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XLIV. Of Deformity.

EFORMED Perfons are commonly even with Nature; for as Nature hath done ill by them, fo do they by Nature; being for the most part (as the Scripture faith) void of natural Affection; and fo they have their Revenge of Nature. Certainly

there is a Confent between the Body and the Mind, and where Nature erreth in the one, fhe ventureth in the other: Ubi peccat in uno, periclitatur in altero. But because there is in Man an Election, touching the Frame of his Mind, and a Neceffity in the Frame of his Body, the Stars of natural Inclination are fometimes obfcured by the Sun of Discipline and Virtue; therefore it is good to confider of Deformity, not as a Sign which is more deceivable; but as a Cause which feldom faileth of the Effect. Whofoever hath any Thing fixed in his Person that doth induce Contempt, hath alfo a perpetual Spur in himself, to rescue and deliver himself from Scorn; therefore all deformed Perfons are extreme bold. First, as in their own Defence, as being expofed to Scorn, but in Process of Time by a general Habit. Also it stirreth in them Industry, and especially of this kind, to watch and obferve the Weakness of others, that they may have fomewhat to repay. Again, in their Superiors, it quencheth Jealousy towards them, as Perfons that they think they may

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1 Rom. i. 31; 2 Tim. iii. 3.

at pleasure despise: and it layeth their Competitors and Emulators afleep; as never believing they fhould be in poffibility of advancement till they fee them in Poffeffion: fo that upon the matter, in a great Wit, Deformity is an Advantage to Rifing. Kings in ancient Times (and at this present in some Countries,) were wont to put great Truft in Eunuchs; because they that are envious towards all are more obnoxious and officious towards one. But yet their Truft towards them hath rather been as to good Spials and good Whisperers than good Magiftrates and Officers and much like is the Reafon of deformed Perfons. Still the Ground is, they will, if they be of Spirit, feek to free themfelves from Scorn; which must be either by Virtue, or Malice: and, therefore, let it not be marvelled, if fometimes they prove excellent Perfons; as was Agefilaus, Zanger the Son of Solyman, Æsop, Gafca Prefident of Peru; and Socrates may go likewife amongst them, with others.

XLV. Of Building.

OUSES are built to live in, and not to look on; therefore let Use be preferred before Uniformity, except where both may be had. Leave the goodly Fabricks of Houses, for Beauty only, to the enchanted Palaces of the Poets, who build them with fmall Coft. He that builds a fair Houfe upon an ill Seat

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committeth himself to Prison. Neither do I reckon it an ill Seat only where the Air is unwholesome, but likewise where the Air is unequal; as you fhall fee many fine Seats fet upon a knap of Ground environed with higher Hills round about it; whereby the Heat of the Sun is pent in, and the Wind gathereth as in Troughs; so as you shall have, and that suddenly, as great Diversity of Heat and Cold as if you dwelt in feveral Places. Neither is it ill Air only that maketh an ill Seat; but ill Ways, ill Markets; and, if you will confult with Momus,1 ill Neighbours. I fpeak not of many More; Want of Water; Want of Wood, Shade, and Shelter ; Want of Fruitfulness, and mixture of Grounds of several Natures; Want of Prospect; Want of level Grounds; Want of Places at some near Distance for Sports of Hunting, Hawking, and Races; too near the Sea, too remote; having the Commodity of Navigable Rivers, or the Discommodity of their Overflowing; too far off from great Cities, which may hinder Business; or too near them, which lurcheth all Provifions, and maketh every Thing dear; where a Man hath a great Living laid together, and where he is scanted: all which, as it is impoffible perhaps to find together, fo it is good to know them, and think of them, that a Man may take as many as he can and if he have several Dwellings, that he fort them so that what he wanteth in the one he may find in the other. Lucullus answered Pompey well, who when he saw his Stately

1 i. e. if you are disposed to lead a pleasant life, Momus being the god of mirth.

Galleries and Rooms fo large and lightsome, in one of his Houses, faid, Surely, an excellent Place for Summer, but how do you in Winter? Lucullus anfwered, Why, do you not think me as wife as fome Fowl are, that ever change their Abode towards the Winter? 2

To pass from the Seat to the House itself we will do as Cicero doth in the Orator's Art, who writes Books De Oratore, and a Book he entitles Orator; whereof the Former delivers the Precepts of the Art, and the Latter the Perfection. We will therefore describe a Princely Palace, making a brief Model thereof: for it is ftrange to fee, now in Europe, fuch huge Buildings as the Vatican and Efcurial, and fome others be, and yet scarce a very fair Room in them.

First therefore, I fay, you cannot have a perfect Palace, except you have two several Sides; a Side for the Banquet, as is fpoken of in the Book of Efther, and a Side, for the Household: the one for Feafts and Triumphs, and the other for Dwelling. I understand both thefe Sides to be not only Returns, but Parts of the Front; and to be uniform without, though feverally partitioned within; and to be on both Sides, of a Great and Stately Tower, in the midst of the Front, that as it were, joineth them together on either Hand. I would have, on the Side of the Banquet in Front, one only goodly Room above Stairs, of some Forty Foot high; and under it a Room, for a dressing or preparing Place at Times of Triumphs. On the other Side, which 2 Plut. Vit. Lucull. 39.

3 Efther i. 6.

is the Household Side, I wish it divided at the first into a Hall and a Chapel (with a Partition between) both of good State and Bignefs: and thofe not to go all the length, but to have at the further end a Winter and a Summer Parlour, both fair; and under these Rooms, a fair and large Cellar funk under Ground; and likewise fome privy Kitchens, with Butteries, and Pantries, and the like. As for the Tower, I would have it two Stories of Eighteen Foot high apiece above the two Wings; and a goodly Leads upon the Top railed with Statuas interpofed; and the fame Tower to be divided into Rooms, as shall be thought fit. The Stairs likewife to the upper Rooms, let them be upon a fair open Newel, and finely railed in, with Images of Wood, caft into a Brafs Colour: and a very fair Landing Place at the Top. But this to be, if you do not point any of the lower Rooms for a Dining Place of Servants; for otherwise, you shall have the Servants' Dinner after your own: for the Steam of it will come up as in a Tunnel. And fo much for the Front; only I understand the Height of the firft Stairs to be Sixteen Foot, which is the Height of the Lower Room.

Beyond this Front is there to be a fair Court, but three Sides of it of a far Lower building than the Front. And in all the four Corners of that Court fair Stair Cafes, caft into Turrets on the Outfide, and not within the Row of Buildings themselves. But those Towers are not to be of the Height of the Front, but rather proportionable to the Lower Building. Let the Court not be paved, for that

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