Mr. Johnson's speeches. The Radical notion, how-at once how likely he will be invited to retain pos- to influence their votes, although the election of ever, seems to be that an American Minister abroad session of his port-folio. Being from New York, Grant involves the continuance and harsh execution is less a representative of the nation and of the Mr. Evarts' retention would dash these ardent ex- of these very laws; while the policy of the Demointerests of the whole people, than an exponent pectations of Mr. Pierrepoint; for great and as- cratic party is pledged to their appeal. So much of the passions and prejudices of the party in suming as that State is, it would hardly expect for the power which party exerts, even in the depower. They adopt, with a modification, Sir two Cabinet appointments. Mr Evarts, there- cision of questions most vital to the present and Henry Wotton's witty description of an ambassa-fore, is to be weakened by the greater measure of future welfare of the country. But the most exdor in his time, that he was "an honest gentleman strength which Pierrepoint is to derive from his traordinary feature of The Herald's article is its sent to lie abroad for the good of his party." leadership of the War Democracy, organized in a statement of comparative crime at the North and They expected Mr. Johnson to be as rude and body and marched in serried array into the Re- South. "We are told," it adds, "that in one insolent at the Court of St. James as Mr. Zacha-publican camp. Both being Republicans, of county of New Hampshire, there are now awaitriah Chandler, or Mr. Ben Wade, or General B. course even his rival aspirant must admit the ing trial no less than five murderers. In our city F. Butler, or any other leading Radical is in the superiority of the Attorney General's chances; (New York) homicides are almost as numerous as habit of being and acting at home, and would but upon his leadership of so-called Democrats, the nights of the year. New England furnishes, undoubtedly be and act in Mr. Johnson's place. whom he thus pretends to transfer to the stand- according to the record, nearly as many murders, Disappointed in these expectations, the precise ard of Grant, Judge Pierrepoint hopes he may in proportion to the population, as the Southern origin of which it is not easy to see, inasmuch as establish such claims to recognition that he will States." The conclusion of its article is so sigMr. Johnson has never been classed with the be the recipient of the honor New York may be nificant, so thoroughly illustrative of the views Radicals, they accuse our Minister of frater- supposed to derive from having a representative expressed by those who have judged the social nizing in England with the enemies of his coun- in Grant's Cabinet. If his calculations prove cor- and political condition of the country, without try, and raise an indignant and noisy clamor for rect, his $20,000 subscription was not an injudi- prejudice or partiality, that we quote it in full: his recall. Upon the theory just indicated that cious investment. The moral of all this is, that while Radical reconstruction cannot check the progress of crime it is the primary duty of an American Minister, England Puritanism cannot elevate the moral in the Southern States but rather fosters it; so New at this time, to represent Radicalism in Europe, we quite agree with our contemporary of The Gazette, condition of its people above the use of the knife, that the clamor is well-founded, inasmuch as in the pistol and the poison-cup. demeaning himself like a gentleman at the table and in the society of his English hosts, Mr. Johnson misrepresents Radicalism grievously. The cause of the increase of murder in the South is to be traced to the war of races, the inevitable result of Radical policy. In New England it belongs to the war of plea of political exasperation can be put in there, bad passions, to irreligion and intemperance. No for everything is serene and pleasant in New England; no military governors; no offensive negro supremacy, for New England takes care that the negro is kept in his proper place; no disfranchisement of white citizens exists there, to provoke upon the fretful porcupine;" and yet, with all the conflict and keep men's temper up, "like quills hideous reports of murder and violence in the from recent statements that we are not much betSouthern States, sad as they are, it would appear OUR DUTY. The New York Herald, in its comments upon the October elections, exhibits that very easily attained wisdom which comes after the fact. "I told you so," is the language of the political quidnunc, who, no matter what the result, always finds in it the realization of his own prophecy. It is astonishing how cheaply a reputation for sagacity is acquired in this way. It would be Mr. Edwards Pierrepoint, who has obtained amusing, were it worth the trouble, to take the something more than local notoriety by his parti- Herald's conclusions and predictions of to-day cipation in the Surratt prosecution, has lately been and contrast them with those of-say any time holding some meetings of War Democrats at within the last three months. For example, there the Cooper Institute. When it is remembered accidentally lies before us, its commentary on the that Mr. Pierrepoint voted for Lincoln in Kentucky election in August. It said: "It is ter off at the North than our neighbors in that 1864; that he means to vote for Grant in evident that a reaction has set in. *** The ex-wretchedly misgoverned portion of the country. November; that Walbridge, Wetmore and othWith this exposition, what becomes of the pression of anti-Radical sentiment in the late ers, who long since abandoned the Democratic elections in Kentucky and Oregon is but the preRadical idea that the South must be forced to party, were participants; that the rank and file cursor of a great counter-revolution, upon the accept and apply the Northern theory of society ? of these assemblages are renegades who have verge of which the country stands at this moforfeited all political association with true Demoment." If the "great counter-revolution" had crats, we are at a loss to know what these gen- been shown by the elections in Ohio and PennsylBefore the publication of another number of tlemen propose to accomplish by establishing a vania, who so sagacious as the Herald? It goes this paper, the Presidential contest will have been separate organization in the Republican ranks. back, however, to some paragraph of different fought and