DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL SCHOOLS. Centennial Thoughts on Normal Schools. By the President What is a School, etc. By Dr. J. H. Hoose...... What may Schools do to form right Habits of Thought and Personal and Acquired Gifts of Teaching. By H. B. Buckham DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTION. Characteristics of Froebel's Method, Kindergarten Training w trations. By Mrs. John Kraus-Boelte........... Address by the President, S. R. Thompson.... The Industrial Education of Women. By the Hon. Ezra S. C Discussion of Mr. Carr's Paper........ Instruction in Manual Arts in Connection with Scientific Stud Discussion of Prof. Miles's Paper.......... What can be done to secure a larger Proportion of Educate Drawing as an Element of Advanced Industrial Education. I Required adjustments in Scientific Education with especial r ENERAL ASSOCIATION. First Day's Proceedings. MORNING SESSION. teenth Annual Meeting of the National Educational Association e Academy of Music, in Baltimore, Md., at 10 o'clock, a. M., July 10th, 1876. After the calling of the Association to order by dent, W. F. PHELPS, the Rev. Dr. J. AVERY SHEPHERD opened ses with prayer. esident then introduced His Excellency JOHN LEE CARROLL, GovMaryland, who welcomed the Association in the following words: ve been favored in this country during the past few months with umber and a great variety of conventions. Of these our city of e has had her full share, and although some of our meetings have as exciting as those to which we might refer, on other questions, less they have been replete with interest, and have accomplished purposes for which they have been convened. e called upon to-day to welcome to our midst those who have here from every quarter of our country, as the voluntary conto the greatest source of strength that we possess as a nation. offices to bestow upon expectant candidates, without the intense nt that stirs to its depths the gathering of political bodies, we have and quiet advocates of education, assembled to renew their allethe cause, and particularly to propose the changes and improvehich experience has shown are required. Here, indeed, is a that may well call forth the admiration of an intelligent people, ored is the State or city that is made the theatre of their useful ions. ave a national, a patriotic feeling of pride in our great system of cation, and long ago the sentiments had become deeply impressed -ublic mind that one of the first duties of the government is to prothe instruction of its youth. Hence, in the strong remarks of one eading statesmen, "for the purposes of instruction, every man is to taxation in proportion to his property, and we look not to the whether he have or have not children to be benefited by the eduor which he pays. We regard it as a wise and liberal system of y which life and property and peace and safety are secured. We hope for a security above and beyond the law-in the prev enlightened moral sentiment, and knowing that our gover directly on the public will, in order that we may preserve it to direct into safe and proper channels." These are noble words and purposes, well calculated to encou are interested in the cause. Nor at the same time can we d free-school system has become an engine of mighty power, used for evil as well as good. How important, then, becomes conferences of gentlemen who are interested in the great cau tion. How important that acting under the instructions of interest themselves for the public good, we should, in the eloque of Webster, "sometimes stop and take an observation, to see elements may have driven us from our true and proper course. This I take to be the right purpose of this assemblage here feeling that the appreciation of the people of Maryland of the ings of free education can be second to none in our broad land, honor, gentlemen, in their name, to welcome you to your labo assurance and belief that they can only be directed for the prosperity of all. F. C. LATROBE, Mayor of Baltimore, then welcomed the Asso spoke as follows: Gentlemen of the National Educational Association.-The Maryland has welcomed you to our State, I now bid you we chief city. We are glad that you have selected Baltimore as y assembling for the centennial year. The great cause of educa furtherance of which your society is so earnestly engaged, is r our people with an especial interest, manifested by a systen schools, which we believe compares favorably with that of any cities. In 1875 our schools numbered 125, with an attendan pupils, and were supported by an expenditure of $717,000. 1 statement to show that the people of Baltimore are alive to th of a general diffusion of knowledge among our citizens. The great liberality of a fellow-townsman has enabled us to es Johns-Hopkins University, which we hope is destined to be n pride of our State and city, but valued and appreciated thro whole country. I am sure that much good to the cause of educ result from your deliberations. Coming, as you do, from all sect Union, your experience and knowledge of the subject necessar your discussions a value from which those having control of important national institution cannot fail to derive great bene this city will watch your proceedings with no small degree of in as you have honored us in the selection of your place of m would be false to our reputation for hospitality did we fail to ext a right hearty Maryland welcome to the city of Baltimore. The President then responded to these words of welcome as fo Governor Carroll and Mr. Mayor:-When nearly one yea American Educational Association assembling and deliberating ubrious atmosphere of the Northwest, received a telegram from inviting the Association to assemble in this place in this center we were perfectly well aware that we should receive a warm reception. Not that we expected the visitation that the clerk of the weather seems