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civil and religious (?) liberty they reared, was none horizontal connecting rods, instead of the chain ject of some controversy. The invention has been other than that designated by the hallowed name gearing, was rendered impossible, on account of claimed for Trevithick; but we have already seen we have quoted. Upon this point there is much the low state of the mechanical skill of the country, that the latter employed a fanning or blowing ap to be said. To its full elucidation, there is in- which was incapable of forging cranked axles of paratus for his steam carriages, evidently without sufficient soundness and strength to stand the jar understanding the power and purpose to which vestigation and review of much New England of ordinary locomotive work; though Stephenson Stephenson put his valuable adjunct to combus history pre-requisite-which we must needs had actually devised the crank movement instead tion. It is also claimed for William Hedley that of the cog-wheels or chain-gearing, the latter of he used the blast pipe for the Wylam engine in Mr. Motley, the historian, put a fitting crown which devices he was compelled, finally, to adopt. 1814; but the testimony of Robert Stephenson in upon the self-glorification of the evening by the The chain-gearing, however, became streached in 1857 goes to show that the Wylam engine has no sentiment which he proposed-New England Na- time, and the engines were liable to irregularity in blast-pipe, and this statement is farther confirmed tionality. It is the opposite, we suppose, to their working. Nevertheless, this machine and by Nicholas Wood in his Practical Treatise on Southern Provincialism. Other speeches there others similar to it, were in profitable use at the Railroads, first published in 1825. On the conKillingworth Colliery Railway for some years. trary, as we have already noted, it appears that were made, and letters read from invited guests Eventually the chain was laid aside, the fore and the Wylam engine had a contrivance for preventwho were unable to be present; but the spirit of hind wheels were united by rods on the outside, ing a blast. The claims of Goldsmith Gurney to the whole occasion is best embodied in the old instead of by rods and crank-axles inside, as speci- this invention in 1820, and that of Timothy Hackfamiliar string of resolutions supposed to have fled in the original patent. These difficult.es, worth in 1829, are distinctly disproved in favor of originated with the Worthies whose merits were among others, which Stephenson had to encounter Stephenson in Wood's Treatise, in which a deso modestly set forth by their happy descend- and overcome, are hinted at to shew the progress scription is given of the Killingworth engines, the locomotive had attained when he took hold of built in 1816, and the application of the steam "Resolved, That the earth is the Lord's and the its introduction and improvement; they, in them- blast in them is especially noted. To Hackworth, fullness thereof. selves, part of the history of the gradual success however, some credit is due for the early use of that awaited his arduous efforts, and made, at the multitubular boiler for passenger engines re"Resolved, That the Lord hath given the earth length, this engine the most remarkable physical quired to run at a high rate of speed, an invention to be the heritage of his saints.

ants

1

"Resolved, That we are his saints."

The report from which we gather the extracts we have given omits to state whether the festivities closed as did the similar celebration which took place in Washington the same day "with the Doxology and dancing!" STEAM--THE LOCOMOTIVE-GEORGE

STEPHENSON.
V.-Continued.

To appreciate the merit of the inventor, as well as properly to understand the progress of any

agent of the modern world. Stephenson's chief that was made practically possible only through
merit as an inventor and improver of the locomo- the use of the steam-blast, which, it must be
tive, however, lies primarily in his adaptation of owned, Hackworth, in turn, succeeded in increas-
the steam-blast to support rapidity of combustion. ing in sharpness and power.
Having observed the great velocity with which
the waste steam escaped into the open atmosphere,
compared with the velocity with which the steam
issued from the pipe or chimney, he conceived the
idea of carrying steam into the chimney and there
allowing it to escape vertically, and imparting its
velocity to the ascending current of air passing
through the pipe. "The experiment was no sooner
made than the power of the engine became doubled,
as it were, by a blast; consequently, the power of
in the same proportion, the useful duty of the en-
gine was augmented." *

But Stephenson was far from satisfied with his first efforts at the construction of a locomotive One of the principal impediments to the perfection of this machine was due, as we shall have occasi to note in a succeeding paper, to the imperfect construction of railways at the time Stephenson began his earlier improvements. As the subject of railways is, however, more distinctly to te treated hereafter, we shall confine ourselves for the present entirely to the progress of the locom>

proved rails, Stephenson embodied certain specif cations for the improvement of the locomotive itself. In addition to those already described. these included the use of malleable iron wheels. besides the steam-blast and the use of steam generated in the boiler as a substitute for springs. It 1818 he entered into an investigation of the practi

specific invention, it is well to bear in mind the the boiler for generating steam was increased, and.tive. In 1816, in connection with a patent for indifficulties which are invariably met with at the beginning of all great enterprises-to note the slow stages of the struggle through which all the great improvements of the world-material as well as moral-are obliged to pass to their ultimate development. It was the quality of perseverance which sustained Watt-the patient application of his powers to a given purpose. The same characteristic stood by Stephenson in his endeavors to

