CONTENTS.

PART I.

A Chorographical View of the Shores of the Mediterranean

Sea, with especial reference to their Produce and Com-

Of the Currents, Tides, and Waters of the

PART III.

Of the Mediterranean Winds, Weather, and

Atmospherical Phenomena.

On the Climate and Meteorology 210 | Prognostics

Electric agency

238

On the author's Registers . 212

262

Of the Orthography and Nomenclature adopted; the Geo-

graphical Points-or Co-ordinates of Latitude, Longi-

tude, and Height of the Mediterranean Shores; with

the Variation of the Magnetic Needle, and other Notanda.

Prefatory matter.

Re-measurement of the arc be-

Causes of change in Greek

names

Orthography of Arabian names

Arrangement of the tabulated

points

On the normal position

Palermo Observatory

406

414

of

416

417

The reader is earnestly requested to correct, with his pen, the following
oversights of the press.

Page 46, line 20, for Chinuera,' read 'Chimera.'

---

47, last line of the note, for 'futile' read 'fictile' fragments.

67, line 10 ab imo, for 'Psitoriti,' read 'Psiloriti.'

92, last line, for '1820,' read '1821.'

149, after line 22, in the heading of the last column of the table, for cubic

'inches,' read' miles.'

- 218, line 2 ab imo, Brewster's formula, insert x before cos. lat.

- 375, for Assistant-Surgeon 'Beg,' read 'Begg.'

396, No. XIV., for Port Cross,' read Port Cros.'

THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

PART I.

A CHOROGRAPHICAL VIEW OF THE SHORES OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, WITH ESPECIAL REFER-
ENCE TO THEIR PRODUCE AND COMMERCE.

§ 1. The Mediterranean Shores of Spain.

THE

nean Sea.

HE Mediterranean Sea, equally remarkable from its Mediterraposition in the midst of the most civilized nations, and its connexion with many memorable events in ancient and modern history, is that vast central gulf emphatically styled in the Sacred Scriptures the Great Sea; justly receiving that appellation, as being the largest assemblage of waters known to the earliest writers of those records: and indeed its importance was truly paramount among the ancients, as it was the grand key to both portions of the then known world.

By the word Mediterranean, or midland, we understand water enclosed either wholly or nearly by land; but the term was not applied to this sea by any classical writer. The ancient Greeks seem to have had no general name for it,-Herodotus merely calls it 'this sea,' and Strabo the 'sea within the columns,' that is, within Calpe and Abyla. By their present descendants it is called Aspri Thalassa ("Acпpı báλaoca) the White Sea, to distinguish it from the Euxine, which they call Mavri Thalassa (Mávpn Báλacoa) the Black Sea. It was gradually designated the Grecian Sea, and then the Mare internum; while Mela terms it mare nostrum. Though some of the Arabians described it as the Green Sea, it was Bahr-Rúm, the