decided. There are those who are Possibly, the explanation may be suggested by the prophecy, and reminds its readers of the faultless disposed to regard it as already virtually settled name of the gentleman who lately came forward, discernment which led it, long ago, to foretell by the late elections, and who view the result of with immense demonstration, and contributed $20,- what the result would be in October. Tuesday next as a foregone conclusion. On the 000 to further the election of Grant. It is hardly eve of absolute certainty in the matter, it seems probable that Judge Pierrepoint would subscribe The New York Herald, of the 26th instant, idle to indulge in speculation, or debate the corsuch a sum without an expectation of its return contains a remarkable article upon the subject of rectness of the opinion quoted. The question towith large usury; and this organization of War crime at the North and South. It is remarkable, day is, what is our duty in the premises? And to Democrats must be designed to obtain for him- both for its truth and justice, and for its incon- this question we cannot see how, with any honest, self as their fugleman that consideration which, sistency, coming from a journal which is devoted conscientious Democrat, there can be but one even in the largest armies, is necessarily paid to a in its support of Grant. The murders committed answer. Among the journals that share the commander of mercenaries or the leader of a con- by white and black, the disturbances of social opinion that General Grant is certain of his electingent brigade. In what way he expects to re-order, and the general disorganization, the evi- tion, is the New York Round Table, a literary ceive his reward, of course he makes no procla- dences of which are daily catalogued in the dis- paper, quasi-democratic in politics. After refermation. But we have heard it surmised that this patches from the South, are attributed to the ring to its own course during the canvass, as havsudden segregation of War Democrats from their effects of the Reconstruction laws alone. They, ing cast its influence "upon the weaker, and, as Republican comrades involves some hostility to- The Herald declares, "are the basis of a war of it now appears, the losing side," and averring ward a very leading New York Republican, now races," and whether unconstitutional, null and that it has no regrets or apologies to offer for its a member of Mr. Johnson's Cabinet. We refer void, as pronounced by the Democratic platform, opinions, it goes on to say that, "under the cirto Mr. Evarts; and the story is that Mr. Pierre- "are certainly provocative of much mischief, cumstances-assuming, that is to say, that Genpoint is ambitious to succeed Mr. Seward, and anarchy and bloodshed." In this opinion, we are eral Grant's election is now inevitable-we should looks to the State Department as his place of satisfied, the honest judgments of a large majority be glad to see his majority a very large one." honor and repose when General Grant shall cast of the Northern people will concur. We are The reason given for this preference is certainly a the dramatis personas of his administration. One equally satisfied that such judgments will not be singular one. "The more numerous that majordifficulty lies in the universally recognized ability permitted to control their action on next Tuesday, ity, the freer will be his hands when in the Presiof the present Attorney General, which suggests and few Republicans will allow their intelligence dential chair. . . . . the stronger his constitu THE CIVIL SERVICE. ency, the greater the confidence thus expressed in differ toto cœlo from the ideas of the Republican we believe that they are quite prepared to swear him, the more complete will be General Grant's wire-pullers and tricksters, by whom he will be to-day, and to prove to-morrow, to the satisfaction independence." A good deal follows about Gen- surrounded, and that the opinions of this minor- of a Congressional Reconstruction Committee, that eral Grant's prudence and moderation, and free- ity-unless the notion of the late Mr. Henry at this moment the Radical party is in a large madom from partisan bias; and the prediction is Winter Davis be correct, that minorities have no jority in this State, and that it is only prevented confidently hazarded, that "by this time next rights-cannot be properly left out of considera- from making its predominance apparent at the year, the New York Tribune, and its whole school, tion in ascertaining and determining the popular ballot-box in consequence of the "rebel reign of terwill be General Grant's open foes; that in a short will. ror" inaugurated by Governor Swann, and his imtime the whole band of fanatics and ideologists Should General Grant be elected, and, as Presi- aginary myrmidons, the Maryland National Guard. will be arrayed against him; that as soon as the dent, hereafter exhibit those proofs of fairness and Furthermore, we are quite willing to admit that Radicals begin, in any force, to assail General moderation which The Round Table anticipates, the statement on their part would be every whit Grant, the Democrats will begin to support him; it will be all the more easy for the Democratic as true as that contained in Governor Bradford's and out of the chaotic political conditions thus party to afford him a generous and efficient sup- letter. Now, there is but one effectual way to engendered, new organizations will shape them- port, if, in the meantime, the Party identity shall answer all these misrepresentations in advance, selves, one of which will undoubtedly consist of a not have been destroyed, nor its organization and settle beyond even the capacity of a Congresunion of moderate Republicans and moderate abandoned. After all, though this it may be hard sional Committee, with General Schenck at its Democrats, who will constitute the great popular for The Round Table to understand, it is a ques- head, to call in question-the fact that the people party of the future." tion of principle, and without an abandonment of of Maryland have, of their own free choice, setAll this may well enough come to pass. We principle, no Democrat can vote for the candidate tled their own institutions as they are, and as they sincerely hope that, if elected, General Grant of the Chicago Convention. And if misled by desire them to be, and that they wish no change, may play the Republican party false, and that his sophistry, like that which we are seeking to ex- least of all such change as Congress