"Thus in 1815," says Robert Stephenson, "my father succeeded in manufacturing an engine which included the following important improvements on all previous attempts in that direction: Simple and direct communication between the cylinder and the wheels rolling upon the rails; joint adhe-cability of steam carriages for common roads. sion of all the wheels attained by the use of hori- which we have already seen, in a preceding paper method of exciting the combustion of fuel by em- The idea of using steam carriages upon publi engaged in steam locomotion who preceded him ploying the waste steam which had formerly been allowed uselessly to escape." It is not too much highways was of far more promise to the popular to say, he proceeds, "that this engine as a mechan- mind, at this time, than the introduction of locical contrivance contained the germ of all that has motive engines upon railways especially corlocomotive "few parts, simplicity in their action, since been effected. It may be regarded, in fact, structed for their use. Stephenson, however, wa and great simplicity in the mode by which the as a type of the present locomotive engine." It is not carried away by popular opinion; on the ectpower was communicated to the wheels, support farther stated by Robert Stephenson that engines trary, he addressed himself to a series of exper ments, by which he demonstrated that the idea c working steam carriages economically on commen roads was out of the question. He established empirically, the principle, already known t

perfect that mighty agent of modern civilization, zontal connecting-rods; and, finally, a beautiful/ was a pet project of Trevithick and the inventers

the locomotive. In 1815 he took out a patent for a second engine, in which there was an almost entire change of construction and mechanical arrangement; it combined, indeed, in a remarkable degree, the essential requisites of an economical

ing the engine." The mechanical skill of the country at the time of the construction of this engine, did not furnish appliances of sufficient strength and of the requisite character for the con

constructed in the manner above described in 1818,
were in use at Killingworth Colliery as late as 1856,
drawing heavy coal trains at a speed of five or six
miles an hour, "as economically, perhaps, as any

struction of a locomotive in its more modern and of the more perfect engines now (1856) in use." science, but of which no notice had as yet been

perfect form. Stephenson, therefore, with such resources as were at his command, was obliged to adapt his second engine to the defects in the con

Among the ingenious contrivances of the elder taken by practical engineers, that friction is uniform. Stephenson, indicative of the state of locomotive at all velocities. He also investigated exper struction of railroads as well as machinery which machinery at this time, was the adaptation of the mentally other resistances to which carriages ar exposed; these he classified as mainly three-first cylinders of the Killingworth engine to act as prevailed at the time. He communicated the springs upon the axles, relieve the weight of the upon the axles; second, the rolling resistance be steam power to the wheels from two upright or vertical cylinders partially submerged in the jar upon the track, and distribute the weight of tween the circumference of the wheel and the surthe boiler and its appendages equally upon all the face of the rail; and, third, the resistance of boiler at its extremities; the rods worked up and wheels. "The mode he adopted of supporting the gravity. In the course of these experiments be

down in a ball and socket joint, alternately. In order to combine each pair of wheels, he used, instead of the spur-gear aforementioned, a chain

passing from the centre of one axle to the other, over indented wheels made to catch in the joints or links of the chain, so that the two pairs of wheels were effectually coupled and made to keep pace with each other. The use of cranks and

engine remained in use until the progress of spring
making had considerably advanced, when steel
springs of sufficient strength superseded this highly

ingenious mode of distributing the weight of the
engine uniformly among the wheels."
The steam-blast of Stephenson has been the sub-
Robert Stephenson, 1856.

not only became satisfied that the working of steam carriages upon the rough surface of common roads was not practicable as a matter of economy, but he also began to consider the question of gradients upon future locomotive lines-the vital importance, in an economical point of view, of reducing the country through which a railway was intended to pass to as near a level as possible.

pipe.

