106 N. Y. 507; Benedict v. Williams (1888), 48 Hun, 123; Soltau v. Gerdau (1888), 48 Hun, 537, 1 N. Y. Supp. 163, aff'd 119 N. Y. 380; People v. Pollock (1889), 51 Hun, 613, 4 N. Y. Supp. 297; People v. Bliven (1889), 112 N. Y. 87; People v. Dunn (1889), 53 Hun, 381, 6 N. Y. Supp. 805, 7 N. Y. Cr. 185; People v. Brien (1889), 53 Hun, 496, 6 N. Y. Supp. 198, 7 N. Y. Cr. 166; People v. Rice (1891), 13 N. Y. Supp. 161, aff'd 128 N. Y. 649; People v. Bosworth (1892), 64 Hun, 72, 19 N. Y. Supp. 114; People v. Sherman (1892), 133 N. Y. 349, aff'g 10 N. Y. Cr. 53; People v. Gottschalk (1892), 66 Hun, 64, 20 N. Y. Supp. 777; People v. Leland (1893), 73 Hun, 162, 25 N. Y. Supp. 943; People v. Pinckney (1893), 67 Hun, 428, 22 N. Y. Supp. 118; People v. Lawrence (1893), 137 N. Y. 517, rev'g 66 Hun, 574, 21 N. Y. Supp. 818; People v. Hall (1893), 74 Hun, 96, 26 N. Y. Supp. 403; People v. Evans (1893), 69 Hun, 222, 23 N. Y. Supp. 717; People v. Jefferey (1894), 82 Hun, 409, 31 N. Y. Supp. 267; People v. Hughes (1895), 91 Hun, 354, 36 N. Y. Supp. 493, 11 N. Y. Cr. 154; People v. Hurlburt (1895), 92 Hun, 46, 36 N. Y. Supp. 867; People v. Hendrickson (1897), 12 N. Y. Cr. 321, 46 N. Y. Supp. 402; People v. Dorthy (1897), 20 App. Div. 308, 46 N. Y. Supp. 970, 156 N. Y. 237; People v. Peckens (1897), 153 N. Y. 593, aff'g 12 App. Div. 626, 43 N. Y. Supp. 1160; People v. Gaynor (1898), 33 App. Div. 102, 53 N. Y. Supp. 86; People v. Hazard (1898), 28 App. Div. 304, 50 N. Y. Supp. 1023, aff'd 158 N. Y. 727; Moss v. Cohen (1899), 158 N. Y. 240; People v. Moran (1899), 43 App. Div. 155, 59 N. Y. Supp. 312; People v. Lovejoy (1899), 37 App. Div. 52, 55 N. Y. Supp. 543, 13 N. Y. Cr. 413; People v. Livingstone (1900), 47 App. Div. 283, 62 N. Y. Supp. 9, 14 N. Y. Cr. 422; Matter of Dempsey (1900), 32 Misc. 178, 65 N. Y. Supp. 722, 15 N. Y. Cr. 90; People v. Lammerts (1900), 164 N. Y. 144, 15 N. Y. Cr. 162, aff'd 51 App. Div. 618, 64 N. Y. Supp. 1145; People v. Mitchell (1900), 49 App. Div. 531, 63 N. Y. Supp. 522, 14 N. Y. Cr. 539, aff'd 168 N. Y. 604; People v. Miller (1901), 169 N. Y. 339, rev'g 64 App. Div. 450, 72 N. Y. Supp. 253; People v. Seldner (1901), 62 App. Div. 361, 71 N. Y. Supp. 35; People v. Wheeler (1901), 169 N. Y. 487; People v. Paine (1901), 35 Misc. 763, 72 N. Y. Supp. 3, 16 N. Y. Cr. 60; People v. Monroe (1901), 64 App. Div. 130, 71 N. Y. Supp. 803, 16 N. Y. Cr. 8; People v. Hart (1901), 35 Misc. 182, 71 N. Y. Supp. 492, 15 N. Y. Cr. 483; People Miller (1901), 169 N.

V.