would bring course may be such as may entitle him to the sup- pose, he should yield to the fallacious suggestion them. That is, to cast such a vote on Tuesday port of honest Democrats. But the question just that he can serve his country best by not voting next for the Democratic Electors for President now is-in advance of the fact of his election, and at all-and so helping to "unfetter General Grant's and Vice-President of the United States, as will until that election is decided, and before General hands"-let every such weak-minded or faint-place Maryland side by side with Kentucky in the Grant himself has established any claims to Demo-hearted Democrat remember that every Demo- support of Constitutional Liberty. This is the cratic support, even the negative one, shared in cratic vote thrown away or withheld, counts one duty which is made obligatory by every considercommon by President Johnson, of incurring Radi- more in the aggregate, not of General Grants, ation of public and private interest-of State cal hostility-what are Democrats to do? We but of Radical preponderance. This we take to pride-of personal honor. All suggestions and submit that none of the considerations suggested be a view of the duty incumbent upon all qualified advice to the contrary savor of timidity-of timeby The Round Table, nor all of them put to- voters who hold to Democratic principles, so serving-of false, or at best, wavering and undegether, amount to a good and valid reason why, plain, that it requires no additional words to en- cided principles. with the battle still undecided, Democrats should force it. abandon their organization, lower their colors, In Maryland there are especial reasons why the surrender their arms, and go over bodily to the Democratic vote should be a full one. Our oppo- The story told of that persistent office-seeker, camp of the enemy, which is the point, if any it nents are busy and industrious, counting upon who rushed to Washington, after a heated elechave, of The Round Table's suggestion. It is Democratic apathy and indifference, and the fact tion, and demanded the guerdon of his services, impossible, in a contest of this kind, to dissociate that there has been no active canvass in the State. in the shape of a foreign embassy, and, failing to the Candidate altogether from the Party he rep- They may steal a march upon the party unawares, obtain that, lowered his pretensions, step by step, resents. Candidates-General Grant is a forcible and though they may not, by any possibility, carry until he expressed his willingness to accept an old illustration of the fact-are usually selected with the State, they may gain some local advantages to pair of Presidential boots-in full satisfaction reference to their real or supposed "availability," which they are not entitled, and which they will of his demands-aptly illustrates the American their ability to command the largest number of owe entirely to the indolence and negligence of idea of civil service. Duties, which can only be votes. The personal popularity of the man be- their opponents. Furthermore, the threat has well performed after years of education and excomes part of the political capital of the party. been openly made, though a very idle one we re-perience, under the system of political patronage The result which follows, if that result be success, gard it, that in the event of General Grant's elec-in this country, have been habitually entrusted to is universally claimed as a triumph of the Party- tion, Maryland affairs will be taken in hand, and men whose only pretensions to office rested upon a popular endorsement and vindication of its our State Constitution remodeled by Congress, in the more than doubtful foundation of active parprinciples. So it will undoubtedly be in the event accordance with the Republican standard, as pre-tizan service. The local influences brought to of General Grant's election. The fact will be scribed for all rebellious, i. e., Democratic States. bear upon a member of Congress, in favor of some hailed by the Radical leaders as a proof of the The ground upon which this species of Congres- ambitious rustic who fancies a life at Washington, popular sympathy with Radicalism, as an en- sional interference is invoked is in every case the give rise to a pressure upon the Executive departcouragement to go on in the paths which the same. The voice of the loyal many is stifled by ments which none of them, under the best adparty has been treading heretofore, with renewed the violence and fraud of the rebel few. Could ministrations, have been strong enough to resist ; vigor and zeal. Are our Democratic friends pre- they only have unobstructed access to (meaning, and consequently we have had the civil list generpared to lend their aid to this result? Are they of course, exclusive possession of) the ballot-box, ally filled with the names of men who have brought willing to swell, by their votes, or by their failure the Republican vote would be found in an over- to the discharge of official duty the same incomto vote, a majority which, if in their favor, the whelming majority. It is not long since that we petency which had shut the doors of success upon Radical managers will claim as a verdict of "Not saw published in the daily papers a letter from their individual lives. Guilty" upon all the charges which the Demo- Ex-Governor Bradford, of this State, addressed Ever since that monstrous doctrine was procratic party has preferred against them-as the to the Philadelphia Convention of "Boys in Blue," claimed which treated public offices as spoils to seal of popular approbation upon Impeachment, to which, with the rest of his confréres in office, be distributed to the victors in our election conReconstruction, and every other enormity which the war-Governors, he had received an invitation flicts, American official life has become more and Radicalism has practised or attempted? If it be in which said letter it is said, in substance, more demoralized. So far from being prima true that General Grant "has no policy" of his that he (Governor Bradford) had the support of facie an evidence of personal merit, the possession own; that he desires simply "to execute the will a majority of the people of Maryland during his of the minor departmental offices is generally reof the people," it becomes doubly important to administration-that he represented the views, in garded as indicative of an absence of those qualishow him that the people are by no means a unit fine, of a majority of