While, therefore, other inventors were attempt-provement will turn out like the steam carriages sovereign remedy for all wounds, visible and ining to apply steam power to turnpike roads, Ste- of which we have been told so much, that were to visible-an assuager of grief, an exalter of power, phenson became devoted to the railway locomo- supersede the use of horses entirely, and travel at a panacea for all the ills that flesh is heir to. The tive. And, although locomotive engines were in a rate almost equal to the fleetest horse!" A sup- burden on your shoulders weighs a thousand daily use at Killingworth Colliery, it was eight position utterly scouted by the sagacious editor of pounds-will nepenthe make it lighter? Not by a years before another locomotive railway was con- the Gazette. The Tyne Mercury asked, in its feather's weight; but it will make you a thousand structed and opened for purposes of coal and other edition of November 16th, 1821, "What person times stronger, and then the burden will seem no traffic. The first engine constructed to order by would ever think of paying anything to be con- heavier than the soap-bubble you were wont to Stephenson was one after the Killingworth model, veyed from Hexham to Newcastle in something blow, in your boyhood days, from the bowl of your made for the Duke of Portland, in 1817, for the like a coal wagon upon a dreary wagon way, for use of his tram-road, ten miles in length, from the greater part of the distance by a ROARING Camacho seeks the wizard, and buys a full meal Kilmarnock to Troon in Ayrshire. The poverty STEAM ENGINE?" Stephenson nevertheless in- of happiness for a penny on the first day, for two of the railway, however, induced at length aban- duced the Directors of the Darlington line to try pence on the second, and he is delighted to find the donment of this locomotive. Its original cost was one of his locomotives, and upon the opening of ew material so cheap and so abundant. He gets £750; and it was sold for £13 and broken up in the road he had "No. 1" engine, "The Locomo- enough to send him far away, as Dr. Anstie says, 1848. In 1819, however, the owners of Hetton tion," ready for the trial. On the day of the open-"from the surroundings of life and into a fool's Colliery, in Durham, determined to lay down a ing a great procession was formed, headed by Ste- Paradise, filled with illusions of sensual delight." locomotive railway from their works, eight miles, phenson's engine, with coal wagons fitted for pas- It needs not a wizard to know that the fool will eat to the ship places of the Wear, near Sunderland. sengers and filled with the same, and coal wagons again, and again, and again, and will pay in adThis road, operated partially by a series of inclined filled with coal, in all twenty-seven, and there was vancing geometrical progression, until fortune, and planes, and partly by locomotive engines, was a great concourse of people assembled, gentleman wife, and mind, and soul, and body, are all sacriopened by Stephenson on the 18th of November, riders and runners to keep pace with the train, ficed to or for the delusion and snare which prom1822. On the day of the opening five of Stephen- and spectators crowded all along the line-so great ised perennial happiness. son's locomotives were at work. The speed at was the notoriety of this enterprise growing out of Many men find in opium the first taste of nepenwhich they traveled was about four miles an hour, its novelty and the protracted struggle it had un- the. Now, opium is a good gift in itself, and a each engine dragging a train of seventeen wagons, dergone in Parliament for a charter. Ahead of potent one; but like many other good gifts, when weighing about sixty-four tons. In his various the whole procession was a herald on horseback, used to abuse, it takes a man a willing victim for enterprises at Killingworth and elsewhere, the between the rails and in front of the engine, bear- the most part, from safety to danger; and it is said, elder Stephenson was greatly assisted by his son, ing the pacificatory motto of the Company on a and it is true, that he who loves the danger shall whom after leaving school in 1819, he apprenticed flag-"Periculum privatum utilitas publica" perish in it. There are men who should never to the "head-viewer" at Killingworth. In the floating in the front! Five or six miles an hour know, theoretically or practically, that any drug year of the opening of the Hetton railway, Robert was all that was expected of the engine; and peri- will abate pain, or even remorse, and raise them Stephenson was sent for a short course of instruc- culum privatum was thus neatly offset by an as- up to a certain condition of pleasurable exhiliration to Edinburgh University. Here he continued surance of public utility! At a favorable part of tion, though it be indeed but in a fool's Paradise. for six months, at a cost of £80-a large sum in the road Stephenson called upon "Periculum pri- Such men have a constitutional craving for morbid those days for the paternal exchequer the best in-vatum" to get out of the way, and put on steam. exaltation, and they will seek it at any risk. The vestment, however, probably ever made of a simi- The speed of the engine was raised to twelve or Confessions of Opium-eaters will not deter the lar sum for such a purpose. At the end of his fifteen miles an hour, and the runners and gentle- majority of readers from attempting rash experiterm of tuition Robert returned, having acquired man outriders and the herald were left far in the ments. In reading De Quincy's Confessions, we considerable scientific culture, as an evidence of rear! Even after this, the directors put a horse thought them quite as likely to encourage as to his ability and industry, bringing with him a prize car on the road for passengers; until, eventually, discourage the vice of opium-eating. The proper for mathematics, won at the University. This was it was forced off the track, after the fashion of the moral is not always derived from the morale of the the end of Robert Stephenson's "schooling"-a solitary horseman in the procession. text. The preacher who undertook to preach down fact which is here recorded to shew the kind of the Black Crook, only gave it an effective advertheoretical preparation the greatest railway engitisement. Correggio's Magdalen may be considneer of his day enjoyed, apart from the practical ered a sort of a text-but when did it ever inspire teaching and constant cooperation subsequently a love of new-fledged virtue, or a salutary aversion in his father's schemes. As his connection with to the sin or the sinner? As a matter of fact, De the English and Provincial railway system is more Quincy's Confessions have prompted the taste for marked than his association with the early history opium-eating, as Coleridge and William Blair bear of the locomotive, we shall have occasion to make witness, to their sorrow. more particular mention of him hereafter.

[CONTINUED NEXT WEEK.]

Reviews.

THE OPIUM HABIT.*

De Quincy derived, as he says, exquisite pleasure from opium, and pleasure of a higher grade than is ever afforded by the more familiar demon.

"I do not believe," he says, "that any man having once tasted the divine luxuries of opium, will afterwards descend to the gross and mortal enjoyments of alcohol. I take it for granted"That those eat now who never ate before,

This is a curious and instructive book, especially interesting to the physician, the psychologist, the moralist, and to that numerous portion of the huThe first rail of the Stockton and Darlington man family which is burdened with grief, or care, Railway was laid on the 23d of May, 1822. This or pain. Some such burden most men bear, and was the first railway proper opened in England. unwillingly enough, as the reader will bear witIt was twelve miles in length, from Stockton on ness. The old man in the fable called upon Death the Tees to Darlington in Durham. In 1824 George to relieve him, though he objected to the proffered Stephenson, Edward Pease and Thomas Richard-assistance when it came; your good Christian bears son opened their locomotive works at Newcastle. his cross but too often about as meekly as the philThis was the nucleus of the gigantic establishment osopher bears the toothache: and in short, old and And those who always ate, now eat the more.' which was afterward built up in the same location. young, grave and gay, the wise and the foolish, But on the other hand, let us listen to the SusThe Darlington railway was finished on the 27th have ever something weighty upon the shoulders piris de Profundis. In reading of the days of of September, 1825. Although the tram-ways of the body or the spirit that they wish to be rid wretchedness following opium debauches, one is previously mentioned, built by Stephenson and op- of. But the burden, like the little old man of the instinctively led to think of the sufferings of hell. erated by his locomotives, as well as that operated sea astride of Sinbad, will not be cast down, nor And sure enough, one victim after another uses by the Blenkinsop machine, would seem to have can the bearer make it drunk with the juice of the the term hell to express his torment. "You have settled the practicability of such a motive power; grape, so that, when drunk and powerless, he may yet there still existed a vast popular prejudice not dash it to atoms. What is left, then, for a restive only against railways, but especially against the man, who is not willing to plod through life, laden use of the locomotive engine. It was some time like a pack-mule? What can he do but call upon in doubt, whether to run the Darlington line by the wizard who deals in NEPENTHE? "Nepenthe! horse power, or to adopt Stephenson's locomotives. what's that?" says Camacho, eagerly, the very last tion," to use his own words, "most vivid, could As a curious instance of the feeling which pre- man in the world who ought to be interested, con- not conjure up visions of horror half so terrific as vailed at this time upon this subject, the following sidering his superabundance of riches, and his the fearful reality. I knew that for every hour of paragraphs from newspapers of the day may be beautiful wife. Well, Camacho, nepenthe is a comparative ease and comfort its treacherous allicited: "There has been some talk," wrote the ance might confer upon me now, I must endure *The Opium Habit, with Suggestions as to the Remedy. Whitehaven Gazette from a puff criticism in the "It is almost like Dives sending for a messenger to his days of bodily suffering; but I did not, could not, Monthly Review, "of an improvement on the brethren; but tell them-tell all young men what it is conceive the mental hell into whose fierce corrod-'that they come not into this torment.'"-Request of principle of railways; but we suspect that this im- a dying opium patient. New York: Harper & Bros. 1868. ing fires I was about to plunge." The bodily tor