Y. 339, 88 Am. St. Rep. 546, 99 N. Y. Supp. 1005, rev'g 64 App. Div. 450; People ex rel. Albert v. Pool (1902), 77 App. Div. 148, 78 N. Y. Supp. 1026; People v. Whitman (1902), 72 App. Div. 90, 76 N. Y. Supp. 211, 16 N. Y. Cr. 463; People v. Dilcher (1902), 38 Misc. 89, 16 N. Y. Cr. 548, 77 N. Y. Supp. 108; People v. Stein (1903), 80 App. Div. 358, 80 N. Y. Supp. 847; People v. Rothstein (1903), 42 Misc. 123, 85 N. Y. Supp. 1076, 18 N. Y. Cr. 448; People ex rel. Sandman v. Brush (1903), 41 Misc. 56, 83 N. Y. Supp. 607; People v. Walker (1903), 85 App. Div. 560, 83 N. Y. Supp. 372; People ex rel. Murphy v. Crane (1903), 80 App. Div. 202, 80 N. Y. Supp. 408; People ex rel. Lacina v. Lavin (1903), 41 Misc. 53, 83 N. Y. Supp. 630, 17 N. Y. Cr. 378; People v. Thomas (1903), 83 App. Div. 226, 82 N. Y. Supp. 215; People v. Ammon (1904), 92 App. Div. 205, 87 N. Y. Supp. 358; People v. Putnam (1904), 90 App. Div. 125, 85 N. Y. Supp. 1056, 18 N. Y. Cr. 104; People v. Fletcher (1905), 110 App. Div. 231, 97 N. Y. Supp. 62; People v. Kellog (1905), 105 App. Div. 505, 94 N. Y. Supp. 617; People v.

Kellogg (1905), 105 App. Div. 505, 94 N. Y. Supp. 617; People v. Hart (1906), 114 App. Div. 9, 99 N. Y. Supp. 758; Grathwohl v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. (1906), 116 App. Div. 176, 101 N. Y. Supp. 667; People v. Huggins (1906), 110 App. Div. 613, 97 N. Y. Supp. 62; People ex rel. Perkins v. Kellogg (1905), 105 App. Div. 505, 94 N. Y. Supp. 617; People v. Hart (1906), 114 App. Div. 480, 100 N. Y. Supp. 160, 20 N. Y. Cr. 302; People v. Reiss (1906), 114 App. Div. 431, 99 N. Y. Supp. 1002; People v. Snyder (1906), 110 App. Div. 699, 97 N. Y. Supp. 469; People v. Koller (1906), 116 App. Div. 173, 101 N. Y. Supp. 518; People v. Eaton (1907). 122 App. Div. 706, 107 N. Y. Supp. 849; People v. Klock (1907), 55 Misc. 46, 106 N. Y. Supp. 267; Lewis v. Shaw (1907), 122 App. Div. 96, 106 N. Y. Supp. 1012; Matter of Greene (1907), 121 App. Div. 693, 106 N. Y. Supp. 425; People v. Gluck (1907), 188 N. Y. 167; People v. Burnham (1907), 119 App. Div. 302, 104 N. Y. Supp. 725, 21 N. Y. Cr. 192; People ex rel. Perkins v. Moss (1907), 187 N. Y. 410, 20 N. Y. Cr. 578; People v. Sattekau (1907), 120 App. Div. 42; People v. Neff (1908), 191 N. Y. 210, 122 App. Div. 135, 106 N. Y. Supp. 747; People v. Gallagher (1908), 58 Misc. 514, 111 N. Y. Supp. 473; Matthews & Co. v. Employer's Liability Assur. Corp. (1908), 127 App. Div. 196; see also People v. Bough, 16 N. Y. St. 18; People v. Bradley, 4 Park, 245; Butler v. Maynard, 11 Wend. 552; Crocheron's Case, 1 City Hall Rec. 177; Ellis v. People, 21 How. Pr. 359; People v. Griffin, 38 How. Pr. 475; Healy's Case, 4 City Hall Rec. 36; People v. Herman, 45 N. Y. 175; People v. Keepers, 13 N. Y. St. 357; Linnenden's Case, 1 City Hall Rec. 30; People v. Loomis, 4 Den. 380; People v. McGarren, 17 Wend. 460; Phelps' Case, 49 How. Pr. 440; Reff v. People, 2 Park, 139; People v. Sanborn, 14 N. Y. St. 129; People v. Schuyler, 6 Cow. 572; People v. Stetson, 4 Barb. 151; People V. Tompkins, 1 Park, 238; Ward v. People, 3 Hill, 395; People v. Williams, 4 Hill, 9; Wood v. State, 48 Ala. 161, 17 Am. Rep. 31; People v. Cheong Foon Ark, 61 Cal. 527; Malachi v. State (Ala.), 42 Alb. L. J. 381; People v. Rae, 66 Cal. 423, 60 Am. Rep. 102; People v. Jaurez, 28 Cal. 380; People v. Jersey, 18 Cal. 337; People v. Howard (Cal.), 67 Pac. 148; Murphy v. People, 104 Ill. 528; State v. Doe, 79 Ind. 9, 41 Am. Rep. 599; Lefler v. State, 153 Ind. 82, 45 L. R. A. 424; Com. v. Hazelwood. 84 Ky. 681; Com. v. Barry, 124 Mass. 325; State v. Harriman, 75 Me. 562, 46 Am. Rep. 423; State v. Mitchener, 98 N. C. 689; Cunningham v. State, 61 N. J. L. 67; State v. Davis, 38 N. J. L. 176, 20 Am. Rep. 367; State v. Lyman, 26 Ohio St. 400, 20 Am. Rep. 772; Wilson v. State, 18 Tex. App. 270, 51 Am. Rep. 311; Cunningham v. State, 27 Tex. App. 479; State v. Crowley, 41 Wis. 271; People v. Aitta, 28 Week. Dig. 326; Delk v. State, 60 Am. Rep. 46; Queen v. Kenny, 20 Eng. Rep. 366; People v. Burton, 16 Week. Dig. 195; Reg. v. Flowers, 16 Cox Cr. Cas. 33, 37 Eng. Rep. 797; State v. Powell, 4 L. R. A. 291; People v. Wiggins, 16 Week. Dig. 141; Reg. v. Flatman, 21 Alb. L. J. 404, 418; Mayor v. Meigs, 1 McArthur, 53, 29 Am. Rep. 578; State v. Brown, 9 Baxt. 53, 40 Am. Rep. 81; State v. Yates, 37 Alb. L. J. 232; Reg. v. Archer, 6 Cox Cr. Cas. 518; Com. v. Morrill, 8 Cush. 571; Reg. v. Goodhall, Russ. & Ryan, 461; Reg. v. Jennison, 2 Cox Cr. Cas. 158; Reg. v. Bates, 3 Cox Cr. 201; West's Case, 1 D. & B. 575; Reg. v. Ashwell, 15 Cox Cr. Cas. 1, 37 Eng. Rep. 767, 7 Crim. L. Mag. 485, 16 Q. B. Div. 190, 33 Alb. L. J. 68; Reg. v. Hollis, 15 Cox Cr. 345, 36 Eng. Rep. 556; Defrese v. State, 3 Heisk. 53, 8 m. Rep. 1; Reg. v. Buckmaster, 12 Cox Cr. Cas. 339.

