heads of the canyons are huge amphitheatres which have steeply sloping walls one to three thousand feet in height. In the rainy interior, hundreds of streamlets, tumbling from the crests of the interfluves or from the summit plateau, have deeply furrowed the walls of the amphitheatres and upper portions of the canyons. These fall lines appear as strips of black rock through the heavy jungle tapestry, since practically no vegetation grows along them. Seaward, where the rainfall is lighter, the channelling of the walls is less conspicuous. Toward the interior of the island, the multiplication of tributary streams has resulted in the development of complex drainage patterns. The divides separating the streams are steep, serrated ridges, frequently too narrow to walk on; near the coast, where the streams are fewer, the divides, especially on the leeward side of the mountain, are much broader.

Magnificent sea-cliffs have been eroded into the windward (northern and northeastern) coasts of West Maui; low cliffs also are present at various places along the windward coast. On both East and West Maui, a recent slight emergence of the island has brought narrow, wave-cut benches at the bases of many of the headlands four or five feet above high-tide level.

The interfluves of West Maui were more or less sharply truncated by wave-attack when the dome stood at a slightly lower elevation than at present. After a slight emergence, a more or less continuous apron of talus has accumulated at the mouths of the canyons and along the bases of the cliffed headlands. This material apparently rests upon a slightly emerged wave-cut platform of volcanic rock. The alluvial fans have been trenched by the streams which flow over them.

East and West Maui are separated by a low saddle about 6 miles across and about 150 feet in maximum elevation. Part of this saddle is covered by dunes of calcareous sand which has been derived from the disintegration of the fringing reef locally present along the shore lines.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following bibliography includes papers referred to in the foregoing pages and others dealing with various phases of the geology, geomorphology, petrography, and water supply of the island of Maui:

1. ALEXANDER, J. M., The newly discovered crater of Maui: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 525-526, 1874.

2. ALEXANDER, W. D., On the crater of Haleakala, Island of Maui, Hawaiian group: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 49, pp. 43-48, 1870.

3. BAILEY, C. T., AND STEWART, J. M., Surface water supply of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 515, pp. 65-110, 1923.

4. BRYAN, W. A., Natural history of Hawaii: Honolulu, 1915, pp. 137-147. 5. CROSS, W., Lavas of Hawaii and their relations: U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 88, pp. 25-32, 1915.

6. DALY, R. A., Igneous rocks and their origin: New York, 1913.

7.

The geology of American Samoa: Papers from the Dept. of Marine Biology, Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 19, pp. 95-142, 1924. 8. DANA, E. S., Contributions to the petrography of the Sandwich Islands: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 37, pp. 441-467, 1889. Also in DANa, J. D., Characteristics of volcanoes, New York, 1890, pp. 349-353.

9. Dana, J. D., United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842, vol. 10, Geology, pp. 226-231, 1849.

10.

11.

12.

On labradorite from the island of Maui, Hawaiian group: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 11, p. 121, 1851.

Points in the geological history of the islands of Maui and Oahu: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 37, pp. 81-103, 1889.

Characteristics of volcanoes, New York, 1890, pp. 269-282.

13. DAVIS, W. M., The marginal islands of the coral seas: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 181-182, 1923.

14. DUTTON, C. E., Hawaiian volcanoes: U. S. Geol. Surv., Fourth Ann. Rept., pp. 199-211, 1884.

15. GROVER, N. C., Surface water supply of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 445, pp. 144-201, 1917.

16.

Surface water supply of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Watersupply paper 465, pp. 115-171, 1919.

17. GROVER, N. C., and BAILEY, C. T., Surface water supply of Hawaii : U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 465, pp. 115-171, 1919.

18. GROVER, N. C., AND LARRISON, C. K., Surface water supply of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 430, pp. 207-308, 1917.

19. HINDS, N. E. A., Geological observations on the island of Maui, Hawaii: Science, vol. 61, pp. 316-318, 1925.

20. HITCHCOCK, C. H., Hawaii and its volcanoes: Honolulu, 1909, pp. 45-48. 21. LARRISON, G. K., Water resources of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 373, pp. 104-154, 1915.

22. MANN, H., On the crater of Haleakala, East Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc., vol. 11, pp. 112-113, 1867.

23. MARTIN, C. H., AND PIERCE, W. F., Water resources of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 318, pp. 197-332, 1913.

24. MÖHLE, F., Beitrag zur Petrographie der Sandwich-und Samoa-Inseln: Neues Jahrb., Beilage Band 15, pp. 67-71, 1902.

25. PIERCE, C. H., AND LARRISON, G. K., Water resources of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 336, pp. 129-211, 1914.

26. PIRSSON, L. V., Text-book of Geology, New York, 1920, p. 221.

27. POWERS, S., Tectonic lines in the Hawaiian Islands: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 26, pp. 501-514, 1917.

28.

Notes on Hawaiian petrology: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 50, pp. 256-280, 1917.

29. STEWART, J. E., Surface water supply of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv.. Water-supply paper 516, pp. 73-134, 1924.

30.

Surface water supply of Hawaii: U. S. Geol. Surv., Watersupply paper 535, pp. 84-147, 1924.

31. WASHINGTON, H. S., Chemical analyses of igneous rocks, 1884-1913: U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 99, 1917.

32. WASHINGTON, H. S., AND MERWIN, H. E., Augite of Haleakala, Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 117-122, 1922.

33. WINSLOW, C. F., On the supposed coral bed at a high elevation on the island of Maui: Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 15, pp. 450-451, 1853.

34. HINDS, N. E. A., Geology of the island of Maui, Hawaii: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 36, pp. 173-174, 1925.

35.

Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii: Jour. Geol., vol. 33, pp. 528-529, 1925.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE 1. Map of the windward section of the Hawaiian archipelago. U. S., C. and G. S., Chart No. 4102.

PLATE 2. Map of the islands of the Maui group (Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe), Hawaii, U. S. C. and G. S., Chart No. 4116. PLATE 3. Map of the distribution of rainfall and the drainage on the Island of Maui, Hawaii. Rainfall data furnished by L. H: Daingerfield, U. S. Weather Bureau. Drainage map from U. S. Geol. Surv., Water-supply paper 318.

PLATE 4. A youthful gorge on the southeastern side of Haleakala, East Maui. Photographed by R. J. Baker.

PLATE 5. A youthful gorge on the heavily watered, jungle covered, northeastern slope of Haleakala, East Maui. Photographed by R. J. Baker.

PLATE 6. The sharply wave-cliffed coast of southeast Haleakala, East Maui. Recently emerged, wave-cut benches, standing about 5 feet above high-tide level, are present at the bases of many of the headlands. PLATE 7. The faulted depression at the summit of Haleakala, East Maui, showing the southern fault gap. Some of the recent lavas, erupted on the floor of the depression, have cascaded down the side of the dome through this discharge-way.

PLATE 8. The western side of the faulted depression at the summit of Haleakala, East Maui. The walls are steeply sloping scarps, at the bases of which are almost continuous aprons of talus. Four of the recent cinder cones and one recent lava flow appear in the foreground.

PLATE 9. The submaturely dissected, windward (northeastern) side of West Maui. The alluvial and talus deposits in the foreground have accumulated at the mouths of the canyons and along wavecliffed interfluves on a slightly emerged, wave-cut platform of volcanic rocks. The streams flowing over the alluvial fans have slightly trenched them. Photographed by R. J. Baker.

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