N. C. 369; People ex rel. Gill v. Walsh (1888), 6 N. Y. Cr. 292; Crump v. Com. (1888), 84 Va. 927, 10 Am. St. Rep. 895, 6 N. Y. Cr. 342, 38 Alb. L. J. 4; Leonard v. Poole (1889), 114 N. Y. 377, aff'g 55 N. Y. Super. 213; People v. Everest (1889), 51 Hun, 19, 25, 3 N. Y. Supp. 612; People v. North River Sugar Refining Co. (sugar) (1889), 54 Hun, 354, aff'd 121 N. Y. 582, 3 N. Y. Supp. 401, 7 N. Y. 406; People v. Snaith (1890), 57 Hun, 334, 10 N. Y. Supp. 589; People v. Flack (1890), 125 N. Y. 324, 8 N. Y. Cr. 88, rev'g 57 Hun, 48, 10 N. Y. Supp. 275; Thomas v. Mut. Protective Union (1890), 121 N. Y. 50, rev'g 49 Hun, 171, 2 N. Y. Supp. 195; People v. Kief (1891), 126 N. Y. 661, aff'g 58 Hun, 337, 11 N. Y. Supp. 926, 12 N. Y. Supp. 896; Deuber Watch Case Co. v. Howard, etc., Co. (1893), 3 Misc. 585, 24 N. Y. Supp. 647; Reynolds v. Everett (1893), 67 Hun, 294, 22 N. Y. Supp. 306; People v. Sheldon (1893), 139 N. Y. 251, 36 Am. St. Rep. 690, 23 L. R. A. 221, aff'g 66 Hun, 590, 21 N. Y. Supp. 859; Drake v. Seibold (1894), 81 Hun, 178, 30 N. Y. Supp. 697; People v. McKane (1894), 7 Misc. 478, 28 N. Y. Supp. 397; Davis v. Zimmerman (1895), 91 Hun, 489, 36 N. Y. Supp. 303; People v. Duke (1897), 19 Misc. 294, 44 N. Y. Supp. 336; People v. Peckens (1897), 153 N. Y. 576, 12 N. Y. Cr. 433, aff'g 12 App. Div. 626, 43 N. Y. Supp. 1160; Matthews v. Shankland (1898), 25 Misc. 611, 56 N. Y. Supp. 123; People v. Van Tassel (1898), 156 N. Y. 561, aff'g 26 App. Div. 445, 50 N. Y. Supp. 53; People v. Willis (1899), 158 N. Y. 392, aff'g 34 App. Div. 203, 54 N. Y. S. 642; People v. Chandler (1900), 54 App. Div. 111, 15 N. Y. Cr. 165, 66 N. Y. Supp. 391; People v. Radt (1900), 15 N. Y. Cr. 174, 71 N. Y. Supp. 846; People v. Peterson (1901), 60 App. Div. 118, 15 N. Y. Cr. 421, 69 N. Y. Supp. 941; Nat. Protective Assoc. v. Cumming (1902), 170 N. Y. 315; People v. Goslin (1902), 67 App. Div. 18, 73 N. Y. Supp. 520, 6 N. Y. Cr. 257; Park & Sons Co. v. National Wholesale Druggists Assn. (1903), 175 N. Y. 1, aff'g 54 App. Div. 223, 64 N. Y. Supp. 276, 66 N. Y. Supp. 615; People v. Hummel 1906), 49 Misc. 136, 98 N. Y. Supp. 713, 20 N. Y. Cr. 240, 119 App. Div. 153, 105 N. Y. Supp. 869; People v. McFarlin (1904), 43 Misc. 591, 89 N. Y. Supp. 527, 18 N. Y. Cr. 414; People v. Weichers (1904), 94 App. Div. 19, 87 N. Y. Supp. 897, 18 N. Y. Cr. 351, aff'd 179 N. Y. 459; People v. Rathbun (1904), 44 Misc. 93, 89 N. Y. Supp. 746, 18 N. Y. Cr. 461; Kellogg v. Sowerby (1907), 190 N. Y. 370, rev'g 114 App. Div. 916, 100 N. Y. Supp. 1123; People ex rel. Burnham v. Flynn (1907), 189 N. Y. 180, rev'g 114 App. Div. 578, 49 Misc. 328, 99 N. Y. Supp. 198; People v. Klaw (1907), 55 Misc. 72, 106 N. Y. Supp. 341; Russell & Sons v. Stampers & G. L. L. U. No. 22 (1907), 57 Misc. 96, 107 N. Y. Supp. 303; People v. Miles (1908), 123 App. Div. 862, 108 N. Y. Supp. 510; see also People v. Barrett, 1 Johns. 66; People v. Chase, 16 Barb. 495; People v. Eckford, 7 Cow. 535; Emmanuel's Case, 6 City Hall Rec. 33; People v. Fisher, 14 Wend. 1, 28 Am. Dec. 509 note; Hitchcock's Case, 6 City Hall Rec. 43; Lambert v. People, 9 Cow. 578; Leggett v. Postley, 2 Paige, 599; Lewis' Case, 5 City Hall Rec. 129; Master Stevedores' Assn. v. Walsh, 2 Daly, 1, 13; People v. Mather, 4 Wend. 229; Johnson v. Meinhardt, 61 How. Pr. 168; People v. Melvin Yates, 2 Wheel Cr. Cas. 269, 6 City Hall Rec. 35; People v. Olcott, 2 Johns. Cas. 301; Old Dominion Co. v. McKenna, 18 Abb. N. C. 262; Robbins' Case, 4 City Hall Rec. 1; Storm's Case, 1 City Hall Rec. 169; People v. Trequeer, 1 Wheel. Cr. Cas. 142; State v. Setter, 54 Conn. 461, 41 Alb. L. J. 129, 14 Am. St. Rep. 121; Spies v. People, 122 Ill. 1, 3 Am. St. Rep. 320;