no conception," says Coleridge in a letter to a friend, "of the dreadful hell of my mind, and conscience, and body." When Blair was dallying with the drug, he believed that something horrible would result from its use, "though my imagina

under the express directions of the attending phy- too indulgent, and encourages in that way the disre-
sician.
spectful behavior of an artist who, on any Euro-
pean stage, would have been hissed by the audience
and fined by the Director.

ments are not more endurable. In one case, the
whole intestinal canal seemed as if scoured with
aqua fortis. In another, "it seemed as if my arte- We may say, finally, that the ingenuous reader
ries and veins ran with boiling water, instead of who wishes to obtain ideal glimpses of heaven and
with blood, and as the current circulated through hell, may find them delineated, in the midst of
the brain, I felt as if it actually boiled up against many practical facts, in the graphic pages of the
and tossed the skull at the top of my head, as you | Opium Habit.
have seen the water in a tea-kettle rattling the
lid." Add to this a thirst like that of Tantalus,
that water cannot appease, and weeks of sleepless
days and nights, when the eyes of the body are no
sooner closed than to the eyes of the mind appear
horrible visions, terrible phantoms, or loathsome
beasts and reptiles, co-tenants, mayhap, of a grave
in which the living man believes himself to be
prematurely buried!

MAX MARETZEK'S ITALIAN AND
GERMAN TROUPE-IL BARBIERE

The Opera of Martha was performed in a gratifying manner. Mrs. Rotter's, and particularly Formes', voices are fatigued; nevertheless, they sung very tolerably and acted well. The scene of the Spinning quartette was somewhat overdone— Martha is a Comic Opera, but not a Bouffe.

DI SIVIGLIA-MARTHA. We have to note the same difference between Habelmann is, like Hermann, a very good and the execution of Il Barbiere di Siviglia and Mar- conscientious artist, entirely absorbed by his rób. tha on Wednesday week, that was observable be- He sung very well, and, what is characteristic of a tween the Sicilian Vespers and Fidelio, with the perfect actor, he never forgets that he is on the distinction, however, that in Il Barbiere there is stage. We feel happy to acknowledge such a but a single Chorus, and the orchestration being difference between him and Brignoli, in the manless complicated than in the Sicilian Vespers, its ner they respectively understand their duties toperformance was not quite so bad. wards themselves and the public; and that the press of this city did not share our sentiments on the subject, only illustrates how lightly true merit ΝΕΜΟ. is sometimes appreciated.

All the pleasure derived from opium-eating is very transient, and the victim soon finds that he eats no longer for pleasure, but to raise him from the depths into which its use has cast him. After a brief period, "all the effects produced by the Miss McCulloch, to begin with the best, is a opium," says a victim, "are to keep the body at that level of sensation in which one feels positively South Carolinian, from Columbia, and has been alive, and capable to act, without being impeded studying only two years for the stage. She ceror weighed down by physical languor and impo-tainly deserves praise for what she has accomtence. Such languor and impotence one feels from abstaining merely a few hours beyond the wonted time of taking the dose. It is not a pleasure then that drives on the confirmed opium-eater, but a necessity scarce less resistible than that Fate to

which the pagan mythology subjected gods not less

than men."

The vice of opium-eating is increasing rapidly in this country among all classes, whether in easy or luxurious wealth, or in stinted and laborious poverty. People eat it who know all about it from books, before their own experience confirms their knowledge, and others eat it who do not know it as a common vice, or as one that has a written history. "What shall they do to be saved?" This question is discussed in the Opium Habit, and for the reply, we may refer the reader to its pages. Meantime, we may observe that unless the patient is very far enslaved, by a very resolute exercise of the will, and under the counsel and advice of an experienced physician, he may be restored to normal life and condition. After a certain term, or stage, the case becomes hopeless; the end is death,

with or without the continued use of the fatal drug.

The beginning of its use is often attributed to medical prescription; should physicians then continue to prescribe so dangerous a remedy? Undoubtedly. They cannot forego the use of a drug of which it has been said, Tam homini quam morbo, somnum conciliat. It eases the dis-ease, as well as the patient. If abuse is to preclude use, physicians can use no remedy, and yourself, reader, might have to give up terrapins and oysters, and even many less luxurious articles of food.

HAMMER AND ANVIL.
A NOVEL,

BY FRIEDRICH SPIELHAGEN.
[Translated from the German for The Statesman.]

