. Its feet, but it is infinitely better than might be sup- pecuniary success is so great, that similar roads posed. The occurrence of two or three deaths on have been projected in every direction. The city the road, in the year 1867, apparently from as- corporation subscribed £200,000 to it, in view of phyxia, called public attention strongly to this the immense relief afforded to the crowded state matter; but in neither case did the coroner's in- of the streets. The first three and one-half miles that on each successive evening the actors know quest refer the cause directly to want of vertila- cost £1,300,000. It is the only road which is their parts better-the machinery works more tion. The air of the tunnels was carefully anentirely underground, although there are portions smoothly-and little defects discovered in the first alyzed by competent physicians, and the of others that pass beneath the streets. Indeed, representation are smoothed over and corrected. proportion of oxygen was found to be up to the ordinary the Thames Tunnel itself is at last to be utilized, This has proved the case at the Holliday Street, standard, while the amount of carbonic acid and and is now being fitted for this service, having where on the second night the play went off much coal gas was inappreciably small. The committee been purchased for the sum of £200,000 (less better than on Monday. Another advantage is were "enabled confidently to state that the atmos- than one-half of the original cost,) by the East that managers are justified in a larger outlay in putting a piece handsomely upon the stage, that is to phere of the Metropolitan Railway was not un- London Railway Company, who intend to connect run for a season or for a fortnight even-than if it wholesome or injurious to health." The returns the Great Eastern and North London Railways of the road also show, that among the employés with the railways on the south side of the Thames there is less absence on account of sickness than by this passage beneath the river. - on other railways. The pungent odor often no- In a fature paper we propose briefly to outline ticed in the tunnels has been proved to be caused the project for an underground railway in this by the brakes, the friction of the wheels against city, which is designed at once, on a large scale, the wood producing what was termed "pyrolig- to subserve the purposes of general travel, and .neous carbo-hydrogen." to afford increased facilities for inter-communica- THEATRICAL. The stations are usually made by widening the arch of the tunnel for the required length, say two or three hundred feet, so as to admit of a platform of ten or fifteen feet in width on each side of the On Monday last, at the Holliday Street, Bouciroad. Each of these platforms is connected with cault's sensational drama of After Dark was perthe street by its own staircase, so that it is never formed in this city for the first time. This is the necessary to cross the track. Indeed, on any Eng-play in regard to which Judge Blatchford renlish railway, even to step on the track is prohib- dered a decision last week in the United States ited with a stringency that is surprising to an District Court in New York, which has created con were only designed to afford entertainment for a STEAM--THE LOCOMOTIVE-GEORGE STEPHENSON. Y. horsemanship and gymnastic performances by exhibited his knowledge of machinery and inven-hesion of a smooth wheel to the surface of an ordiJames Robinson's New York Circus. The ample tive faculty by relieving the engineer of a mechan-nary rail would not be sufficient to give the locostage has been converted for the purpose into a saw-ical dead-lock into which it had been thrown. motive power to drag a load. In describing the dust ring; the horses make their exits and entrances Subsequently, while engaged in "braking" the capacity of his machine, Mr. Blenkinsop stated like human actors at the sides; the auditorium engine at the Killingworth mines, he overhauled that it weighed five tons, consumed two-thirds of a alone remains unchanged except that the parquette and put in order one of Newcomen & Smeaton's hundred weight of coals and fifty gallons of water has been raised so as to afford a better view of the machines, which, it was found, would not perform per hour; drew twenty-seven wagons, weighing performances. In point of comfort, on a cold De- its work. These and several similar successes ninety-four tons, on a dead level, at three and a cember night, this arrangement is an improvement gained him considerable reputation at the time half miles an hour, or fifteen tons up an ascent of which more than compensates for the loss of the among the local engineers, and in 1812 he was ap- two inches in the yard; and that, when "lightly associations connected with the big tent and dirt pointed engine-wright at the Killingworth "High loaded," it traveled at a speed of ten miles an floor of the circus of our boyhood. Altogether, Pit." He continued to study and experiment upon hour; that it did the work of sixteen horses in the holiday week promises fairly in the way of en- the steam-engine and other inventions, and applied twelve hours, and that it cost £400. In 1812 the tertainments suited to all tastes and ages, though himself in leisure hours to the mastery of such Messrs. Clapham, of Newcastle, endeavored to 1 the subject of Christmas theatricals, itself the topic scientific knowledge as came within his reach. In overcome the fictitious difficulty of want of adheof a very readable paper in the January number his studies and diversions he enlisted the coöpera-sion, by the application of a chain apparatus. Their of Lippincott's Magazine, invites consideration in tion of his son, and the lad, like his father, exhib-engine was tried, but failed, on account of loss of a separate article. ited a particular fondness for these pursuits. power by friction and the expense and difficulty of George took pains, moreover, to give his son such keeping it in repair. In 1813 a Mr. Brunton, of an education as his means would permit, besides Derbyshire, patented his "Mechanical Traveler," the practical teaching administered at home. To a machine planned to go upon legs, working alterincrease his income, the elder Stephenson worked nately, like those of a horse. This contrivance in odd hours at mending and making shoes for the blew up on its first trial. [The plan of the brief chapters already given miners and in cutting out clothes for the pitmen's Mr. Blackett, of Wylam, encouraged by the upon this subject has been to present, in a simple wives, and mending clocks and watches. By these success of the Leed's engine, caused one of similar and succinct manner, some general idea of the means and the judicious management of his slen- construction to be made in 1812. This machine history and progress of applied Steam, as well as der income, he was enabled gradually to give his was conveyed to the Wylam tram-way, which was some account of the men who have been promison still greater advantages. The younger Ste- fitted up with a rack-rail for its reception. It nently associated