Carew v. Rutherford, 106 Mass. 1; Walter v. Cronin, 107 Mass. 555; People v. Richards, 1 Mich. 216, 51 Am. Dec. 75, 79, note; State v. Barnum, 15 N. H. 396; State v. Donaldson, 32 N. J. L. 151; State v. Stewart, 59 Vt. 273, 59 Am. Rep. 710; People v. Miller, 22 Pac. 934; Com. v. Hunt, 4 Metc. 111; Noyes v. State, 1 Crim. L. Mag. 215; Duprey's Mussel Slough Case, 5 Fed. 680; Reg. v. Rollins, 17 Ad. & El. (N. S.) 671; Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 116; Bowen v. Hall, 2 Q. B. Div. 333, 337; Gregory v. Duke, etc., 6 M. & G. 205; Gunther v. Astor, 4 J. B. Moore, 12; Mogul Co. v. MacGregor, 15 Q. B. Div. 486; Rafael v. Verein, 2 W. Bl. 1055; Lumby v. Gage, 2 El. & Bl. 216; Reg. v. Bauld, 15 Eng. Rep. 316; Tarston v. McGalliter, Peake, 105.

§ 581. Conspiracies against peace of the state.

If two or more persons, being out of this state, conspire to commit any act against the peace of this state, the commission or attempted commission of which, within this state, would be treason against the state, they are punishable by imprisonment in a state prison not exceeding ten years.

Derivation: Penal Code, § 169.

People v. McFarlin (1904), 43 Misc. 593, 89 N. Y. Supp. 527, 18 N. Y. Cr. 414.

§ 582. Punishable conspiracies.

No conspiracy is punishable criminally unless it is one of those enumerated in the last two sections, and the orderly and peaceable assembling or co-operation of persons employed in any calling, trade or handicraft for the purpose of obtaining an advance in the rate of wages or compensation, or of maintaining such rate, is not a conspiracy.

Derivation:

Penal Code, § 170, as amended L. 1882, ch. 384, § 1.

People ex rel. Gill v. Walsh (1888), 6 N. Y. Cr. 292, aff'g 5 N. Y. Cr. 507; People v. Barondess (1891), 61 Hun, 577, 8 N. Y. Cr. 234, rev'd 133 N. Y. 649, 8 N. Y. Cr. 376, 16 N. Y. Supp. 436; Davis Machine Co. v. Robinson (1903), 41 Misc. 333, 84 N. Y. Supp. 837; People v. McFarlin (1904), 43 Misc. 594, 89 N. Y. Supp. 527, 18 N. Y. Cr. 414; Jacobs v: Cohen (1905), 183 N. Y. 212, rev'g 99 App. Div. 481, 90 N. Y. Supp. 854; see also Master Stevedores' Assn. v. Welsh, 2 Daly, 1; Rogers v. Evarts, 17 N. Y. Supp. 264; Zeig. ler v. Nolan, 2 City Ct. Rep. 54.

§ 583. Overt act, when necessary.