§ 1291. Severance of fixture from realty, larceny.

All the provisions of this article apply to cases where the thing taken is a fixture or part of the realty, or any growing tree, plant, or produce, and is severed at the time of the taking, in the same manner as if the thing had been severed by another person at a previous time.

Derivation: Penal Code, § 537.

Arone v. Launders (1904), 43 Misc. 138, 88 N. Y. Supp. 259; People v. Wanzer (1904), 43 Misc. 136, 88 N. Y. Supp. 281; Vroom v. Tilly (1906), 184 N. Y. 168, aff'g 99 App. Div. 516, 91 N. Y. Supp. 51, and also 28 Eng. Rep. 127; People v. Gallagher (1908), 58 Misc. 515, 111 N. Y. Supp. 473; People v. Morrison (1908), 124 App. Div. 10, 108 N. Y. Supp. 262.

§ 1292. Completed unissued instruments, property.

All the provisions of this article, and sections four hundred and forty-two and nine hundred and forty-seven of this chapter apply to cases where the property taken is an instrument for the payment of money, an evidence of debt, a public security, or a passage ticket, completed and ready to be issued or delivered, although the same has never been issued or delivered by the maker thereof to any person as a purchaser or owner.

Derivation: Penal Code, § 536.

Phelps v. People (1878), 49 How. Pr. 437, 72 N. Y. 334; People v. Stevens (1885), 38 Hun, 62, 3 N. Y. Cr. 586, aff'd 109 N. Y. 634; People v. Ward (1885), 3 N. Y. Cr. 483; People v. Fletcher (1905), 110 App. Div. 231, 234, 97 N. Y. Supp. 62; People v. Jackson, 8 Barb. 637; People v. Wiley, 3 Hill, 194.

§ 1293. Obtaining money or property by fraudulent draft. A person who wilfully, with intent to defraud, by color or aid of a check or draft, or order for the payment of money or the delivery of property, when such person knows that the drawer or maker thereof is not entited to draw on the drawee for the sum specified therein, or to order the payment of the amount, or delivery of the property, although no express representation is made in reference thereto, obtains from another any money or property, is guilty of stealing the same and punishable accordingly.