with the different inventions phenson under tuition shewed a decided talent for shared the fate of the Mechanical Traveler, and mathematics and practical science, and his acquire- "flew all to pieces" at the first trial. Blackett, and discoveries relating thereto. As often hap-ments at school were shared in and made use of nevertheless, persevered, and had a third engine pens in the serial preparation of such papers, the by the elder. They drew and modeled and studied constructed, which proved more successful than compiler finds himself partially anticipated. An together when the senior was off duty from his the other two. With this he was enabled to draw article in Harpers' Monthly for October, (to which work, and could spare time from the more profita-eight or nine loaded coal wagons at a speed of his attention has been called, and which has ac-ble employment of making shoes and mending about one mile an hour. But great difficulty was tually been brought under his notice at the mo- clocks. Thus the elder gradually became absorbed experienced with this machine on account of the ment of beginning this, the last of the series,) in mechanical inventions, and the son, to assist disarrangement and breakage of the track. The him, assiduously applied himself to mathematics power, being applied to the toothed-wheel, it was touches somewhat upon this topic. The maga- and abstract science. They took up the study of very apt to get off the rack-rail, and then the ma zine article seems to have been taken, in many astronomy together, on one occasion, and worked chine stood still. Blackett, at length, resolved to parts, verbatim from the Life of the Stephensons, out the latitude of Killingworth, in order to make try the experiment of a smooth track, and to disto which allusion has heretofore been made. But a sun-dial for the front of their cottage. The dial pense with the rack-rail, which had proved the nothing is to be found in the October Harper con- bears the date of August 11, 1816, and remains on principal cause of his previous discomfitures. He cerning the early history of Steam; nor the per- the front of the cottage to this day, suggestive of demonstrated by a successful experiment that the fection of the Stationary Engine by Watt and the life that was once within. The elder Stephenothers; nor of the application of steam to Navi- son, meanwhile, being attentive at all times to his gation; nor is that account as full, explicit and duties at the mines, made several improvements from time to time in the methods of mining at intelligible as the one given in a late number of Killingworth, by applications of steam machinery, The Statesman concerning the early history of instead of horse-power. the Locomotive.] weight of the engine would of itself produce sufficient adhesion to enable it to draw upon a smooth railroad the requisite number of wagons in all kinds of weather. And thus the fallacy, which had heretofore prevailed on this subject, completely exploded, and it was satisfactorily proved The experiment of Trevithick on the Merthyr that rack-rails, toothed wheels, endless chains and The colliery village of Wylam is situated on the Tydvil tram-road in 1804, to which reference has legs, were alike unnecessary for the efficient tracnorth bank of the Tyne, about eight miles from already been made, did not materially advance the tion of loaded wagons upon a moderately level Newcastle, in the county of Northumberland. In progress of the locomotive. A Mr. Blackett, the road. The new Wylam engine, dispensing with this place, on the 9th of June, 1781, George Ste-owner of a colliery at Wylam, became interested, the useless contrivances aforementioned, was found phenson was born. Past the door of the cottage however, in Trevithick's experiments, and obtained upon a smooth track to be a vast improvement in which he was born ran the first tram-way built from him in the same year the plans of his steam- upon its predecessors. One difficulty, however, in the north of England. His father tended a carriage, with a view to its practical introduction it was found impossible to avoid: the jets of steam "fire engine," used in drawing coals from the at the Wylam mines. In 1808 the wooden tram- blowing off into the air at high-pressure caused mine pits. The machine generally in use at this way, before mentioned, was taken up, and a plate- considerable annoyance to the horses passing time, in that region, was the atmospheric engine way of cast iron was laid down. On this, coals along the road, at that time a public highway. of Newcomen, heretofore described. While yet a were hauled by horse-power from the colliery to The nuisance was felt to be almost intolerable, and lad, George began to assist his father in firing the the village of Leamington, four miles down the a neighboring gentleman threatened to have it engine, and very soon developed a taste for me- Tyne, and thence shipped into keels or barges and put down. To diminish the noise as much as poschanics. He rapidly made himself acquainted floated past Newcastle to be sent to London. Mr. sible, Mr. Blackett gave orders that so soon as any with the mining machinery then in use, and began Blackett's first experiment with Trevithick's loco- horse or vehicle drawn by horses came in sight, at an early age to try his hand at models of his motive was not successful. But in 1811 Mr. Blen- the locomotive was to be stopped, and the frightown. Outside of work hours, at about the age of kinsop, manager of the Middleton Collieries, near ful blast of the engine thus suspended until the eighteen, he began to learn to read and write, and Leeds, revived the idea of using the locomotive, passing animals had got out of sight. Much intermaster the rudiments of arithmetic. Having instead of horse-power, for hauling coals. He con- ruption was thus caused to the working of the railpassed through the various preliminary grades, at structed an engine for this purpose, which proved way, and it excited considerable dissatisfaction the age of twenty-one he attained the position of a commercial success, and continued in use for among the workmen. To abate the nuisance a "brakesman" to one of the stationary engines at twenty years. The principal peculiarity of Blen- reservoir was provided immediately behind the Willington mines. kinsop's engine was the addition of a driving- chimney, and, into this, the waste steam was On the 28th of November, 1802, he married wheel, which was toothed and worked into a rack thrown after it had performed its office in the Frances Henderson, mother of his son, Robert on one side of the railway, on the principle of the cylinder. This arrangement was devised for the Stephenson, who was born on the 16th of October, cog-wheel. This was the first engine that ever express purpose of avoiding the steam blast in the 1803. In 1804 he superintended the repairs of one plied regularly upon any railway. The idea pre- chimney, the value of which was subsequently deof Boulton & Watt's machines in Scotland, and vailed at the time of its construction that the ad-monstrated by George Stephenson-"as being, in |