APPENDIX TO ESSAYS.

1. A Fragment of an Effay of Fame.'

HE Poets make Fame a Monster: they describe her in part finely and elegantly, and in part gravely and sententiously: they fay, Look how many Feathers fhe hath, so many Eyes fhe hath underneath, fo many Tongues, so many Voices, fhe pricks up fo many Ears.

This is a flourish; there follow excellent Parables; as that she gathereth Strength in going; that she goeth upon the Ground, and yet hideth her Head in the Clouds; that in the day-time fhe fitteth in a Watch-tower, and flieth most by night; that the mingleth Things done with Things not done; and that fhe is a Terror to great Cities; but that which paffeth all the reft is, they do recount that the Earth, mother of the Giants that made war against Jupiter, and were by him deftroyed, thereupon in anger brought forth Fame, for certain it is that Rebels figured by the Giants and feditious Fames, and Libels, are but Brothers and Sifters, masculine and feminine: but now if a

1 Published by Dr. Rawley in his Refufcitatio.

Man can tame this Monster, and bring her to feed at the hand and govern her, and with her fly other ravening Fowl and kill them, it is fomewhat worth: but we are infected with the Style of the Poets. To speak now in a fad and serious Manner, there is not in all the Politics a Place lefs handled, and more worthy to be handled than this of Fame : we will therefore speak of these points: what are falfe Fames; and what are true Fames; and how they may be beft difcerned; how Fames may be fown and raised; how they may be spread and multiplied; and how they may be checked and laid dead; and other things concerning the nature of Fame. Fame is of that Force as there is scarcely any great Action wherein it hath not a great Part, especially in the War. Mucianus undid Vitellius by a Fame that he fcattered, that Vitellius had in Purpose to remove the Legions of Syria into Germany, and the Legions of Germany into Syria; whereupon the Legions of Syria were infinitely inflamed. Julius Cæfar took Pompey unprovided; and laid asleep his Industry and Preparations by a Fame that he cunningly gave out, how Cæfar's own Soldiers loved him not; and, being wearied with the Wars and laden with the Spoils of Gaul, would forfake him as soon as he came into Italy.3 Livia fettled all things for the fucceffion of her Son Tiberius by continual giving out that her Husband Auguftus was upon Recovery and Amendment; and it is a ufual thing with the Bashaws,

2 Tacit. Hift. ii. 80.

3 Cæf. de Bell. Civ. i. 6.

4 Tacit. Ann. i. 5.

to conceal the Death of the Great Turk from the Fanizaries and Men of War, to save the Sacking of Conftantinople and other Towns, as their manner is. Themistocles made Xerxes, King of Perfia, poft apace out of Gracia, by giving out that the Grecians had a Purpose to break his Bridge of Ships which he had made athwart Hellefpont. There be a thousand fuch like Examples, and the more they are, the less they need to be repeated, because a man meeteth with them every where: therefore let all wife Governors have as great a Watch and Care over Fames as they have of the Actions and Defigns themselves.

[The Reft of this Essay was not finished.]

II. Of a King.

KING is a Mortal God on Earth, unto whom the living God hath lent his own Name as a great Honour; but withal told him he should die like a Man, left he should be proud and flatter himself that God hath with his Name imparted unto him his Nature also.

2. Of all kind of Men God is the least beholden unto them; for he doth most for them and they do ordinarily least for hiın.

3. A King that would not feel his Crown too

5 See Herod. viii. 108, 109.

heavy for him, must wear it every day; but if he think it too light he knoweth not of what Metal it is made,

4. He must make Religion the Rule of Government, and not to balance the Scale; for he that cafteth in Religion only to make the Scales even, his own weight is contained in thofe Characters, “Mene, mene, tekel, upharfin, He is found too light, his Kingdom fhall be taken from him."

5. And that King, that holds not Religion the best Reason of State, is void of all Piety and Justice, the Supporters of a King.

6. He must be able to give Counsel himself, but not rely thereupon; for though happy Events juftify their Counsels, yet it is better that the evil Event of good Advice be rather imputed to a Subject than a Sovereign.

7. He is the Fountain of Honour, which should not run with a waste Pipe, left the Courtiers fell the Water, and then, as Papists say of their holy Wells, it lofes the Virtue.

8. He is the Life of the Law, not only as he is lex loquens himself, but because he animateth the dead Letter, making it active towards all his Subjects præmio et pæna.

9. A wife King muft do lefs in altering his Laws than he may; for new Government is ever dangerous. It being true in the Body Politic as in the Corporal, that omnis fubita immutatio eft periculofa; and though it be for the better, yet it is not without a fearful Apprehenfion; for he that changeth the Fundamental Laws of a Kingdom,