to have bestowed upon us; but we were aware of the notable and generous provisions made by the City of Baltimore and the State of Maryland for the education of her people. The reputation of its splendid system of public schools, culminating in the Baltimore City College; the magnificent endowment of the Johns-Hopkins University, by the munificence of one of your citizens: the grand provision made here for your reformatory and correctional institutions, extending their blessings to every class and every form of human want and human suffering, had given to your city a reputation which is as extended as our country itself. It was on this account more than upon any other that we were induced to select this city as the location of the present meeting. Allow me, therefore, in the name and in behalf of this Association to tender to you its grateful acknowledgements for your warm words of welcome, and for the generous reception which you have accorded to us. I will only say in this connection-for the temperature admonishes us that we should be brief-that it will be our earnest endeavor to show ourselves to have been worthy of the kind and generous words with which you have addressed us. After this response he proceeded to deliver the following INAUGURAL ADDRESS. Ladies and Gentlemen of the National Educational Association: Allow me to congratulate you upon the auspicious circumstances under which you meet to celebrate another anniversary of this cherished organization. Nineteen years ago, a few earnest spirits assembled in that city of brotherly love where the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, and a new nation was born, to inaugurate this movement designed to aid in giving full effect to the ideas upon which that nation was founded. Some of these worthy spirits are with us to rejoice to-day. Others, through the chances and changes of time, have been borne to distant places and into different pursuits. Others, still, as we may reverently trust, are looking down approvingly upon us from the serene heights of that Better Country which is the exceeding great reward of life's toilsome march bravely and worthily endured. It is meet that we should mingle our congratulations on this occasion, that the seed thus sown in weakness has been raised in power; that the acorn thus planted by loving hands, in 1857, has continued to expand until, in this Centennial of the Republic, it has become a vigorous oak in the grateful shade of whose wide-spreading branches are gathered the representatives of our whole country and of many lands beyond the sea. It is a noteworthy coincidence, too, that while we are here to discuss the true principles of national greatness, welfare, and happiness, in that city where the inalienable rights of man received their noblest and best expression, there is an august assemblage of the people of every clime, to study in one vast object lesson the palpable demonstration of the truth that knowledge is power; that liberty is the birthright of man; tha intelligence universally diffused are not only a nation's greates surest defense, but the world's most imperative need. In that grand concourse we behold the representatives of o mother-country, merry England, upon whose dominions it is never sets. She is there to bear witness to the marvellous pro children through that brief cycle in a nation's history, a hund peaceful development. And "sunny France," chastened by t tion of recent defeat, yet emerging, as we may fervently hop darkness of despotism into the clear light of liberty, equality, an United Germany, whose "thinking bayonets," in 1870, reverse ters of 1806; imperial Russia, stretching across two continents, eyes turned toward the Bosphorus and the plains beyond; T Sick Man;" classic Greece, nursery of sages and heroes; Ital the Mediterranean; Austria, Spain, and the Norseland-all are t ticipate in the great pageant in honor of the victory that free t free labor have won. Nor are these all. In that eager throng we may see the rep from India's coral strand; from China, the Flowery Kingdom, Confucius, shut up for a thousand years within the impenetra her own exclusiveness, yet in these latter days opening her march of progress; from Japan, that marvellous example of a to new life in a day-Japan, aglow with the throbbing pulsations civilization; stirred to the very depths of its social and politica American ideas, American institutions, and American industri and directed by American educators and American artisans. And so, too, from Afric's sunny fountains; from the banks of yet mysterious river; from the shores of the historic sea whose parted that the elect of God might escape from the marshalled vindictive pursuer; from Egypt, "ancient of days," whose tra lost in the mists of five thousand years; whose pyramids, temple lisks are the mausoleums of buried labor, have come a new r men to witness the miracles that have been wrought by free to free soil of this land of the Occident. And last, but not least, we cannot omit, on this occasion, an mention of that vast continent, linked alike in physical structur ical destiny with our own; that land where a Bolivar once str triumphed in the cause of liberty; where a Sarmiento, prince an men and patriots, still lives and labors, and where a Dom P earnestly seeking to enlighten and to bless. That land so long ternal dissensions, catching the spirit of the age, has vigorously work of national regeneration, by sending the schoolmaster ins soldier abroad. The Argentine Republic, under the eminentl statesmanlike leadership of Sarmiento and his compatriots, that the common school is the corner-stone of a free governmen broad and deep the foundations of future prosperity. Normal there being established in every province, under the direction of teachers whose acceptable services command a most generous re the Emperor of Brazil, like another famous monarch of the East |