GOVERNMENT,

constitutional, what is, 3. '

republican, to be guaranteed to the States, 23.
of the United States, origin of, 6–8.

GOVERNOR,

mandamus to, 141, n.

approval or veto of laws by, 186, 187.

messages to legislature, 189.

power to prorogue or adjourn legislature, 160.
power to convene legislature, 189.

legislative encroachment on powers of, 138-141.
power to pardon, 139, 140.

to appoint officers and remove them, 138, 139.
to reprieve, 140, n.

GRADE OF RAILROADS,

legislature may establish for crossings, 723.

GRADE OF STREETS,

change of, gives parties no right to compensation, 252.
special assessments for grading, 619, 629–633.

GRAND JURY,

criminal accusations by, 379.

presentments by, are privileged, 552.

GRANTS,

are contracts, and inviolable, 333.

by States, cannot be resumed, 334.

of franchises, strict construction of, 235, 494-497.
when they constitute contracts, 339, 340.

to municipal bodies, may be recalled, 336.
GREAT BRITAIN,

how it became a constitutional government, 3, n., 63, n.
power of Parliament to change constitution, 4.

meaning of unconstitutional law in, 4.

control over American colonies, 6, 30-33.

statutes of, how far in force in America, 32-34.

bill of rights of, 30, 315.

habeas corpus act of, 30, 425.
local self-government in, 228.
declaration of rights of, 316.

bills of attainder in, 318, 319.

money bills to originate in the Commons, 160, n.

emancipation of slaves in, 362–367.

prosecutions for libel in, 534, 572–575.

GUARANTIES,

GUARDIANS,

(See PARLIAMENT.)

(See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS; JURY TRIAL; LAW OF

THE LAND; LIBERTY.)

special statutes authorizing sales by, 118–129.

propriety of judicial action in such cases, 118.

control of ward by, 420.

appointment of, in divorce suits, 507.

authority of, is local, 507, n.

GUNPOWDER,

police regulations concerning, 748.

H.

HABEAS CORPUS,

writ of, a principal protection to personal liberty, 418, 423.
personal liberty, meaning of, 418.

restraints upon, to prevent or punish crime, &c., 418.
growing out of relation of husband and wife, 419.

of parent and child, 420.

of guardian and ward, 420.
of master and apprentice, 421.
of master and servant, 421.
of teacher and scholar, 421.
of principal and bail, 422.

of creditor and debtor, 422.

insecurity of, formerly, in England, 422-424.
habeas corpus act, and its purpose, 30, 425.

general provisions of, 425, 426.

adoption of, in America, 426.

writ of, when to be issued by national courts, 426, 427.
generally to issue from State courts, 427.

return to, where prisoner held under national authority, 429.
cases for, determined by common law, 429.

not to be made a writ of error, 430.
what to be inquired into under, 430.
to obtain custody of children, 431.

HACKMEN,

regulation of charges of, 742-746.
HARBOR REGULATIONS,

establishment of, by the States, 730.
wharf lines may be prescribed, 747.

HARDSHIP,

of particular cases not to control the law, 86, 87, n.

unjust provisions not necessarily unconstitutional, 87, 88, 639.

HEALTH,

police regulations for protection of, 729, 747.
draining swamps, &c., in reference to, 635, 741.
HEARING,

right to, in judicial proceedings, 456, 503-509.
in cases of appropriation of lands, 700-704.

HEIRSHIP,

right to modify, 445.

HIGH SEAS,

not subject to exclusive appropriation, 2.
States no authority upon, 155.

HIGHWAYS,

establishment of, under right of eminent domain, 651.

when owner entitled to compensation in such case, 704.

appropriation of, to purposes of turnpike, railroad, &c., whether it entitles
owner to compensation, 681-696.

(See EMINENT DOMAIN.)

regulations of, by States under police power, 734, 741.

HOMESTEADS,

provisions for when self-executing, 101.
exemption of, from execution, 352.

HUSBAND AND WIFE,

power of legislature to divorce, 132-137.
jurisdiction in divorce cases, 502-507.

(See DIVORCE.)

control of husband over wife, 419.

obligation of husband to support wife, 419, n.

right as between, to custody of children, 431.

property rights, how far subject to legislative control, 446, 447.
validating invalid marriage by legislation, 465.

IDEM SONANS,

ballots sufficient in cases of, 766.

IDIOTS,

exclusion of, from suffrage, 753.

I.

special legislative authority for sale of lands of, 118-127, 488.
ILLEGAL CONTRACTS,

have no obligation, 349.

legalization of, 359, 467-470.

for lobby legislative services, 166.
designed to affect elections, 774.

