vividness. The girls tell Huza to choose the worst-looking sword and the worst horse, when the giant gives him choice. [This is a widely distributed incident in European tales.] The giant comes in and smells the hero, whom the princesses have hidden. [Cf. Chapter V, incident D.] The hero then utters his challenge, and the weapons are chosen. The six heads come off easily, but the seventh always grows on until the hero, by the advice of the youngest princess, throws it under the feet of the horse, which kicks it to pieces.

G. Tokens. The princesses give him medallions and handkerchiefs as tokens.

H. Treacherous companions. The compaions run off with the princesses after the hero has sent them up on a rope.

11. Magic help to upper world. Huza receives a wishing ring from a man in the lower world who calls him cousin, and with this ring he summons a fox and then, by the advice of the fox, an eagle.

12. Trip to upper world on eagle's back. The eagle carries him to the upper world, and on the way consumes a whole beer.

J. Tokens presented. Huza now takes the form of an old man in the village of the princesses. By apprenticing himself to a goldsmith, he succeeds in bringing the tokens he has to the attention of the king, and receives his favorite princess as his wife. Although he condemns his treacherous companions to severe punishment, he afterwards relents and makes them officials in the kingdom when he succeeds to the throne.

[The remarkable feature of this version of the tale is the extraordinary fullness of detail with which it is related. Some of the incidents do not belong in this story, but they are all purely European.]

14. Loucheux: Russell, JAFL, xiii, 11.

A1. Bear's son (?). Little Hairy Man is given a big knife in return for having killed a theiving polar bear.

C. Extraordinary companions. He comes upon two brothers, Breaking-Mountain and Breaking-Sticks, who join him in

travels.

D1. Turns at home-keeping in little house. Regular.
E.

his

Rope descent into lower world. Regular. The brothers try it first, but become frightened.

F. Rescue of princesses. In the lower world, the hero finds a two-headed monster in a room. He cuts off the heads and goes to a second room, where he finds and kills a three-headed monster. In like manner, in a third room he kills a four-headed monster. In a fourth room he finds three pretty women.

G. Tokens. He becomes enamored of the youngest of the women, who gives him a ring.

H. Treacherous companions. Regular.

11. Magic help to upper world. A little dog licks the wounds of the hero and shows him the way to escape. He comes across a woodpecker, a wasp, and a worm quarreling over the distribution of a moose carcass. He acts as umpire to the satisfaction of the animals, who give him the power of magic transportation. See Chapter I, No. 8, incident A1, above, and p. 407, below.] By using this power he goes to the upper world and finds the women.

J. Tokens presented. He helps in the kitchen at the home of the women. At the table he puts his ring into the plate of his sweetheart, who thus recognizes him. He takes vengeance on his companions.

External soul. The hero now goes on adventures, and finds a woman whose husband is an egre with an external scul. [For tris incident see Chapter XV below.]

15. Micmac: Leland, Algonquin Legends of New England, p. 311.

A1; A2. Bear's son; strong hero. A woman has a son by a bear. He is supernaturally strong, and kills his bear father. C. Extraordinary companions. Regular.

D1. Turns at home-keeping in little house. Regular. (E). Descent to cavern. Little Elf Boy, who was defeated in the little house, tells the hero of a seven-headed dragon in a cavern below. Here Elf Boy's three sisters are kept. The hero descends into the cavern.

F. Rescue of princess. The hero fights seven days against the dragon and finally kills it with a magic staff. He rescues the three sisters.

H. Treacherous companions. Regular.

12. Magic help to upper world.

The hero reaches his com

panions' side by riding on the Elf Boy's back. He gives his companions two of the girls, and he takes the third for himself.

Forgotten fiancée.

The hero and his bride start home on a [The story now takes up the incident of "the forgotten fiancée." Cf. Chapter VI, incident L.]

visit.

16. Tepecano: Mason, JAFL, xxvii, 176.

A1. Bear's son. A woman stolen by a bear gives birth to two sons, one human and the other a bear.

B. Fearless bear's son. Regular.

(E). Descent into lower world. Hero helps others seek money in a cave, where he is attacked by devils and wild animals.

F. Rescue of princesses. Regular.

G. Treacherous companions. Regular.

11. Magic help to upper world. He gets magic power by biting the ear of one of the devils he has defeated. Cf. No. 6, incident I1, above. Both versions are Mexican, and undoubtedly represent Spanish tradition.

