1322 The earl of Lancaster and about twenty other noblemen condemned and executed The rapacity of the younger Spencer ibid. ibid. 1324 Isabella, his queen, enters into a conspiracy against him 1327 The king accused of incapacity for government and de- posed ibid. The German empire and its dependencies, Rome and the Ita- lian States, from the election of Rodolph of Hapsburgh to 1273 Rodolph Count of Hapsburgh invested with the imperial 1277 Again rebels, and is slain in battle Rodolph settles the affairs of Italy ibid. ibid. Albert duke of Austria is raised to the Imperial throne ib. And Albert kills his competitor Adolphus in battle 435 The Jews persecuted with great rigour in Germany 436 1308 The rise of the republic of Switzerland Remarkable circumstances with which it was attended 438 1309 The Count of Luxembourg elected emperor, under the ibid. 1311 The emperor there compels universal submission 1313 Dies at Benevento ibid. He institutes the supreme tribunals called Parliaments 449 1303 His quarrel with the See of Rome ibid Orders the Pope's Bull to be thrown into the fire ibid. 1314 Philip IV. succeeded by his son Lewis X. 1316 Violent dispute in regard to the succession, on the death 1317 The States of the kingdom, by a solemn decree, declare all Females incapable of succeeding to the crown of 1328 Philip de Valois, in consequence of that decree, is unani- Secretly encourages Edward Baliol in his claim upon the 1332 Baliol makes himself master of that kingdom 1333 Is expelled, and takes refuge in England ibid. Edward agrees to reinstate him, on his admitting the su- The Scots again revolt from Baliol, and return to their allegiance under David Bruce, the son of the great Ro- 1336 Edward, a second and third time, marches into their Philip de Valois advances against him at the head of an Reflections on the invention of fire-arms David Bruce, King of Scotland, invades England He is defeated and made prisoner by an English army, 1348 He concludes a truce with France, and returns in tri- Character of King John, his son and successor Dangerous intrigues of Charles, King of Navarre ibid. ibid. 1356 Edward Prince of Wales, commonly called the Black Prince, invades France on the expiration of the truce 474 Battle of Poictiers [Sept. 19.] ibid. Prince of Wales defeats the French and takes their king ibid. His generous treatment of the captive monarch ibid. 1357 He concludes a truce for two years, and returns to Eng- 1360 Concludes an advantageous peace with his prisoner, King John, who obtains his liberty ibid. 1366 Peter dethroned by his brother Henry, assisted by a ibid. 1380 Of Charles V. of France ibid The German empire and its dependencies, Rome and the Itali an States, from the election of Lewis of Bavaria to the 1313 Death of Henry VII. followed by an interregnum Italy and Germany desolated by civil wars 1322 Lewis V. undisputed emperor 338 Establishes a constitution, with the concurrence of the Princes both Ecclesiastical and Secular, by which it was irrevocably fixed, "That the plurality of the Suffrages "of the electoral College confers the Empire, without "the consent of the Holy See." Germany enjoys the blessings of peace ibid. 1347 Lewis V. succeeded in the Imperial throne by the Duke of Luxembourg, under the name of Charles IV. 491 Nicholas Reinzi, an ambitious demagogue, excites disor- ibid. 1348 Lewis king of Hungary, her husband's brother, accuses her of the murder of that prince ibid. 1378 His death ibid. THE HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE. PART I. FROM THE RISE OF THE MODERN KINGDOMS TO THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, IN 1648. LETTER I. DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, AND THE SETTLEMENT OF THE BARBARIANS. You have already, my dear Philip, finished your course of Ancient History, under your preceptor : in the elements of Modern History, I myself will undertake to instruct you. The establishment of the present European nations; the origin of our laws, manners, and customs; the progress of society, of arts, and of letters, demand your particular attention, and were ill committed to the disquisitions of a mere scholar. Europe is the theatre on which the human character has appeared to most advantage, and where society has attained its most perfect form, both in ancient and modern times; its history will, therefore, furnish us with VOL I. F every |