Derivation: Penal Code, § 529.

Smith v. People (1872), 47 N. Y. 303; Lesser v. People (1878), 12 Hun, 670, 73 N. Y. 78; Foote v. People (1879), 17 Hun, 218; People v. Cuyken

dall (1885), 3 N. Y. Cr. 312; Sieling v. Clark (1896), 18 Misc. 465, 41 N. Y. Supp. 982; People v. Dilcher (1902), 38 Misc. 89, 77 N. Y. Supp. 108; People v. Whiteman (1902), 72 App. Div. 90, 16 N. Y. Cr. 461, 76 N. Y. Supp. 211; People v. Putnam (1904), 90 App. Div. 125, 85 N. Y. Supp. 1056; People v. Lipp (1906), 111 App. Div. 504, 98 N. Y. Supp. 86; People v. Huggins (1906), 110 App. Div. 613, 97 N. Y. Supp. 187, 20 Crim. Rep. 257; Allen's Case, 3 City Hall Rec. 118; Decosta's Case, 1 City Hall Rec. 83.

§ 1293-a. Unauthorized use of vehicles.

Any chauffeur or other person who without the consent of the owner shall take, use, operate or remove, or cause to be taken, used, operated or removed from a garage, stable, or other building. or place or from any place or locality on a private or public highway, park, parkway, street, lot, field, inclosure or space an automobile or motor vehicle, and operate or drive or cause the same to be operated or driven for his own profit, use or purpose, steals the same and is guilty of larceny and shall be punishable accordingly. (Added by L. 1909, ch. 514; and amended by L. 1910, ch. 621, in effect June 24, 1910.)

§ 1293-b. Obtaining property or credit by use of false state

ment.

Any person

1. Who shall knowingly make or cause to be made, either directly or indirectly, or through any agency whatsoever, any false statement in writing, with intent that it shall be relied upon, respecting the financial condition, or means or ability to pay, of himself, or any other person, firm or corporation, in whom he is interested, or for whom he is acting, for the purpose of procuring in any form whatsoever, either the delivery of personal property, the payment of cash, the making of a loan or credit, the extension of a credit, the discount of an account receivable, or the making, acceptance, discount, sale or indorsement of a bill of exchange, or promissory note, for the benefit of either himself or of such person, firm or corporation; or

2. Who, knowing that a false statement in writing has been made, respecting the financial condition or means or ability to pay, of himself, or such person, firm or corporation in which he ist interested, or for whom he is acting, procures, upon the faith thereof, for the benefit either of himself, or of such person, firm

or corporation, either or any of the things of benefit mentioned in subdivision one of this section; or

3. Who, knowing that a statement in writing has been made, respecting the financial condition or means or ability to pay of himself or such person, firm or corporation, in which he is interested, or for whom he is acting, represents on a later day, either orally or in writing, that such statement 'theretofore made, if then again made on said day, would be then true, when in fact, said statement if then made would be false, and procures upon the faith thereof, for the benefit either of himself or of such person, firm or corporation, either or any of the things of benefit mentioned in subdivision one of this section.

Shall be guilty of misdemeanor and punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year or by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or both fine and imprisonment. (Added by L. 1912, ch. 340; in effect Sept. 1, 1912.)

§ 1293-c. Obtaining property or the use of property by fraudulently operating a slot machine, coin-box telephone or other coin receptacle.

Any person who shall operate or cause to be operated or who shall attempt to operate or attempt to cause to be operated any automatic vending machine, slot machine, coin-box telephone or other receptacle designed to receive lawful coin of the United States of America in connection with the sale, use or enjoyment of property or service, by means of a slug or of any false, counterfeited, mutilated or sweated coin, or by any means, method, trick or device whatsoever not lawfully authorized by the owner, lessee or licensee of such machine, coin-box telephone or receptacle; or who shall take, obtain or receive from or in connection with any automatic vending machine, slot machine, coin-box telephone or other receptacle designed to receive lawful coin of the United States of America in connection with the sale, use or enjoyment of property or service, any goods, wares, merchandise, gas, electric current, article of value, or the use or enjoyment of any telephone or telegraph facilities or service, or of any musical instrument, phonograph or other property, without depositing in and surrendering to such machine, coin-box telephone or receptacle lawful coin to the amount required therefor by the owner, lessee or licensee of such machine, coin-box telephone or receptacle, shall be guilty