KANSAS, K. power to grant divorces vested in the courts, 133, n. exercise of the pardoning power restrained, 140, n. requirement of general laws when they can be made applicable, 156, n. title of acts to embrace the subject, 172, n. no act to be amended by mere reference to its title, 183, 184, n. restriction upon power to contract debts, 271. liberty of speech and of the press in, 520, 521, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n. special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n. divorces not to be granted by legislature, 133, n. revenue bills must originate in lower house, 160, n. title of acts to embrace the subject, 172, n. restriction upon power to contract debts, 271. right of jury to determine the law in cases of libel, 399, n. protection to person and property by the law of the land, 436, n. compact with Virginia, 335, n. liberty of speech and of the press in, 520, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n. exclusion of religious teachers from office, 583, n. religious liberty in, 583, n. private property not to be taken without compensation, 703, n. L. LAW, common, how far in force, 31, n. (See COMMON LAW.) and fact, respective province of court and jury as to, 395-402, 572–577. LAW-MAKING POWER, (See LEGISLATURES OF THE STATES.) LAW OF THE LAND, protection of, insured by magna charta, 435. American constitutional provisions, 12, 13, 19, 436, n. meaning of the term, 437-442, 460, n. vested rights protected by, 443. meaning of vested rights, 443, 461, 471. subjection of, to general laws, 443, 444. interests in expectancy are not, 445-448. rights acquired through the marriage relation, 447. legal remedies not the subject of vested rights, and may be changed, forfeitures must be judicially declared, 450-452. nor revive debts barred by statute of limitations, 460. may cure informalities, 461-478. may perfect imperfect contracts, 358, 462-474. may waive a statutory forfeiture, 467, n., 468, n. may validate imperfect deeds, 469–473. but not as against bona fide purchasers, 472. cannot validate proceedings the legislature could not have authorized, cannot cure defects of jurisdiction in courts, 478. sumptuary laws inadmissible, 483. betterment laws, 484-487. unequal and partial laws, 487-498. invalid judicial proceedings, 499. what necessary to give courts jurisdiction, 499–501. in divorce cases, 501, 502, 505. process must be served or substitute had, 504, 505. no personal judgment in such case, 506, 508. process cannot be served in another State, 505. jurisdiction over guardianship of children in divorce cases, 507. irregular proceedings do not defeat jurisdiction, 511. waiver of irregularities, 511. judicial power cannot be delegated, 512. judge cannot sit in his own cause, 514–515. objection to his interest cannot be waived, 516. right to jury trial in civil cases, 26, n., 513, n. (See TAXATION; EMINENT DOMAIN; POLICE Power.) LAWS, ENACTMENT OF, (See STATUTES.) LAWS IMPAIRING OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS, LAWS, EX POST FACTO, (See Ex Post Facto LAWS; RETROSPECTIVE LAWS.) publication of accounts of, how far privileged, 559-562. (See JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.) LEGAL TENDER, only gold and silver to be made, by the States, 19. division of, 159. not to exercise executive or judicial powers, 106-140. discretion of, not to be controlled by the courts, 52, n., 95, n. LEGISLATIVE DIVORCES, whether they are an exercise of judicial power, 132–137. LEGISLATIVE MOTIVES, not to be inquired into by courts, 164, 166, 224–226, 253. LEGISLATIVE POWERS, enactments in excess of, are void, 4, 211. distinguished from judicial, 110. cannot be delegated, 141-151. exercise of, will not give right of action, 253. cannot extend beyond territorial limits, 154, 155. grant of, will not warrant exercise of executive or judicial powers, 106– 140. LEGISLATIVE PROCEEDINGS, privilege of publication of, 569-572. members not to be questioned for words in course of, 556–558. LEGISLATORS, contested elections of, to be decided by house, 161. duty of, not to violate constitution, 223. presumed correctness of motives, 225, 226. privilege of, in debate, 556-558. right of, to publish speeches, 569–572. LEGISLATURES, COLONIAL, statutes adopted by, in force at Revolution, 33. LEGISLATURES OF THE STATES, power to originate amendments to State constitution, 40 and n. deference due to judicial construction by, 65. powers of, compared with those of Parliament, 104, 105, 208, 209. delegation of legislative power inadmissible, 141–152. nor making charters subject to acceptance, 143. nor conferring powers of local government, 144-152, 230. LEGISLATURES OF THE STATES, ― continued.` but exemptions from taxation may be made, 154, 342, 640. power of, limited to territory of the State, 154. enactment of laws by, 158-194. must be under the constitutional forms, 158, 159. division of, into two houses, 159, 160. when to meet, 160. proroguement by executive, 160. rules of order of, 161, 162. election and qualification of members, determination of, 161. contempts of, may be punished by, 161, 162. but not by commit ees, 164. members of, may be expelled, 161, 162. their privilege from arrest, &c., 163. committees of, for collection of information, &c., 164. power of, to terminate with session, 164. journals of, to be evidence, 164, 165. action of, to be presumed legal and correct, 165. motives of members not to be questioned, 165, 225, 254. "lobby" services illegal, 166. bills, introduction and passage of, 167-171. three several readings of, 96, 97, 170. yeas and nays to be entered on journal, 171. vote on passage of, what sufficient, 171. title of, formerly no part of it, 172. constitutional provisions respecting, 98, 99, 172, n. they are mandatory, 182, 183. particularity required in stating object, 175-177. what is embraced by title, 180–182. effect if more than one object embraced, 179-181. amended statutes, publication of, at length, 184, 185. signing of bills by officers of the houses, 186. approval and veto of bills by governor, 186-188. governor's messages to, 189. special sessions of, 189. when acts to take effect, 190-193. power of the courts to declare statutes unconstitutional, 194-227. full control of, over municipal corporations, 231–234, 279, 286-288. of invalid contracts, 359, 463–477. of irregular sales, taxation, &c., 462-479. not to pass bills of attainder, 19, 42, 317. nor ex post facto laws, 19, 42, 323. nor laws violating obligation of contracts, 19, 42, 154, 333. LEGISLATURES OF THE STATES, — continued. insolvent laws, what may be passed, 359. right to petition, 432. vested rights protected against, 435-498. (See LAW OF THE LAND.) control by, of remedies in criminal cases, 326–333. in civil cases, 351-361, 448-160. control of rules of evidence, 353, 457. may change estates in land, 445. and rights to property under the marriage relation, 447. retrospective legislation by, 460-179. (See RETROSPEctive LegislaTION.) privileges granted by, may be recalled, 479. betterment laws, 484-487. unequal and partial legislation, 487–498. general laws not always essential, 487, 488. special franchises, 492-498. restrictions upon suffrage, 494, 752. power of, to determine for what purposes taxes may be levied, 608-617, cannot authorize property to be taxed out of its district, 622-627. must select the subjects of taxation, 640. may determine necessity of appropriating private property to public use, authority of, requisite to the appropriation, 657. cannot appropriate property to private use, 661. |