No agreement except to commit a felony upon the person of another, or to commit arson or burglary, amounts to a conspiracy,

unless some act beside such agreement be done to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to such agreement.

People v. Flack (1890), 125 N. Y. 324, 43 Alb. L. J. 64; People v. Brickner (1891), 8 N. Y. Cr. 217, 15 N. Y. Supp. 528; Reynolds v. Everett (1893), 67 Hun, 304, 22 N. Y. Supp. 306; People v. Sheldon (1893), 139 N. Y. 251, aff'g 66 Hun, 590, 21 N. Y. Supp. 859; People v. Willis (1899), 158 N. Y. 395, 14 N. Y. Cr. 72, aff'g 34 App. Div. 203, 54 N. Y. Supp. 642; People v. Petersen (1901), 60 App. Div. 120, 69 N. Y. Supp. 941; People v. Wiechers (1904), 94 App. Div. 19, 87 N. Y. Supp. 897, 18 Crim. Rep. 354, aff'd 179 N. Y. 459; People v. Rathbun (1904), 44 Misc. 91, 89 N. Y. Supp. 746, 18 Crim. Rep. 461; Green v. Davies (1905), 100 App. Div. 359, 91 N. Y. Supp. 470; People v. Summerfield (1905), 48 Misc. 246, 96 N. Y. Supp. 502, 19 Crim. Rep. 507; People ex rel. Burnham v. Flynn (1906), 114 App. Div. 580, 100 N. Y. Supp. 31; People v. Klaw (1907), 55 Misc. 72, 106 N. Y. Supp. 341, 21 Crim. Rep. 355; People v. Miles (1908), 123 App. Div. 873, 108 N. Y. Supp. 510; see also People v. Chase, 16 Barb. 495; People v. Murray, 95 N. Y. Supp. 107; People v. Squire, 20 Abb. N. C. 375.

§ 584. Witnesses' privileges.

No person shall be excused from attending and testifying, or producing any books, papers or other documents before any court, magistrate, or referee, upon any investigation, proceeding or trial, for a violation of any of the provisions of this article, upon the ground or for the reason that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of him may tend to convict him of a crime or to subject him to a penalty or for forfeiture; but no person shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter or thing concerning which he may so testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, and no testimony so given or produced shall be received against him upon any criminal investigation, proceeding or trial. (Added by L. 1910, ch. 395, in effect June 6, 1910.)

ARTICLE 56.

CONTEMPT OF COURT.

SECTION 600. Criminal contempt.

601. Punishment for criminal contempt.

602. Indictment for contempt.

§ 600. Criminal contempt.

A person who commits a contempt of court, of any one of the following kinds, is guilty of a misdemeanor:

1. Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behavior, committed during the sitting of the court, in its immediate view and presence and directly tending to interrupt its proceelings or to impair the respect due to its authority;

2. Behavior of the like character, committed in the presence of a referee or referees, while actually engaged in a trial or hearing, pursuant to the order of the court, or in the presence of a jury, while actually sitting for the trial of a cause, or upon an inquest or other proceeding authorized by law;

3. Breach of the peace, noise, or other disturbance, directly tending to interrupt the proceedings of a court, jury, or referee; 4. Wilful disobedience to the lawful process or other mandate of a court;

5. Resistance wilfully offered to its lawful process or other mandate;

6. Contumacious and unlawful refusal to be sworn as a witness, or, after being sworn, to answer any legal and proper interrogatory;

7. Publication of a false or grossly inaccurate report of its proceedings. But no person can be punished as provided in this section, for publishing a true, full, and fair report of a trial, argument, decision, or other proceeding had in court.

Derivation: Penal Code, § 143.

Matter of Hackley (1861), 24 N. Y. 74, 12 Abb. 150, 21 How. 54; People v. Albany, etc., R. Co. (1862), 20 How. Pr. 358, aff'd 24 N. Y. 261, 37 Barb. 216; People v. Fancher (1874), 2 Hun, 226; Loop v. Gould (1879), 17 Hun, 585; People ex rel. Sherwin v. Mead (1882), 28 Hun, 227, 92 N. Y. 415; People v. Hovey (1883), 29 Hun, 382, 92 N. Y. 554; Sherwin v. People (1885), 100 N. Y. 361, 3 N. Y. Cr. 524; People ex rel. Munsell v. Oyer and Terminer