CHAPTER VI.

On awaking the next morning, it was long erc I

plished in so short a time, and encouragement for
the future. Her voice is not remarkable, but
good, particularly in the medium, and she vocal-
ized well the cabaletta of the Cavatina Una voce
poco fà. Her acting and mimic powers require
cultivation and study, but still her meaning was
good, and sometimes she was very successful in its could arrive at a clear consciousness of my situa
expression. As she evidently shows ambition to tion. My sleep had been disturbed by frightfu
become a very good artist, we shall respectfully dreams, which had left an oppression upon my
advise her to observe, on every occasion, the rules spirits. It still seemed to me that I heard my
and conventional proprieties of the stage and the father's voice, when a part of my dream recurred
play. To sing, as she did, an English song in Il to my memory. I had been fleeing from my father,
Barbiere, is simply absurd. Any air interpolated and came to a smooth pond, into which I threw
in an opera should have words in the same lan-myself, to escape by swimming. But the smooth
pond suddenly changed into a stormy sea, upen
guage as the libretto, and if she was absolutely whose waves I was now tossed toward heaven, and
determined to make a change, a Spanish song now plunged into the abyss. I was paralysed with
would have been the only suitable selection.

Orlandini as Figaro and Barili as Bartolo were very poor. The first was out of breath in the air Largo al factotum, and his voice failed twice in the Quintette Buona Sera, and in the Trio Zitto, Zitto. The second, with a view certainly to imitate Brignoli, skipped a whole scene with Rosina, and the air Mi manca un foglio.

terror; and strove in vain to call to my father for help, while my father did not see me, although he ran up and down the shore, within reach of me, but wrung his hands and broke into loud lamertations over his drowned son.

I passed my hand repeatedly over my brow to drive away the frightful images, and opening my eyes and looking around, found myself in the

room into which my host had conducted me on Signor Brignoli (we think we must say Signor, the previous night. The light in the great bare as Sipp and Kopta always use Herr before their apartment was so dim, that I thought at first it must names, although both Italian and German words mean nothing more than Mr. in English,) did not take the least trouble to sing or play his part. He did not utter a sound in the finale of the first act, and during the scene of the Singing Lesson Meantime, if it be useless, in these columns, to he sat at the piano as if he were reading the advise those addicted to opium-eating to give up morning papers, and did not even seem very so pernicious a habit, it will not be amiss to cau-much pleased with their contents. It was, pertion the uninitiated against contracting this, as haps, the musical criticism of the Gazette or other bad habits, which are so easy to acquire and the Sun, that he did not think sufficiently comso difficult to break. But if men and women-if plimentary. mature humanity will not hear us in its own inter

be very early; but my watch had stopped at nine, and on examination I discovered that this greenish twilight was produced by the thick foliage of trees whose branches touched the solitary window. At this moment a ray of sunlight found its way through some aperture, and fell upon the wall in front of me, upon which I at first thought the most singular and fantastic figures were painted, until closer observation showed me that the dark hangings had here and there detached themselves from the lighter ground, and hung in irregul strips, which seemed the strange garments f grotesque forms.

ests-we will yet address a word of warning to Signor Brignoli is more what the Italians call a Altogether the appearance of the room was 25 mothers. "Every year," says Dr. Headland, "a Tenore di forza than a Tenore di grazia; so he was inhospitable as it well could be: the plasteri larger proportion of opium is abstracted from its not at home among the scales and the runs of several places had fallen from the ceiling, and y legitimate uses, in order to enter into the composi- Rossini's music, and his voice on those occasions in white fragments upon the floor, which was la ́d tion of those various detestible compounds with sounded entirely nasal. Is the way that he walks which, under the name of Godfrey's Cordial, Dal- on the stage the result of the accident he met with by's Carminative, Soothing Syrup, etc., mothers, last year, or a natural gait? In the first case, we whose pitiable ignorance must serve for their plea, are suffered to stupefy and poison their helpless should beg his pardon for alluding to it; in the babes." A word to the wise is sufficient-need second, we should advise him to modify it, as more be said to mothers? Children, especially, it looks perfectly ridiculous. We shall repeat should not take opium in any of its forms, except once more that the Baltimore public is really

in parquetry, but now cracked in all directions, The whole furniture consisted of a great canopied bed, the curtains of which were of faded gren damask; two high-backed chairs, covered with similar materials, one of which possessed its rerEntered according to Act of Congress, in the year

in the Clerk's office of the United States District court of Maryland.

mal complement of legs, while the other, which in years had not yet learned to stand upon three, was propped against the wall; and finally, a pine wash-stand painted white, in singular contrast to the great oval mirror in a rich antique rococo frame, which hung above it, although it is true that the gilding on this piece of magnificence was in many places tarnished by age.

I made these observations while putting on my clothes, which in the short time I had slept had by no means dried as thoroughly as I could have desired. But this was but a trifling discomfort: the thought that troubled me was, how should I dress myself the next day, and after? upon which followed the associate reflection :-what was going to become of me altogether?