the people of this State. ties which distinguish men in the pursuits of in their approval of the Chicago platform; that We will do certain prominent gentlemen in the private life. Party zeal and labor would be poor there is a large and respectable minority who Radical party in this city the justice to say, that recommendations for responsible positions in our Whoever will take up the annual volume, known as the "Blue Book," will be startled at the long array of those who are quartered upon the public treasury, representing almost every locality in every State, and receiving salaries, the sum total of which shows a frightful aggregate. And Early in the last session of Congress a bill was yet, with this immense army of officials, it seems introduced by which provision was made for the to be universally admitted that our Government examinations to which we have referred. Its is worse served than any other in the world; that plan was that a Board of Examiners, appointed capacity and experience are exceptional; and that by the Executive, should be charged with the the qualifications of most who are placed in duty of prescribing qualifications for appointofficial situations are so low as to exclude them ments to the civil service and conducting the from obtaining responsible service from private necessary examination of the applicants. It seems, employers. The reason of this is plain. It re- however, to have been confined to the clerkships sults from the policy, which has been adopted in in the Departments, and we apprehend will find American politics, of devoting the patronage of little favor in either House. Government to the reward of party services; of yielding the public offices to a horde of greedy and persistent claimants; and of ignoring the principle that the selection of public employées should be made with sole regard to their ability to perform required duties with industry, capacity, skill and experience.. counting-houses and banks; and yet the selection ter of service, as others do the military and naval, ecclesiastical bodies. When the Convention met, of officers upon whose skill and fidelity depend the will expect to spend their lives in it, and thus the public impression seemed to be that the sermon proper performance of important duties to the add, year after year, to original capacity the ad- of Bishop Lee, preached the first day of the sescountry is almost universally determined, not by vantages of practical skill and experience. It sion, and the discussion it evoked in the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies immediately aftertestimonials of capacity and merit, but by evi- may take time to effect the necessary change; but wards, foreshadowed a sharp and acrimonious dedence of the applicant's zealous devotion to party the simple principle of competitive examina- bate upon the vexed question of Ritualism. The or his supposed agency in turning the scale of tion, once adopted, will soon produce the proper Bishop, with what may at least be considered very some doubtful election. reforms. It is not necessary to consider the de- questionable taste, made the Convention sermon, tails by which they may be carried out. We have which he had been selected to preach, the vehicle the experience of other governments to guide us; for a partisan attack upon the ideas and practices and both the French and English systems will of the Ritualists, and the presentation of what are suggest all that is necessary to be adopted in this known as Low Church views, as held by himself and the party to which he belongs. Pending a country. motion to print, various deputies, both clerical and lay, took occasion to criticise the sermon in no measured terms, and the motion prevailed, not without opposition, and only as an act of courtesy due to the office of the preacher, and to established usage in this respect. Upon various questions that have arisen in the course of the session, the Church parties has naturally manifested itself; usual divergence between the High and Low never, however, in any unpleasant way, or so as to impair the general harmony of the Convention. Upon the particular question of Ritualism, this antagonism of views has found expression in the So far as it goes, we would be glad to see this two opposing Reports, made by the majority and measure adopted. It will be one step in the right the various memorials and motions upon the subminority of the Committee on Canons, to whom direction, and may lead to the establishment of ject had been referred. The Majority Report, some system which will affect every branch of the which, it may be fairly inferred, embodies the civil service. Of course, we do not hold that the general sense of the Church upon the subject—as it higher offices, which are within the appointment certainly reflects the spirit by which, for three of the Executive, should be controlled by any hundred years, its councils have been guided-deIn the military and naval service the ordeal other selection than his own; but generally a clares "the enactment of any canon on the subject through which the cadet is required to pass is severe President or Cabinet Minister would gladly seek of Ritual, unwise and inexpedient at the present in the extreme. He must possess capacity of no for Heads of Bureaus, Auditors and Comptrollers time." The Report refers to the position of the mean order before he is even permitted to enter among those whose qualifications have been thus Church as occupying a middle-ground "between that system of training and education which tested and tried.. At all events the general effect ness in admitting, innovations in things once adtoo much stiffness in refusing, and too much easiare deemed to be indispensable to qualify him for of the establishment of a system similar to the visedly established," and as equally "averse to all the most humble positions. And the experience English-which gives life appointments, or rather restrictions of the liberty of her children in things of the war has shown, both North and South, during good behavior, to competent officials-will indifferent or unessential, so long as unity can be what developments of military capacity have re- go far toward breaking down that demoralizing maintained and spiritual edification promoted in sulted from the stern and inflexible discipline of practice of our Government which fills the public any other way." "A conscientious, and, so far as West Point and Annapolis. Now, why the same offices with swarms of incompetent partizans, may