Substituted heart. A chief whose son has tried to seduce his step-mother orders the boy killed. The servants substitute a dog's heart and permit the hero to escape.

A. Hero obtains magic help. On his travels the hero meets a man who offers to help him whenever he calls "Friend.”

B. Hero rescues chief's daughter. He finds a chief whose daughters are being devoured by a cannibal. The next day the chief is to give up his fourth and last daughter. The hero calls on his helper, and from him obtains a knife and a magic picture of a horse that will become a real horse when the picture is thrown on the ground. The hero defe's the cannibal by means of the knife and the horse. [Cf. Chapter I, incident C.] The hero refuses to take the chief's daughter in marriage as a reward, and leaves.

B (repeated). Hero rescues chief's daughters. He finds a chief whose two daughters have been stolen. He manages to find them and to take them across a lake in a boat furnished by his helper.

D. Hero cast overboard by impostors. On the way they meet some people of whom the girls are suspicious, and as a protection the girls give the hero tokens. The people cast a spell over the hero and steal the girls. They go to the girls' father, but the girls ask for a year [as in No. 1] before they marry the impostors.

E. Hero rescued from island. A fox helps the hero from the island where he takes refuge. As in the preceding version, the fox tows the hero to land.

F. Impostors detected. The hero hastens to the home of the girls' father and by means of the tokens exposes the impostors. G1. Happy ending. The hero marries one of the girls and gives one of them to his helper.

[This tale, though in some respects told with a native atmosphere, is in others thoroughly European. Carriages, harness, silk handkerchiefs, and all the surroundings of civilization make it incongruous in an Indian surrounding. The collector thinks that it was learned from the Hudson's Bay Company halfbreeds.]

Cheyenne: Kroeber, JAFL, xiii, 172.

A. Hero obtains magic objects. The hero, having decided to go to help a girl who is to be stolen from the camp, receives a magic book from an old woman. This he exchanges by a trick [as

in Nos. 1 and 6] with a giant for a magic sword. Later he makes a similar exchange with another giant.

B. Hero rescues princess. The hero rescues the girl from her doom by killing the old man and woman who have been left to guard her.

C. Witch's victims resuscitated. The hero resuscitates all the people who have been destroyed. He boils their skulls and thus brings them back to life.

D. Hero cast overboard by impostor. By means of his magic objects the hero provides for himself and the girl. At length her father and her brother, White Man, appear. The brother takes the hero fishing and pushes him overboard.

E. Impostor detected. The boy saves himself and later takes part in a contest for the hand of the heroine. The boy keeps tokens of his victory in the contest.

Unknown Knight. The girl recognizes the boy and comes to his tent. When White Man discovers this fact, he and the chief induce the tribe to go to the tent and defile it. When the chief must go to war, the hero asks for a horse. He is given a pig, but by means of his magic objects he provides himself with a white horse and wins the battle because of his gallantry. On the third day his horse is out on the buttock. In order to pose as the hero, White Man also cuts his horse. By means of the tokens, however, the hero exposes the cheat. [This entire incident belongs elsewhere: see Chapter IV, No. 12.]

H. Villian nemesis. White Man is thrown into the river and is eaten by fish.

5. Ojibwa: Radin, GSCan, ii, No. 37.

SO

Falling on Robbers. The hero hides in a tree. Soon a chief and his men camp under it. The hero lets fall a pail, which frightens the chief that he leaves behind his clothes. The hero masks in the chief's clothes and poses as chief until he is detected. [For this incident, cf. Chapter XIX, incident E.]

A. Hero obtains magic powers. Because of his kindness in dividing a carcass for a wolf, a raven, and a spider, the hero obtains the power of transforming himself to any of these animals. [Cf. Chapter I, Nos. 8 and 10.]

B. Hero rescues chief's daughters. A chief's daughter is

carried off by a monster.

By turning himself into a spider, the hero makes his way to the place where the girls are imprisoned. He kills the monster and rescues the girls. Soon one of the girls dies, and the hero marries the other.

D. Hero cast overboard by impostors. By order of the chief, two men cast the hero overboard.

E. Hero rescued from island.

The hero turns himself into

a spider and reaches an island. The raven helps him to the mainland.

F. (Impostor detected). The hero reaches the place where his wife lives, on the day when a dancing contest is being held for her hand. He wins the contest and remarries his wife.