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passed into a great two-windowed room looking years, a trysting-place for owls and sparrows, rats upon the court, and from this one happily back to and mice. Just so might have looked a castle enthe one adjoining my chamber, from which I had chanted by the wickedest of all witches; and I do set out. I had to laugh when I made this dis- not think that I should have been beyond measure covery, but my laughter sounded so strangely astonished if the hag had herself arisen, with hollow as to check my mirth at once. And indeed bristling hair, from the great kettle in the washit was no wonder if laughter had a strange house, into which I cast a glance, and flown up sound in these empty rooms, which seemed as if through the wide chimney upon one of the broomthey had heard few sounds of merriment in recent sticks that were lying about. times, however joyous they might have been in This wash-house had a door opening upon a lityears by-gone. For this room was just as bare tle yard surrounded by a hedge, and divided by a and cheerless as that in which I had slept; with deep trench, bridged by a half-rotten plank; just such ragged hangings, crumbling ceilings, which yard, as was evident from the egg-shells and worm-eaten, half ruinous furniture, which and bones scattered about, had formerly been a once might have adorned a princely apartment. receptacle for the refuse of the kitchen. But grass And so was it with the other rooms, which I now had grown over the old rubbish-heaps, and a pair The answer to this question was by no means examined again more attentively than at first. of wild rabbits darted at sight of me into their clear; and after some consideration I hit upon the Everywhere the same signs of desolation and de-burrows in the trench. They might possibly preidea that it would be as well, before I came to a cay; everywhere mournful evidences of vanished serve some legend of a time when the trench had decision-which in any event was not a matter of splendor: here and there upon the walls hung life- been full of water, and these burrows the habisuch instant urgency-to consult my friendly host size portraits, which seemed to be spectrally fading tations of water-rats; but at such a remote period upon the subject. Singular enough! up to this into the dark back-ground from which they had of antiquity that the whole tradition ran into the day I had always rejected the advice of those once shone brilliantly; in one room lay immense mythical. whose position and knowledge best qualified them piles of books in stately old bindings of swineHearing a sound at hand which seemed to indito give it, and had always maintained that I knew leather, among which a pair of rats dived out of cate the presence of a human being, I pushed best what I had to do; and now I found myself sight as I entered; in another, otherwise entirely through the hedge into the garden, and following looking with a sort of superstitious reliance to a empty, was a harp with broken chords, and the the direction of the sound, found an old man who man whom I had but just learned to know, and scabbard of a dress-sword, with its broad silken was loading a small cart with pales, which he was that under circumstances by no means of a nature scarf. Everywhere rubbish, dust and cobwebs; breaking with a hatchet out of a high stockade. to inspire confidence, and whose name was in evil windows dim with neglect, except where their This stockade had evidently once served as the repute, far and near. It was in this fact, possibly, broken panes offered a free passage to the birds fence of a deer-park; in the high grass lay the that lay the greatest attraction for me. The wild that had scattered straw and dirt around-to a ruins of two deer-sheds blown down by the wind: Zehren' had held a place in my boyish imagina-plaster cornice still clung a pair of abandoned the stags who used to feed from the racks, and try tion, by the side of Rinaldo Rinaldini and Karl swallows' nests;-every where a stifling, musty their antlers against the paling, had probably long Moor, and I had keenly envied my friend Arthur, atmosphere of ruin and decay. since found their way to the kitchen, and why who used to tell the wildest stories about him, the After I had wandered through at least a half should the paling itself not follow? possession of such an uncle. dozen more rooms, a lucky turn brought me into So at least thought the withered old man whom Of late years he had been less talked about: Ia spacious hall, from which descended a broad I found engaged in this singular occupation. once heard the Steuerrath, in a public garden, in oaken staircase adorned with antique carved work. When he first came upon the estate, which was in the presence of my father and others, thanking This staircase also, that once with its stained win- the life-time of the present owner's father, there God that the 'mad fellow' had at last shown some dows, its dark panels reaching almost to the ceil-were forty head of deer in the park, he said; but signs of reformation, and the family might con-ing, its antlers, old armor, and standards, must in the year 12, when the French landed upon the sider itself relieved from the perpetual fear that have presented an unusually stately and imposing island and took up quarters in the castle, more sooner or later he would come to some bad end. appearance, offered the same dreary picture of than half were shot, and the rest broke out and At the same time some allusions were made to a desolation as the rest; and I slowly descended it, were never recovered, though a part were afterdaughter, at which several of the gentlemen whis amazed, and to a certain extent confounded, by all ward killed in the neighboring forest which bepered together, and Justizrath Heckepfennig that I had seen. More than one step cracked and longed to Prince Prora. shrugged his shoulders. Later, Arthur told me yielded as I placed my foot upon it, and as I inAfter giving me this information, the old man that his cousin had eloped with a young teacher stinctively laid my hand upon the broad balus- fell to his work again, and I tried in vain to draw from her boarding-school in the capital-or at trade, the wood felt singularly soft, but it was him into further conversation. His communicaleast had planned an elopement-and his uncle from the accumulated dust of years, into which, tiveness was exhausted, and only with difficulty had been compelled to take her back to his house. indeed, the whole stair seemed slowly dissolving. could I get from him that the master had gone out She was very beautiful, he said further, and on I knew that I had not come this way the pre-shooting, and would scarcely be back before eventhat account he the more regretted that his father vious night, when my host conducted me to my ing, perhaps not so soon. and his uncle were on such unfriendly terms, for, chamber. A steep stair, as I afterward learned, owing to this disagreement, he had never seen led from a side hall directly to that dark corridor Constance (I remembered the name) but once, and which adjoined the room I had occupied. I had, therefore, never before been in the great hall in All this and much more in this connection came which I was now standing; and as I did not wish into my mind, while I finished my simple toilet to go knocking in vain at half-a-dozen doors, and before the dim mirror with the tarnished rococo the great house-door that fronted the stairs proved frame; and as I thought of the pretty cousin, I felt chagrin at the tardy development of the beard that had begun to sprout on my upper lip. I caught up the sailor's hat which I had brought with me when I landed, and left the room to look

that was when she was a child.

for Herr von Zehren.

