them; and, as they are usually either both large or both small in the same individual, it is not necessary to distinguish them. They are indicated by breadth of the lower jaw under the two large molars (fig. 77), and next to Ardent Love. The first of these, Fond Love, delights in caressing, and the second admires and loves the beauty

of the human form, and looks upon it as the crown of Nature's material creation. These two faculties are very liable, when large, to lead to gross sensuality, unless held in check by equally large faculties of

Fig. 77. Love of Beauty.

(f) Severity (fig. 72, 152), and (g) Perseverance (fig. 72, 151), which are the sixth and seventh faculties of Will, and are indicated by the length of the jaw downward under the two large molars; Severity being under the first, and Perseverance under the second. The former is manifested in strictness, rigidity, the observance of stringent rules and lines of conduct, and a stern, uncompromising adherence to an undeviating standard. One with this faculty large, practices severity toward himself and is inclined to exercise it toward others. He will scarcely allow the innocent fondling and caresses of little childrenmuch less any indulgence of Fond Love which might lead to wantonness. Parents and teachers who are very strict with their children and pupils, have this faculty large.

Perseverance is persistence in doing, and the pursuit of something to be attained. When large, nothing can divert it from its purpose; and this directness, this going right on till the object placed before the mind is gained, acts against the indulgence of sensual love. He who is steady in pursuing great and good ends in life, is not liable to pervert the Love of Beauty, but will rather elevate and refine its action, and make it subservient to his soul's true progression.

8. Faithful Love-the eighth faculty of Love, is indicated by breadth of the lower jaw under the wisdom tooth, and just

148).

forward of the angle of the jaw (fig. 72, ""). It desires to beget children, not so much for their own sakes as being pledges of conjugal love, the faculty being a conjugal, not a parental one. In animals it is large in those who pair and remain faithful to their mates.

(h) Resolution-the eighth faculty of Will, is indicated by length of the lower jaw downward under the wisdom tooth (fig. 72, 150). This is that power of the will that resolves, as its name implies. Of It is itself alone, it does not execute. the necessary preliminary to action-the starting point. Hence, in its physical action, it leaps up, jumps up-is large in prancing horses-is not easily kept down to the ground. This faculty is in its nature aspiring; it is the wish or the will for something better or higher than the present; so it resolves to do better. Good resolutions are common enough, but who deliberately makes bad resolutions? whole nature must be greatly perverted. It also sustains and strengthens Faithful Love, which, by itself, might be satisfied with the pledges, love-tokens, and promises given. It inclines the soul to rest content with these and to be in no haste for their consummation; but Resolution says, "Now is the time,"

To

Fig. 78.-RESOLUTION. do that a man's

is not willing to wait, and therefore hastens, in conjunction with other faculties, to remove all obstacles, so that the pledge may be redeemed-the promise fulfilled.

"The soul is the architect and the body the workmanship."-C. P. BRONSON.

OME knowledge of the curious and wonderful mechanism of the human body will

be found useful, if not essential, to the student of practical physiognomy; and, though we can not enter into details here, we deem it desirable to present the general outlines of the system of anatomy on which our teachings in the following chapters are based. It will be observed that it is at once simple and comprehensive-capable of being taken in at a glance, and yet embracing everything.

Figure 73.

We find in the human body three grand classes or systems of organs, each of which has its special function in the general economy. We call them

1. The Motive, or Mechanical System;

2. The Vital, or Nutritive System; and
3. The Mental, or Nervous System.

These three systems, each naturally divided into several branches, include all the organs and perform all the functions of the physical man.

L-THE MECHANICAL SYSTEM.

The mechanical or motive system consists of three sets of organs, forming, in combination, an apparatus of levers through which locomotion and all the larger movements of the body are effected. They are

1. The Bones;

2. The Ligaments; and

3. The Muscles.

1. The Bones.-The bones form the framework of the human body, determine its general form and sustain and give solidity to every part. They are (including the teeth) two hundred and fortysix in number, arrang ed as shown in fig. 80, and united by articulations in such a way as to adapt them perfectly to their various functions.

The bones of the head are eight in number; the face, including the ears, has twenty; and there are thirtytwo teeth; making a total in the head and face of sixty bones. Adding the os hyoides or bone of the tongue, which seems to occupy

an isolated position, we have sixty-one. As we shall have occasion in succeeding chapters to recar to the anatomy

of

these parts, it is unnecessary to describe them in this particu lar connection.

The head, as may be seen, rests upon the spinal or vertebral column, one of the most wonderful of Nature's wonderful works. "It is composed

of twenty-four bones, called vertebræ, linked firmly together by a complicated system of ligaments, giving it immense strength, and, at the same time, great flexibility. It is pierced by what is called the vertebral canal, through which passes the spinal cord. The spinal column is not straight, since that form would have rendered it more liable to be broken, but forming a double curve readily yields a little to any unusual pressure."

The bones of the chest are twenty-five in number, consisting of the breast-bone or sternum and twelve pairs of ribs, and, in connection with the spinal column, constitute the thorax, as represented in fig. 81.

The vertebral ends of the ribs are expanded into heads for articulation with contiguous vertebræ. The two lower ribs are much shorter than the others and are called floating ribs. The sternal ends

Fig. 82.-BONES OF THE HAND.

of the ribs are cartilaginous, thus contributing to the elasticity of the thorax.

The upper extremities are made up of sixty-four bones.