17. Chilcotin: Farrand, JE, ii, No. 28. [Cf. Nos. 4 and 8 above].

D2. Watch for devastating monster. A chief is greatly. troubled by a thief who steals his vegetables. His son watches one night and shoots the thief.

(E). Descent underground. He follows the wounded thief under the earth until he comes to an underground village, but he cannot find the thief.

11. Magic ascent to upper world. For a long time the hero cannot get back to the surface of the earth, but at last he succeeds with the aid of a magic horse, which when whipped turns into a real horse. When he reaches the upper world, he whips the horse and it becomes a drawing again.

J. Since the boy has been given up for lost, his father has promised his wives to the man who can ride on the point of a spear fastened in the ground. The boy returns and, not being recognized, is made a slave. In the contest, he wins the prize by the aid of his magic horse and comes into his rights once more.

18. Ojibwa: Jones, JAFL, xxix, 386, (No. 45).

D2. Watch for devastating monster. Three brothers, one after the other, are set to watch for a monster that is robbing the fields. The first two fail, but the third and youngest discovers that the thief is a bird.

(E). Descent to lower world. He shoots the bird and pursues it through a hole into the lower world. [See Bolte und Polívka, i, 503.] In the lower world he is taken captive, but when he tells the cause of his pursuit, he receives gifts. On his return home he gives the presents to his father.

by his

H. Treacherous brothers. His brothers accuse him of having stolen the gifts. He is thrown into a pit, but released mother. He then gives the money to his brothers who go to the lower world and receive more.

[This version seems to have lost most of its point.]

19. Assiniboine: Lowie, PaAM, iv, Misc. Tales, No. 34. A1. Bear's son. A woman captured by a bear gives birth to a son in the bear's den. She escapes, and her people kill the bear. B1. Unruly bear's son. The son is unruly and kills several boys at play. Finally one boy conquers him.

20. Kwakiutl: Boas and Hunt, JE, iv (1), pp. 133ff. A2. Strong hero. A youth practices twisting off yew trees in order to gain strength. [Cf. No. 13, incident A2, above, and Chapter XXIII, incident A.]

C. Extraordinary companions. He obtains certain magic gifts and sets out for his father's village. On the way he meets three companions: one who has acquired stone hands by washing them in serpent slime, one of a foreign tribe, and one who is dumb.

They go on and have adventures usually found in Indian tales. There is thorough amalgamation in this version of the European and Indian material.

The tale of "John the Bear" seems to have come to the American Indians from two sources, French and Spanish. Complete French versions exist in Canada, and complete Spanish versions in New Mexico. The Tehuano and Tepecano variants are undoubtedly of Spanish origin, all the others of French.

III. THE WONDERFUL COMPANIONS

The story to be discussed under this head has several points in common with the preceding tale of "John the Bear" (Chapter II), and in some European versions it forms a part of that tale. For a discussion of the variants, see Bolte und Polívka, ii, 79.

EUROPEAN VERSION

1. German: Grimm, No. 71.

A. Extraordinary companions. [Cf. preceding story, incident C. The hero is joined, one after the other, by five extraordinary companions: a man who is so strong that he pulls up six trees at a time; a man who can shoot out the left eye of a fly two miles away; a man who turns seven windmills at two miles' distance by blowing from one nostril; a man who keeps one leg tied up lest he run faster than birds fly; and a man who wears a cap over his ear since, if he should wear it straight, everything in the world would freeze.

B. Race with princess won with help of companions. A princess is offered in marriage to the man who can defeat her in a race; otherwise the contestant is to be killed. With the help of his companions the hero wins the race. The runners are to bring back water from a distant spring. The Runner obtains the water, but he goes to sleep on the roadside before he returns. The princess empties his pitcher while he is asleep, but the Marksman shoots the pillow from under his head and wakes him, so that he returns to the spring, refills his pitcher, and defeats the princess.

C. Suitor's tests: contest of heat and cold. The king in not yet willing to give the princess to the hero. He attempts to kill him and his companions in a heated iron chamber. The Coldmaker raises his cap and makes the room so cold that the food freezes.

D. Bag of gold carried off. Next the king orders a huge sack made that will hold all the gold of the realm and orders the Strong Man on pain of death to carry it. To the consternation of the King he carried it away with ease.

E. Army blown away. The king sends a regiment of sol