And the young lady?'

'Most likely up yonder,' said the old man, pointing with his axe-handle in the direction of the park; then slipping the straps of his cart over his decrepit shoulders, he slowly dragged it along the grass-grown path toward the castle. I watched him till he disappeared behind the bushes; for a while I could still hear the creaking of his cart, and then all was silent.

to be locked, I succeeded, with some difficulty, in opening a back-door, which luckily was only bolted, and entered a small court. The low buildSilence without a sound, just as in the ruinous ings surrounding this, had probably been used as castle. But here the silence had nothing oppreskitchens, or served other domestic purposes in sive; the sky here was blue, without even the former times; but at present they all were vacant, smallest speck of cloud; here shone the bright Pretty soon it became evident that this very and looked up piteously with their empty window-morning-sun, throwing the shadows of the aged natural intention was not so easy of accomplish-frames and crumbling tile-roofs, to the bare and oaks upon the broad meadows, and sparkling in ment. The room which I left had, luckily, only ruinous main-building, as a pack of half-starved two doors in it; but that which I entered had dogs to a master who himself has nothing to eat. three, so that I had to make a choice between two, I was no longer a child: my organization was not including that which led into my chamber. far from being a susceptible one, nor did I ever Apparently I did not hit upon the right one, for I lightly fall into the fantastic mood; but I confess came upon a narrow corridor, very dimly lighted that a strange and weird sensation came over me through a closed and curtained glass door. Another among these corpses of houses, from which the life which I tried, opened into a hall of stateliest di- had evidently long since departed. So far I had mensions, the three windows of which looked out not come upon the slightest trace of active human upon a large park-like garden. From this hall Illife. As it was now, so it must have been for

the rain-drops which the night's storm had left upon the bushes. Now and then a light breeze stirred, and the long sprays, heavy with rain, waved languidly, and the tall spires of grass bent before it.

It was all very beautiful. I inhaled deep draughts of the cool sweet air, and once more felt the sense of delight that had come over me the evening before, as the wild swans swept above me, high in air. How often, in after days, have I

thought of that evening and this morning; and a spot upon which the bright sunshine streamed wandered about as before. And one morning she confessed to myself that I then, in spite of all, in through a canopy of leaves, she paused and looked threw herself into this pool, and when they drew spite of my folly and frivolity and misconduct, thoughtfully upward, presenting a picture which her out she was dead. I was then only three years was happy, unspeakably happy-a short lived, is ineffaceably imprinted upon my memory, and old, and I have no recollection of her looks, but treacherous bliss, it is true, but still bliss-a para- even now, after so many years, it comes back to they say she was handsomer than I am.' dise in which we could not stay, from which the me vividly as ever. I said that could hardly be possible; and I said stern realities of life, and nature itself, expelled us A charming, deep brunette, whose exquisitely it with so much seriousness, for I was thinking of -and yet a paradise! proportioned form made her stature appear less the poor woman who had drowned herself here, Slowly loitering on, I penetrated deeper into than it really was; and whose somewhat fantastic that Constance again smiled, and said I was certhe green wilderness, for wilderness it was. The dress of a dark green material, trimmed with gold tainly the best creature in the world, and that one path was scarcely distinguishable for the luxuriant braid, admirably accorded with her striking, al- could say anything to me that came into one's weeds and wild overgrowth of bushes-the path most gypsy-like appearance. She carried a small head; and that was what she liked. So I was alwhich in by-gone days had been swept by the guitar suspended around her neck with a red rib- ways to stay with her, she said, and be her faithful trains of ladies fair, and by which the little feet of bon, and her fingers played over its chords like George, and slay all the dragons in the world for children had merrily tripped along. The surface the rays of sunlight over the lightly waving sprays. her sake. Was I agreed to that? Indeed was I, grew hilly; at the end lay the park, and over me Poor Constance! Child of the sun! Why, if it I answered. And again a smile played over her venerable beeches arched their giant boughs. loved thee so well, did it not slay thee now with rosy lips. Again the path descended towards an opening in one of these rays, that I might have made thee a the forest, and I stood upon the margin of a mod- grave in this lonely forest-glade, far from the erately large, circular tarn, in whose black water world for which thy heart so passionately yearned were reflected the great trees that surrounded it-thy poor foolish heart! nearly to the edge.

A few steps further, upon a slightly elevated spot, at the foot of a tree whose gigantic size seemed the growth of centuries, was a low bank of moss; upon the bank lay a book and a glove. I looked and listened on all sides: all was still as death only the sunlight played through the green sprays, and now and then a leaf fluttered down upon the dark water of the tarn.

I could not resist an impulse of curiosity: I approached the bank and took up the book. It was Eichendorf's Life of a Good-for-Nothing. I had never seen the book, nor even heard of the author; but could not refrain from smiling as I read the title: it was as though some one had called me by name. But at that time I cared little for books, so I replaced it, open, as I had found it, and picked up the glove, not, however, without another cautious glance aronnd, to see if the owner might not be a witness of my temerity.

This glove, I at once divined, belonged to Arthur's beautiful cousin-whose else could it be? The inference was simple enough; and, indeed, the circumstance of a young lady's leaving her glove on the spot where she had been resting, had nothing in it remarkable. But the fancy of a youth of my temperament is not fettered; and I confess that as I held the little delicate glove in my hand, and inhaled its faint perfume, my heart began to beat very unreasonably. I had walked, times without number, past Emilie Heckepfennig's window, in hope of a glance from that charmer; and had even worn on my heart, for weeks to gether, a ribbon which she once gave me as I was dancing with her; but that ribbon never gave me such feelings as did this little glove: there must

have been some enchantment about it.