be, steadfast adherence to such vestments, principle of selection and of training should not who, in turn, give way to a hungrier horde when ceremonies, practices and ornaments, as by reason be applied to the civil service, is a question which the political wind changes to a new quarter, the Church," is recommended, and a reference of of long continued use, or by authority, belong to We have added to the origi- neither set caring or comprehending anything of all doubtful practices to the Ordinary, that is, the nal duties connected with the administration the duties and responsibilities which belong to all Bishop of each diocese, without whose judgment of the Executive departments others of a novel grades of the public service. no changes ought to be introduced. The Minority and complicated character, growing out of the While upon this subject we may refer to another Report, while reproving errors of defect, as well systems of revenue and taxation which the conreform, of sufficient importance, however, to de-as excess, in the way of ritualistic or rubrical obsequences of the war have made necessary. They servance, finds in Ritualism evidences of a Roserve special discussion. We mean the character require for their discharge agents of peculiar of our Foreign Representatives, and the principle union with "the followers of Wesley and other manizing tendency, and an obstacle to any plan of mental and moral qualification; and yet we know which determines their selection. For the pres- Christian bodies," and while it proposes no scheme too well the class of men who have been generally ent, we will only say that our Embassies should of legislation, asks the passage of resolutions, in selected; how grossly incompetent, and, in many be made schools for the education of our diplo- favor of simplicity of Ritual, and expressing disinstances, how utterly unprincipled, are most of mats. A Minister will be none the less capable approbation of "many-colored vestments, excesthem. Indeed, as a strong illustration of the of representing his country at a foreign court truth of the evil before referred to, a number of positions, involving the thorough collection of an important tax, are to-day vacant, because of conflict between a Cabinet Minister and his subordi upon no one can answer. nate, as to the political opinions of those who with ability and distinction if his intellect, his manners and his tact have received that education which can only be acquired by years of experience science. sive ceremonial, and false symbolism, as savoring too much of a foreign communion," and in par ticular of the "use of lights in the Order for the Holy Communion, the burning of incense, reverences to the Holy Table, or to the elements thereon, the elevation of the elements, and making the sign of the cross (except when prescribed in the have been suggested, on either hand, to fill them. The remedy for all these evils is not only simple but practicable. Let every office in the Depart- THE EPISCOPAL CONVENTIONments be filled only after an examination to be conducted with strictness and impartiality; let The proceedings of the Triennial Convention of the reward of faithful service in one grade be pro- the Episcopal Church, which has just adjourned motion to the first vacancy in the next highest in in New York, after a session of three weeks, have American Church," and a recommendation to all rank and compensation; let the lower grades be filled only by young men who, seeking this charac RITUALISM. Rubric,) in and during Divine Service, or the celebration of the Lord's Supper." It will be seen that no compulsory legislation appears to have been desired, or even thought of, on either side. The Minority of the Committee do not go further than an "affectionate" appeal to the clergy to "abide by the traditions and ceremonies of the been characterized by that wise moderation which "who, being in Holy Orders, would deviate, on the should at all times distinguish the deliberations of right hand or on the left, from the common order of the Church's worship," to seek the counsel and submit to the judgment of their Bishops. stone: STEAM. "Whoe'er has traveled life's dull round, sionary Dioceses are established wherever English colonies have been planted, or English commerce It is circumstantially stated by James Boswell, In these two Reports we have a reflection of that has penetrated; and that in. republican America it Esquire, of Auchinleck, that on the 19th of March, chaotic state of the human mind out of which, at has grown to be a numerous and influential organ-A. D. 1776, Samuel Johnson and he were taken up the period of the Reformation, the Church of Eng-ization, inviting union on the one hand with by the Oxford coach at Somerset Coffee House, in land emerged. Then, as now, there were two con- "the followers of Wesley," and courting alliance the Strand. It is farther deposed that they put flicting tastes to be satisfied-two opposing tenden- on the other with the Russo-Catholic Church. It up at the Angel Inn that night in Oxford; that on cies to be reconciled and controlled. On the one is well, therefore, that with such extended and in- Tuesday, being the twenty-first day of the same hand, there was the natural reluctance with which creasing opportunities for usefulness, such large month, after sundry diversions among the Dons of men, reared in the doctrines and the practices of aspirations for future expansion, no narrow and that ancient and reputable Seat of Learning, they the Church of Rome, yielded the use of external short-sighted policy should prevail, of reducing all set out in a post-chaise for Stratford-on-Avon, in forms and ceremonies to which they had been accus- things and all men to a Procrustean standard, and the County of Warwick. Having dined at Chapel tomed from infancy, and which were associated in binding all tastes and temperaments within the House, and being pleasantly borne upon their way, their thoughts with the very substance of religious | bands of a rigid and unbending uniformity. the Doctor dilated upon the comfort and hospitaltruth which they wished to retain. On the other High Church and Low Church, as those terms ity of the English tavern. He repeated, "with hand, there was the uncompromising spirit of inno-are properly understood, represent two tendencies much feeling," it is recorded, the lines from Shenvation and reform which characterized many, if not as well as two parties in the Church. It may be the most, of the Continental Reformers, who thought a