(1885), 101 N. Y. 245, 4 N. Y. Cr. 70, 3 How. Pr. (N. S.) 413, rev'g 36 Hun, 277; King v. Flynn (1885), 37 Hun, 329; People ex rel. Jones v. Davidson (1885), 35 Hun, 471; People v. Sharp (1887), 45 Hun, 493, 107 N. Y. 427; Matter of Choate (1890), 56 Hun, 351, 1 N. Y. Cr. 1, 41 Alb. L. J. 287; People v. Meakim (1892), 133 N. Y. 225, 8 N. Y. Cr. 414, 308, 15 N. Y. Supp. 917, 21 N. Y. Supp. 1103; People ex rel. Taylor v. Forbes (1894), 143 N. Y. 219, rev'g 77 Hun, 612, 28 N. Y. Supp. 1123; People ex rel. Barnes v. Ct. of Sess. (1895), 147 N. Y. 290, rev'g 82 Hun, 242, 31 N. Y. Supp. 373; People ex rel. Lewisohn v. O'Brien (1902), 39 Misc. 458, 80 N. Y. Supp. 198, rev'd 81 App. Div. 51, 80 N. Y. Supp. 816, aff'd 176 N. Y. 253; People ex rel. Lewisohn v. General Sessions (1904), 179 N. Y. 594, aff'g 96 App. Div. 201, 89 N. Y. Supp. 364; Chappell v. Chappell (1906), 116 App. Div. 574, 101 N. Y. Supp. 846; People v. Blake (1907), 121 App. Div. 619, 106 N. Y. Supp. 319; see also Weeks v. Smith, 3 Abb. Pr. 211; Conover v. Wood, 5 Abb. Pr. 84; People v. Marston, 18 Abb. Pr. 257; Bergh's Case, 16 Abb. Pr. (N. S.) 266; People v. Court of O. and T., 27 How. 14; Bowen v. Hunter, 45 How. 193; Clapp v. Lathrop, 23 How. Pr. 423; People ex rel. Valieste v. Dyckman, 24 How. Pr. 222; Clark v. Brooks, 26 How. Pr. 254; People v. Hefferman, 38 How. Pr. 402; Klungman's Case, 49 How. Pr. 484; Matter of Griffin, 1 N. Y. Supp. 7; Matter of Watson, 3 Lans. 408; Baker v. State, 82 Ga. 776, 14 Am. St. Rep. 192; Baker v. State, 4 L. R. A. 128, 11 Crim. L. Mag. 635; Bernard v. Leo, 7 Daily Reg. 1069, 1213; Bradley v. State, 111 Ga. 168, 36 S. E. 630, 50 L. R. A. 691, 78 Am. St. Rep. 157; Carter v. Com., 96 Va. 791, 32 S. E. 780, 45 L. R. A. 301; Cheadle v. State, 110 Ind. 301, 59 Am. Rep. 199; Matter of Cheeseman, 49 N. J. 137, 60 Am. Rep. 596; Cuddy's Case, 131 U. S. 33; State v. Frew, 24 W. Va. 416, 49 Am. Rep. 257; Matter of Gannon, 11 Pac. 240; Hale v. State, 55 Ohio St. 210, 45 N. E. 199, 36 L. R. A. 254, 60 Am. St. Rep. 691; Hill v. Crandall, 52 Ill. 70; Orman v. State, 24 Tex. App. 495; Matter of Percy, 2 Daly, 530; Matter of Savin, 131 U. S. 267; Sharon v. Hill, 24 Fed. 726; Smith v. Speed, 11 Okla. 95, 55 L. R. A. 402; Matter of Terry, 128 U. S. 289; Warner v. State, 12 Lea, 52; Watson v. People, 11 Colo. 4; Matter of Johnson, 20 Q. B. Div. 68, 38 Eng. Rep. 600; Plating Co. v. Farqu harson, 17 Ch. Div. 49, 37 Eng. Rep. 163.

§ 601. Punishment for criminal contempt.

A criminal act is not the less punishable as a crime, because it is also declared to be punishable as a contempt of court.

Derivation: Penal Code, § 680.

People ex rel. Sherwin v. Mead People ex rel. McDonald v. Keeler People ex rel. Lewisohn v. Wyatt rev'd 81 App. Div. 51, 80 N. Y. Eagan v. Lynch, 3 Civ. Pro. 236.

(1883), 92 N. Y. 415, aff'g 28 Hun, 227; (1885), 99 N. Y. 475, rev'g 32 Hun, 563; (1902), 39 Misc. 456, 80 N. Y. Supp. 198, Supp. 816, aff'd 176 N. Y. 253; see also