ILLINOIS,

special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n.

divorces not to be granted by the legislature, 133, n.

title of acts to embrace the subject, 173, n.

special legislative sessions, 190, n.

time when acts take effect, 190.

provision in relation to special laws, 225.

municipalities restrained from aiding public improvements, 266, n.

restriction upon power to contract debts, 271, 272.

protection to person and property by law of the land, 436, n.

liberty of speech and of the press in, 520, n.

privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n.

religious liberty in, 584, n.

taking land for railroad tracks, 698.

private property not to be taken without compensation, 703, n.

IMMUNITIES,

of citizens of the several States, 19, 497.

citizens not to be deprived of, 13.

IMPAIRING CONTRACTS,

IMPEACHMENT,

(See OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS.)

of judges for declaring law unconstitutional, 196, n.

IMPLICATION,

amendments by, not favored, 185.
repeals by, 185.

grant of powers by, in State constitutions, 77, 78.
corporations established by, 239.

IMPLIED POWERS,

of municipal corporations, what are, 235-255.
granted by State constitutions, 77, 78.

IMPLIED PROHIBITIONS,

to the States by the national Constitution, 24.
upon legislative power, 199-213.

IMPORTS,

State taxation of, 732, 733.

IMPOSTS,

to be uniform throughout the Union, 11.
what the States may lay, 19.
taxation by, 617.

IMPRESSMENT OF SEAMEN,

not admissible in America, 367.
IMPRISONMENT,

for legislative contempt must terminate with the session, 164.
for debt may be abolished as to existing contracts, 351.
unlimited, cannot be inflicted for common-law offence, 407.
relief from. (See HABEAS COR pus.)

IMPROVEMENTS,

owner of land cannot be compelled to make, 483, 664.
betterment laws, 483-487.

local, assessments for the making of, 619-637.

INCHOATE RIGHTS,

(See ASSESSMENTS.)

power of the legislature in regard to, 445–448.

INCIDENTAL INJURIES,

by change in the law, give no claim to compensation, 481.
(See EMINENT DOMAIN.)

INCOMPETENT PERSONS,

legislative authority for sale of lands of, 118-129, 488.
exclusion of, from suffrage, 753.

INCONTINENCE,

accusation of, against female, not actionable, per se, 529.
statutory provisions respecting, 529.

INCORPORATIONS,

charters of private, are contracts, 339, 340.

charters of municipal, are not, 231–233, 336.

control of, by police regulations, 719-722.

(See CHARTERS; MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.)

INDEBTEDNESS BY STATE,

prohibition of, whether it precludes debts by towns, counties, &c., 271.
INDECENT PUBLICATIONS,

sale of, may be prohibited, 748, 749.

parties not free to make, 528.

INDEMNIFICATION,

of officers of municipal corporation where liability is incurred in supposed
discharge of duty, 254, 255.

power of legislature to compel, 257.

not to be made in case of refusal to perform duty, 259.

INDEMNITY,

for property taken for public use.

(See EMINENT DOMAIN.)

for consequential injuries occasioned by exercise of legal rights, 481.
INDEPENDENCE,

declaration of, by Continental Congress, 8.

new national government established by, 7.

celebration of, at public expense, 258.

of the traverse jury, 396.

of the bar, 412, 413, n., 416, n.

INDIANA,

special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n.

divorces not to be granted by the legislature, 133, n.

exercise of the pardoning power restrained, 140, n.

prohibition of special laws when general can be made applicable, 156, n.
revenue bills must originate in lower house, 160, n.

privilege of legislators from arrest, 163, n.

title of acts to embrace the subject, 173, n.

no act to be amended by mere reference to its title, 184, n.
approval of laws by governor of, 188, n.

time when acts take effect, 191, 226, n.

liberty of speech and of the press in, 520, n.

privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n.

religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n.

religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n.
private property not to be taken without compensation, 703, n.
INDICTMENT,

provisions for protection of, in State constitutions, 44, 45.

in national Constitution, 314–317.

do not owe their origin to constitutions, 46, 47.

English statutes declaratory of, 29, 30, 315.

INELIGIBILITY,

(See PERSONAL LIBERTY.)

of highest candidate, how to affect election, 781.

INFANTS,

excluded from suffrage, 37, 753.

special statutes authorizing sale of lands of, 118-126, 463.
custody of, by parents, 420, 431.

mancipation of, 420.

control of, by masters, guardians, and teachers, 420, 421.

INFERIOR COURTS,

duty of, to pass upon constitutional questions, 198.