great evil by some that parties should regarded their work as but half done, so long as, exist in the Church of Christ, but history does not in their own emphatic language, "a single rag of record the existence of a Church in which such Popery" remained. It has been the boast of Eng-divisions have not been found. In the Acts of the lish churchmen, at all times, that in their commu- Apostles, we read of warm debates in the Church our travelers went on to their journey's end. "As nion these opposite extremes of the human mind at Jerusalem, between two parties, the Judaizing we were being driven rapidly along," pursues Mr. have been reconciled by the adoption of a happy party, which sought to impose upon Gentile con- Boswell, "in the post-chaise, he said to me, 'Life has mean-as far from Geneva as from Rome. That verts the observance of the Mosaic law, and their not many better things than this.'" We cannot this result, so far as it has been attained, followed opponents, who, with St. Paul, successfully con- forego the conclusion, passim, that the Doctor was upon any preconceived plan on the part of the Re-tended for the larger measure of Christian liberty. moved, when he spoke, by the memory of a cerformers of the English Church, is extremely doubt-The repression of all differences of opinion, of all tain ninety days of hard riding over the bad roads ful. Accident had much more to do with the form diversity of practice in things confessedly non- he does not omit to mention, in describing a tour which that Church finally assumed under repeated essential, or which, at least, by most men will be to the Hebrides. However that may be, it pleased Acts of Parliament, amendments to the Thirty- regarded as such, is one of the greatest errors any James Boswell "to be with him on the classick nine Articles, and revisions of the Prayer-book, Church can commit. The Church of England ground of Shakspeare's native place." than any comprehensive or consistent plan or de-committed it when she found no room within her sign. As is to a great extent true of the Christian pale for the zealous and earnest-minded "fol- clares, "I enjoyed the luxury of an approach to Journeying homeward, at length, Bozzy deChurch at large, whatever germs of form may lowers of Wesley." The Church of Rome com- London, that metropolis we both loved so much have existed in its infancy, the development and mitted it when she imposed upon all within her for the high and varied intellectual pleasure that elaboration of those rudimentary principles into a communion the rigid rule of Ultramontane con- it furnishes. I experienced immediate happiness regular system was the work of circumstance and formity. The Episcopal Church in the United States while whirled along with such a companion, and time. The only difference to be found in the case will avoid it by adopting the recommendation of the said to him, 'Sir, you observed at General Ogleof the Church of England arose from the fact that Majority of the Committee on Canons, and leaving thorpe's that a man is. never happy in the present. there, at the time of the Reformation, the system to those of her members who find their devotion but when he is drunk. Will you not add-or already existed. It was necessary to modify it to aided by the use of an elaborate and splendid cer- when he is rapidly driving in a post-chaise?' 'No, suit the altered relations of the Church to the State, emonial, by vestments and processions, and choral sir,' said Doctor Johnson, 'you are rapidly driving and to the great body of Continental Christians services, free scope to gratify their imaginations from something to something.' who adhered to the obedience of Rome. Other and their feelings in this direction; while those changes were required by the modified views on whose more sober views or colder temperaments are Suppose the saying of Doctor Johnson were ap many points of Christian doctrine adopted by the best suited by a plainer and simpler ritual, find plied to the world that is going on at a similar Reformers in England, in common with their nothing in the Prayer-book to hinder them likeProtestant brethren of the Lutheran and Calvin-wise, in the gratification of their taste for a less istic schools. The busy brains of men have left Samuel Johnson rate, rapidly driving from something to something? rolling contentedly along in his post-chaise," or It is probable-the Prayer-book itself is conclu-sensuous and pompous mode of worship. rambling and musing in Elysium. Two days besive proof of the fact-that in making these changes We are aware that there are those who represent fore the notable journey which has been transEnglish churchmen went no further than the cir- either side in this argument, with whom these ex-mitted by the little gentleman from Auchinleck to cumstances in which they were placed impera-ternal observances are not considered in the light immortality, the British evacuated Boston harbor; tively required. They retained whatever they of "non-essentials" merely, and who may re- and it was only a year previous and about the were not absolutely compelled to get rid of. What proach us, therefore, with taking a wholly super-same time in the year, that James Watt obtained they changed they changed as little as they possi- ficial view of the subject. There are Ritualists who a long extension of his patent. Bearing in mind bly could. There were, no doubt, those who sin-attach deep importance and significance to these this latter incident, if you would spell out the procerely regretted the loss of many things which forms of worship, because they associate them ingress of the century in the fewest letters, write the they proscribed; as, on the other hand, there were their minds with certain lofty ideas they entertain, word S-t-e-a-m. Eureka! But what was that others who disliked much of what they were forced and wish to impress upon others, of the dignity magic monosyllable to Samuel Johnson, driving to retain. The system, if system it can be called, and efficacy of the Church's Sacraments, and of from Shakspeare's tomb to the high and varied was one of expedients and compromises. Neither the sanctity and authority of the Sacerdotal Office intellectual pleasures of the Metropolis? He may party in the Church had things entirely its own as connected therewith. So there are those who, trundle his aged bones to Shakspeare's grave and way. A Church imposed by law upon the people, for the same reason, see hidden danger in the use of sing in Shenstone's feeble flights, laudator