H. Villain nemesis. He kills the chief who has tried to make way with him.

6. Kickapoo: Jones and Michelson, PAES, ix, 89.

This story begins with the tale of "The Enchanted Horse" [see Chapter IV, No. 11]. The incidents belonging in the present tale are:

A. Hero obtains magic objects. From his magic horse the hero obtains a hair that produces magic food. This he exchanges with a man for a cap which produces magic soldiers, and with the soldiers obtains the hair again. [See Nos. 1 and 4.]

F1. Humble disguise and marriage to princess. The hero comes to a town and assumes a mean disguise. The mayor's daughter falls in love with him, and marries him, much to her father's displeasure. [See No. 1.]

G. Magic castle. Although condemned to death by the mayor if they should return, the boy and the girl take heart. With the help of the magic horse, they build a magic house. The mayor sends soldiers to take possession of the magic food-producing hair, but by virtue of the cap the hero is always able to resist with a larger body of soldiers than the mayor can send.

H. Villain nemesis. The hero finally exposes the mayor as a target and causes him to be shot.

[In spite of the Indian atmosphere into which the narrator has thrown this story, it is purely European.]

There can be no reasonable doubt of the French ori

gin of the last four stories treated (Chapters XI, XII, XIII, and XIV).

XV. THE ANIMAL BROTHERS.

In the Micmac version of the story here treated, a fusion is made of two very closely related European tales. In European tradition they have been often combined. For a discussion of them see Bolte und Polívka, ii, 198, and Tonnelat, Les contes des freres Grimm, (1912), p. 37.

EUROPEAN VERSIONS.

1. German: Grimm, 82a. [See Bolte und Polívka, ii, 190 for text.]

A. Spendthrift king sells daughters. A king spends all his fortune. One day, threatened by a bear, he promises the bear his daughter in marriage in return for safety and a sum of money. The same thing happens with an eagle and a whale.

B. Animal brothers-in-law. The animals take off the girls. The bear becomes a prince every seven days, the eagle every seven weeks, and the whale every seven months. A brother of the princesses, born after their leaving, goes in search for them and visits them.

C. Magic objects from animal brother-in-law. On leaving his sisters, the boy receives from his bear brother-in-law three hairs, from the eagle three feathers, and from the whale three scales. These he can use to call on them for help.

D. Defeat of monster with external soul by help of animal brothers-in-law. The hero finds a castle guarded by a bull. He calls on the bear, who kills the bull. From the bull flies a bird, which the eagle kills. From the bird drops an egg, which falls into the sea. It is recovered by the whale. Inside it is a key

to the castle.

E. Disenchantment of princess and brothers. The hero enters the castle, where he disenchants a sleeping princess. By the same act he removes the spell from his animal brothers-in-law.

2. German: Grimm, No. 197.

B. Animal brothers. An enchantress turns two of her sons into an eagle and a whale. The third son fears the same fate and goes in search of them.

C1. Magic objects obtained by trickery. The hero acts as umpire for two giants who are quarreling over a magic hat. He takes the hat and tells them to run a race to where he stands. He uses the hat to wish himself away at the castle of a princess he has heard of.

D. Defeat of monster with external soul by help of animal brothers. As in the preceding story. From the ox comes a bird and from the bird an egg. In the egg is a crystal ball.

E. Disenchantment of princess and brothers. By means of the ball the hero disenchants a princess in the castle and marries her. He also disenchants his animal brothers and renders his mother harmless.

AMERICAN INDIAN VERSION.

3. Micmac: Rand, No. 3.

A. Spendthrift king sells daughters. Exactly as in No. 1. B. Animal brothers-in-law. The animals take off the girls. The brother born later goes in search for them.

C1. Magic objects obtained by trickery. By a trick [as in No. 2] the hero obtains from three men who are quarrelling over them a coat of invisibility, shoes that carry the wearer like lightning, and a sword that will perform all that the owner desires.

C. Magic objects obtained from animal brothers-in-law. As in No. 1. The hero visits his animal brothers-in-law and receives a scale from the whale, a lock of wool from the ram, and a feather from the goose.

D. Defeat of monster with external soul by help of animal brothers-in-law. The hero comes to a place where an ogre carries off all the newly-married girls. He marries a princess, and she is soon stolen by the ogre. By putting on his coat of invisibility he finds the stolen women in a cave. He tells his wife to discover from the ogre where he keeps his soul. Following her directions, the hero finds the soul at a particular place in the sea, a chest surrounded by six other chests, each outside the other. He reaches the chest with the help of the whale, opens it with the help of the ram, and catches the soul with the help of the goose. The soul is