I threw myself upon the bank of moss, and indulged my fancy in the wild dreams of a youth of nineteen; at times laying the glove on the seat beside me, and then taking it up again to scrutinise it with ever closer attention, as though it were the key to the mystery of my life.

I had been sitting thus perhaps a quarter of an hour, when I suddenly started up and listened. As if from the sky there came a sound of music and singing, faint at first, then louder, and finally I distinguished a soft female voice, and the tinkling notes of a guitar. The voice was singing what seemed the refrain of a song:

'All day long the bright sun loves me; All day long.'

'All day long,' it was repeated, now quite close at hand, and I now perceived the singer, who had been concealed from me hitherto by the great

trunks of the beeches.

She was coming down a path which descended rather steeply among the trees, and as she came to

I was standing motionless, fascinated by the vision, when with a deep sigh she seemed to awake from a reverie, and as she descended the path, her eyes and mine met. I noticed that she started lightly, as one who meets a human being where he only expected to see the stem of a tree; but the surprise was but momentary, and I observed that she regarded me from under her dropped lids, and a transient smile played round her lips;—in truth a beautiful maiden, conscious of her beauty, could scarcely have seen without a smile the amazed admiration, bordering on stupefaction, depicted in my face.

Whether she or I was the first to speak, I do not now remember; and indeed I clearly retain, of this our first conversation, only the memory of the tones of her soft and somewhat deep voice, which to my ear was like exquisite music. We must have ascended together from the forest-dell to the upland, and the sea breeze must have awakened me to a clearer consciousness, for I can still see the calm blue water stretching in boundless expanse around us, the white streaks of foam lying among the rocks of the beach perhaps a hundred feet below, and a pair of large gulls wheeling hither and thither, and then dipping to the water, where they gleamed like stars. I see the heather of the upland waving in the light breeze, hear the lapping of the surf among the sharp crags of the shore, and amid it all I hear the voice of Constance:

You look as if you would. But how did you really come here, and what does my father want with you? He gave me a special charge on your account this morning, before he set out: you must stand high in his favor, for he does not usually give himself much care for the welfare of other people. And how come you to have a sailor's hat on, and a very ugly one at that? I think you said you came from school: are there scholars there as large as you? I never knew that. How old are you really?'

And so the maiden prattled on-and yet it was not prattling, for she remained quite serious all the time, and it seemed to me that while she talked her mind was far away; and her dark eyes but seldom were turned to me, and then with but a momentary glance, as though I were no living man, but an inanimate figure; and frequently she put a second question without waiting for an an

swer to the first.

This suited me well, for thus at least I found courage to look at her again and again, and at last scarcely turned my eyes from her. You will fall over there, if you do not take care,' she suddenly said, lightly touching my arm with her finger, as we stood on the verge of a cliff. 'It seems you are not easily made giddy.'

'No indeed,' I answered.
'Let us go up there,' she said.

Upon what was nearly the highest part of the promontory on which we were, were the ruins of a castle, overgrown with thick bushes. But a single massive tower, almost entirely covered with ivy, had defied the power of the sea and of time. These 'My mother was a Spaniard, as beautiful as the were the ruins of the Zehrenburg, to which Arthur day, and my father, who had gone thither to visit had pointed yesterday, as we passed on the steama friend he had known in Paris, saw her, and car- er; the same tower on which I was to fix my gaze ried her off. The friend was my mother's brother, as I renounced in his favor all pretensions to Emiand he loved my father dearly, but was never will-lie Heckepfennig. This I had passionately refused ing that they should marry, because he was a strict to do-yesterday: what was Emilie Heckepfennig Catholic, and my father would never consent to to me to-day?

become a Catholic, but laughed and mocked at all The beautiful girl had taken her seat upon a
religions. So they secretly eloped; but my uncle mossy stone, and looked fixedly into the distance:
pursued and overtook them in the night, upon a I stood beside her, leaning against the old tower,
lonely heath, and there were wild words between and looked fixedly into her face.
them, and then swords were drawn, and my father 'All that once was ours,' she said, slowly sweep-
killed the brother of his bride. She did not knowing her hand round the horizon; and this is all
this until long afterwards; for she fainted during that remains.'
the fight, and my father contrived to make her
She arose hastily, and began to descend a nar-
believe that he had parted from his brother-in-law row path which led, through broom and heather,
in friendship. Then they came to this place; but from the heights down to the forest. I followed.
my mother always pined for her home, and used We came to the beech-wood again, and back to the
to say that she felt a weight upon her heart, as if a tarn, where her book and guitar still lay upon the
murder were resting on her soul. At last she bank. I was very proud when she gave me beth
learned, through an accident, the manner of death to carry, saying at the same time that the guitar
of her brother, whom she had devotedly loved: had been her mother's, and that she had never
and so she grew melancholy, and wandered about trusted it to any one before; but now I should sử-
day and night, asking every one whom she met ways carry this, her greatest treasure, for her, ard
which was the road to Spain. My father at last she would teach me to play and to sing, if I stayed
had to shut her up; but this she could not endure, with them. Or perhaps I did not mean to stay
and became quite raving, and tried to take her own with them?
life, until they let her go free again, when she. I said that I could not tell, but I hoped so; and

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