temporis and designed to take the place of one which had the same forms, as implying, in the language of the acti. Unhappy and impracticable man! has life been Catholic in extent as well as name, should Report of the Minority of the Committee on few better things than this? properly contain room for all. Churchmen of Canons, "the false symbolism of a foreign com- The exordium is properly very brief which the present day will show their wisdom by not munion." These are differences of opinion which ushers in such a subject; for it has cost more time, attempting to abridge or restrict that room-by it is not within the scope of the present article to brains and treasure than all other physical agencies leaving a wise latitude for the indulgence of diver- discuss. The great majority of persons will con-known to the dynamics of human history. If it gent tastes in things, which the great majority of tinue to see in a difference of forms only the ex- has cost more, it has done more work. Without sensible thinking men will always regard as "non-pression of a difference in taste and temperament, Steam, civilization must have suffocated. Transessential and in themselves indifferent." Espe- and while they will not degrade Ritualism, with cially important is it that this spirit of moderation Bishop Lee, to a mere matter of posture-making, and of toleration should be observed, now that the Anglican communion, no longer restricted within the limits of the British isle, has spread itself into every quarter of the habitable globe; that its Mis and the cutting and fitting of garments, will be portation is, perhaps, the chief anxiety of commerce; to carry costs more than to produce; to carry cheaply and rapidly is the great problem of modern economics. To drag on in a post-chaise may be well enough for a philosopher, but it will not build cities, feed the poor, support human life in masses, or satisfy the Daedalian tendencies of the modern world. or evidently hinted, at the modern high pressure application of steam as a motive power by Blasco engine.-John Hautefeuille, a French mechanic, de Garay, 1543; the theory of the expansive power If you take the train at Alexandria and go down (born 1647, died 1724) was the inventor of the spiral of steam by Cardan, 1571; first application of steam to Cairo, you are on your way to Thebes, where spring which regulates the vibration of the bal- to raising water, Baptista Porta, about 1600; first stands the statue of Memnon. A mathematician ance wheel in watches. He published a work in application of steam to move stationary machinery, who once lived at your point of departure, 130 1678, in which "the alternate generation and con- Brancas, 1629; the conception of the general apyears before Christ, declared the sound which at densation of the vapor of alcohol might be applied plication of steam to practical purposes, the Marcertain hours of the day issued from the image without waste to the production of mechanical ef- quis of Worcester, 1663; to Hautefeuille the theory was produced by a steam whistle, or a similar con- fects." Hautefeuille was the first to demonstrate of condensation and the application of steam power trivance. Bear in mind the monument was erected "that the action of steam of a force no more than against atmospheric pressure, 1678; to Samuel before Homer or David sang. It may be by no equal to the pressure of the atmosphere, against a Morland the assignment of the exact numerical means certain that the Alexandrian mathematician vacuum formed by its own condensation," is a far proportions in which water increases in volume was sound in his conclusions or correct in fact, but more safe and useful application of its energy than when evaporated under atmospheric pressure, 1683. we may be well assured that this same hero made the mere expansive power of steam alone, used to Among the mechanical inventions recorded, to a steam fountain and produced a rotary motion by raise water or issuing from the Eolipyle, causing Papin is due the safety valve, the application of tubes stuck in a globe, nineteen hundred years or that instrument to revolve upon its axis by the re-steam to raise a piston rod, and a method of promore before the Sultan's railway was built, by action of the vapor. His idea, however, seems ducing a vacuum by condensation, 1690; to Savary which you can steam across the Delta of the Nile never to have gone farther than a hint or a theory. is due the application of the vacuum caused by to the Red Sea. A certain Vitruvius, military en- Samuel Morland, ambassador to several European condensation, 1698; to Newcomen and Cawley the gineer to Julius Caesar, in Africa, describes the States under Cromwell, and Under Secretary to cylinder and piston separate from the boiler, 1705; Eolipyle of Hero-a steam blow pipe. The use of John Thurloe, Secretary of State to both Crom-to Henry Brighton automatic valves, 1718; to Jasteam yas known down to the decline of the Ro-wells, published in 1683 "a description of the force cob Leupold the introduction of rotary motion, man Empire. Blasco de Garay, an officer in the of steam, in which he assigned very nearly the 1718; to John Smeaton the relative mechanical service of Charles V., in the year 1543, at Barce-exact numerical proportions in which water in- proportions of the steam engine, 1765. lona, made an experiment on a vessel which he creases in volume when evaporated under pressure The subsequent improvements of James Watt; forced through the water by an apparatus, of which of a single atmosphere."-Denis Papin, (born 1647, the origin of railways; the application of steam to a large tea kettle filled with boiling water was a died 1710) a French machinist and physicist, in- locomotive engines and to navigation; the progress conspicuous part. Cardan, an eccentric and peri-vented the safety valve, which he first applied to of railways, and some account of the lives of patetic doctor of Pavia, not altogether unlike Doc-boiling bones, to extract the gelatinous matter George and Robert Stephenson, and the personnel tor Darwin in more modern times, promulgated therefrom for food. This process he performed in of others associated with the development of apin 1571 the expansive power of steam, and hinted a close boiler, so as to obtain more heat than can plied steam power, down to comparatively recent at the vacuum produced by condensation. A be obtained in the open air. To avoid the danger dates, will be the subject of another paper. It is German named Mathesius, in 1571, described in a of explosion, he invented the safety valve. He the purpose of these outlines merely to note the sermon a machine answering to the steam engine, afterwards, in 1690, explained the application of most prominent individuals known in connection and gave "an illustration of what mighty efforts steam to raise a piston rod. He also discovered a with this topic, and to indicate the particular merit could be produced by the volcanic force of a little method of producing a vacuum by the condensa- or invention which is due to each, until steam came imprisoned vapor." Baptista Porta, (born at Na- tion of steam. He knew nothing of a separate into general use, and its enginry was made subject ples 1550, obiit. 