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2 rounds burst beyond the line of dum-
mies-ineffective.

FOURTH EXPERIMENT.

Firing at 134 dummies, placed in loose order on uneven ground, representing broken Infantry retiring. Left of the line thrown back. Front, 98 yards. Average depth, 35 yards. Firing from three positions at unknown ranges. The distance judged by Officers in command. A different subaltern being appointed for each series.

GUNS

Elevation

P

Remarks

Gimlet borer broken, causing considerable delay.

Service hook borer broken, causing delay.

18

1 round blind, and 1 over-ineffective. 45 Safety pin broken in the fuze first round, causing delay.

33

The changes in length of fuze consider

150 96 ably reduced the rate of firing.

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39

3rd position,-judged at 1,000

Total of 15 rounds

12-pr. B. L. R.,-firing shrapnel.
1st position-judged at 570 yards

altered to 520
2nd position-judged at 650

3rd position-judged at 960

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Total of 15 rounds

The mean time firing 5 rounds from each gun, viz., 24 minutes, was taken as the period for the Infantry and Mitrailleur to fire for comparison.

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1st position,-300 yards

2nd position,-650,,

3rd position,-950

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Six Infantry soldiers firing Martini-Henry rifles for 2

minutes. Lieut. Col. Fletcher in command.

1st position,-judged at 450 yards

2nd position,-judged at 350

3rd position,-judged at 950

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Six Infantry soldiers firing Snider rifles for 2 minutes.

Lieut. Col. Fletcher in command.

1st position,-judged at 450 yards

2nd position,-judged at 700,,

3rd position,-judged at 900

2' 30"

453

312

100

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Practice before the Secretary of State for War, and His Royal Highness the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief.

Trial of Montigny and Large Gatling Mitrailleurs v. Infantry, and 12-pr. B. L., and 9-pr. M. L. R. guns, on the sands, from the old battery. 5 sets of single targets, 6 in each row, representing Infantry and Cavalry at unknown distances, not less than 1000 yards.

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Remarks

3 fragments. Vent piece blown out at 3rd round. Fuze ordered to be bored shorter, but made longer by mistake.

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3 miss-fires. One or two cases stuck. The whole of the cartridges had been greased, and a small slip of paper gummed on to them by Mr. Metford. 33, 30, 30, 27, 30, 32=182.

Trial of Montigny and Small Gatling Mitrailleurs v. 12-pr. B. L. and 9-pr. M. L. R. guns, at 800 yards, against 3 rows of 45 feet x 9 feet targets, 15 yards apart, representing columns of Infantry and Cavalry. (Time 2 minutes.)

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407

REVIEWS.

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HENFREY'S BOTANY.*

is a strange fact, but not the less is it a true one, that while all other

countries, Botany has, in England at least, remained pretty nearly as it was ten years ago. Of course we mean to refer to structural and scientific botany, and not to the mere collection and increasing of plants which sometimes we think improperly receives its name; for it indeed is one thing to gather and dry and name a quantity of plants and fruit, and another to discover the general laws by which they obtain their nourishment from the soil, or bring forth the seed in due time, or are distributed over different parts of the globe. We do not for a moment wish it to be inferred that we desire to direct attention to these phenomena above all others. What we do mean and what we will say is this, that it is especially to them that the attention of students should be directed, if any good is to come from regular botanical study. And believing this, it has always been a matter of regret to us that Professor Henfrey was removed from amongst us; for we doubt not that, had he remained, much would now have been done which has been left undone in the department to which we have alluded.

But while we hold this opinion, which it would be unfair not to admit, we must not place ourselves in such a position that we shall not be able to recognise the labours of others in the same field. We must, while we sufficiently regret the dead, not leave ourselves unable to recognise the good and laudable work of the living; and it is for this reason that we should direct attention to recent labourers in the same field, and especially to the active labours of Dr. Masters, now before us.

Before the time of Henfrey, it may well be said that there was no teacher of elementary botany in England. There was, of course, Balfour's work, and Schleiden's admirable treatise, translated by Dr. Lankester; but while the first was a simple, practical summary of the state of knowledge, the latter was a different work, containing very fully the author's able views of some questions like that of fecundation, but very deficient in other par

"An Elementary Course of Botany, Structural, Physiological, and Systematic." By Professor Arthur Henfrey, F.R.S. Second edition, revised and in part rewritten by Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. London Van Voorst, 1870.

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