1615,) inventor of the camera-ob-boiler, and is asserted to have failed to make a to innumerable changes and modifications. scura, and, peradventure, the telescope, was learned practical application of his discoveries. He proin optics, geometry and chemistry, and founder of posed steam as an universal motive power, and the science of physiognomy, made famous in mod-described, and, it is said, experimented upon a ern times by Lavater, and, eke, Professors Wells rude paddle steamer.-Sir Isaac Newton, the great& Fowler. Porta made a steam force pump. est philosopher known to science, (born in 1642, A French engineer, named Solomon de Causs, in died in 1726) in his Explanation of the Newtonian 1615 made a machine to raise a column of water Philosophy, written in 1680, figured "a spherical by steam generated in a heated globe.-Brancas, generator, supported on wheels and provided with an Italian, in 1629 applied the Eolipyle to turn a a seat for a passenger in front and a long jet-pipe wheel, and realized, in a rude way, the first idea behind. The whole," the paper proceeds, "is to of the application of steam to move stationary be mounted on little wheels, so as to move easily machinery.-John Wilkins (born 1614, died 1672,) on a horizontal plane, and, if the hole or jet-pipe was made Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, be opened, the vapor will rush violently one way by Cromwell. It was to his influence that Oxford and the wheels and the ball, at the same time, be University is indebted for being saved from pillage carried the contrary way." This, of course, is in the wars of the Protectorate. Wilkins was a merely a practical suggestion of the use of the I learned theologian and an acute mathematician, Eolipyle. It does not appear that Newton ever and repeated the plan of Brancas."-Athanasius made any use of his suggestion.-Captain Thomas Kircher, 1601-1680, a Jesuit priest and professor o Savary, in early life employed in the mines of mathematics and Hebrew at Rome, "proposed two Cornwall, secured a patent for raising water by Eolipyles to concur in the effects produced by steam, in 1698. To Savary is due the first practical Brancas." He also proposed a machine similar in application of the vacuum caused by condensaprinciple to that of Porta. Edward Somerset, sec- tion. In 1705, Thomas Newcomen, a smith, and ond Marquis of Worcester, (1597-1667) printed an John Cawley, a plumber, of Dartmouth, patented, account of a steam pump, said to be contrived by along with Savary, an engine, combining, for the him in 1663. In a manuscript left by him he de- first time, the cylinder and piston and separate scribes an engine applicable to navigation and boiler. To the condensing apparatus of this enother practical purposes. "It roweth, it driveth, gine was fitted self-working valves, by Henry it draweth (if need be) to pass London Bridge Brighton, in 1718.-In the same year a German against the stream at low water." It is probable, named Jacob Leupold invented or described an passim, that this latter machine, driven, "primum atmospheric engine, in which was applied, for the mobile," was merely a conception; but that the first time, a continuous rotary motion. It was former was a reality, seems to be authenticated by used for pumping water.-In 1765, John Smeaton, an account of the travels of the Grand Duke of an Englishman, greatly improved the mechanical Tuscany, Cosmo de Medicis, who traveled in Eng-structure of the engine of Newcomen and Cawley, land in 1656. This account was first published in and formed tables for the dimensions of its several 1818, and in it the water machine of the Marquis parts. Correspondence. THE WORLD'S TREASON. To THE EDITORS OF THE STATESMAN: GENTLEMEN: I have a very high appreciationso far as my judgment may be of any value-of the evident scope and design of your paper. Its independence and breadth, in treating political subjects, accords with my own convictions of the true duties of the press; while its dignity and courtesy show that a violation of the proprieties of journalism is by no means necessary to force and ability in the discussion of public questions. Still, think you have erred, possibly in the right direction, in your article entitled "A Ridiculous Proposition." I do not mean to assail its fairness, in any sense; or the justice of its views, many of which, indeed, demonstrate that very spirit of independent criticism which is abundantly exhibited in the conduct of THE STATESMAN. What I object to, is its moderation. The article in The World, proposing the withdrawal of Seymour and Blair, and the substitution of other candidates at this late hour, struck me as susceptible of no other apology than the admitted insanity of all who were privy to its publication. This being, of course, improbable, I found myself fully according with the New York Democrat's designation of it as "a column and a half of double-leaded treason." The controlling influence exerted by the city of New York over the whole country gives special importance, at all times, to any utterance by a journal in that city which has assumed the position of Democratic leadership; and when, upon the result of elections which, if they did not secure of Worcester is described as actually at work. To From these memoranda, collected from various it a triumph, had at least accomplished a complete Somerset belongs the credit of a conception of the sources, the following recapitulation of discoveries and thorough organization of the Democratic practical application of steam, and, it is surmised, and inventions is deducible: First mechanical ex-party, we were met by a proposition from so promthe invention of a separate boiler. He described, Iperiments by Hero, of Alexandria, 130 B. C.; first linent and influential a source, to haul down our |