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splendid Ledger Building.-Anecdotes of Swain and Childs.-Political Hoax.
-"The Pen is mightier than the Sword."-The Ledger Almanac... Page 505
CHAPTER XXXII.
THE EXPRESS NEWSPAPER AND THE EXPRESS LINES.
-
The New York Express.-Willis Hall and James Brooks.-The European Cor-
respondent. The Man with the big Hat.—Erastus Brooks.-The Express
Lines. - Harnden, Adams, Dinsmore, and Sanford. — Importance of the Ex-
presses to Newspaper Publishers
....
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE.
517
Horace Greeley.-What he has done in Journalism.-The Daily Tribune.-The
Weekly Tribune. - Inducements to Subscribers. — Associated Ownership.-
Circulation and Advertisements.-The Isms of the Tribune.-Contests with the
Herald.-The Great Halifax Express.-The Atlantic Ocean Express.-The
Firm of Seward, Weed, and Greeley.-Its Dissolution.-Greeley before a Par-
liamentary Committee.—His Slap at the Herald.—The Kansas Question.—
"Just once."-What it costs to publish the Tribune.-Managing Editors.-In-
terviewing and its Advantages.-The Inititial Editors.-Greeley's Penmanship.
-Thirty Years in the Tribune.-Tour through the South.-Aspirations for the
Presidency.-Nomination for the White House.-Withdrawal from the Trib-
une.-Newspaper Almanacs..... 522
CHAPTER XXXIV.
ALL SORTS OF POLITICAL PAPERS.
The first Newspaper in Tennessee.-The Knoxville Whig.-Parson Brownlow
and Andrew Johnson.-The Albany Register.-The Plebeian, New Era, Morn-
ing News, Globe, and Aurora.-Slamm, Bang & Co.-The Republic.-Cheva-
lier Wikoff and Duff Green.-The Albany Atlas.-The War of the Roses.-
The Springfield Republican.—Samuel Bowles.-Arrest in New York.-Con-
troversy with David Dudley Field.—The first Journal in the Oil Regions. 574
CHAPTER XXXV.
CHEAP LITERATURE.
Novels made into News and sold by News-boys. - The Brother Jonathan and
New World. The Boston Notion.-Competition for the last Novel by the last
Steamer.-Dickens's American Notes and the Queen's Speech.-Effect of the
Copyright Law in Canada..
587
CHAPTER XXXVI.
NEWSPAPERS ON THE PACIFIC.
The Flumgudgeon Gazette, of Oregon. - Stevenson's Expedition. -Type and
Presses go with the Troops.—The Discovery of Gold.—Specimens sent to the
New York Herald.-Tremendous Gold Excitement.-How Newspapers in Cal-
ifornia originated.-Eastern Journals in the Mines. -How early News from
California was obtained.-The Present.-The Future... 590
CHAPTER XXXVII.
THE TELEGRAPHIC ERA.
Carrier Pigeons
Various Modes of transmitting Intelligence for Newspapers.
and Balloons.-Introduction of the Telegraph.-Its Struggles.-Opinion of a
Wall-Street Millionaire.—Nomination of Silas Wright.-Influence of the Tel-
egraph on the Press.-Curious Prediction of Lamartine.-The Battles in Mex-
ico. Marvelous Progress.-The Battles in Europe. - Affairs of the World
Contents.
xi
daily Electrotyped for the Journalist. Balloons as News and Mail Carriers
from Paris.-The Lightning Express Lines... . . . Page 595
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
THE NEW YORK ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Its Origin.-Its Necessity.-Its Object.—Its Operations.-War with the Tele-
graph Companies.-Attempt at Monopoly.-Lease of the Newfoundland Line.
-Intercepting Steamers off Halifax and Cape Race.-Will the Association be
a permanent Institution ?.. 608
CHAPTER XXXIX.
THE NEW YORK TIMES.
How it originated.-Negotiations on the Ice.-The Tilsit Raft of the Times.-
Henry J. Raymond its Editor.-His Ability as a Reporter.-His early Career
in Politics. Why he was called "Little Villain" by Horace Greeley.—Trouble
with James Watson Webb.-Threatened Duel with Thomas Francis Meagher.
-Sharp Controversy with Archbishop Hughes.-The Elbows of the Mincio.-
The Draft Riots.-Fortifying Newspaper Offices.—Manners in Journalism.—
Sudden Death of Mr. Raymond.-Henry Ward Beecher's Eulogy.-The new
Management of the Times.-George Jones.-The Gold Speculations of 1869.
-John Bigelow.-The War on the Tammany Ring.-Its great and important
Result.. 618
CHAPTER XL.
THE NEW YORK LEDGER.
Its Origin. Its first Name.-Curious Names of Papers.-Why Bonner bought
the Ledger.-How he brought it into Notice.-Mrs. Sigourney the first Con-
tributor.-Who writes for the Ledger?-Bonner's Advertisements.-How he
managed the Herald.-His System.-Anxiety of his Pastor.-Novels by Tele-
graph.-Interesting Incident.-Correspondence with General Grant and Henry
Ward Beecher.-His Horses.-His Country Seat and the Fever and Ague.—
The Circulation of the Ledger... 646
CHAPTER XLI.
THE PRESS CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS.
Origin of the Press Club of New York.-Kossuth's Reception and Speech.-The
Dickens Banquet.-Speeches of Greeley, Dickens, Raymond, Curtis, and Haw-
ley. The Press Social Associations in the Country. What they do. - No
Connection with the News Associations..... 656
CHAPTER XLII.
THE NEW YORK WORLD.
How it was Started.-Its religious Character.-Two hundred thousand Dollars
lost in the Enterprise.-Its Change of Base.-Its Union with the Courier and
Enquirer.-The Bogus Proclamation.-Suspension of the World by the Gov-
ernment. Its Reappearance and Manifesto. - Repudiation of Seymour and
Blair. The Literary Character of the Paper.-Its Enterprise.-Manton Mar-
ble, its Editor... 667
CHAPTER XLIII.
THE NEW YORK SUN.
Its modern Character.-Its Sale to Charles A. Dana and Associates. It is no
longer a Penny Paper. - Who is Editor Dana?- His Connection with the
Tribune.-Assistant Secretary of War.-Editor of the Chicago Republican.—
Editor of the New York Sun.-Trouble with John Russell Young.—Circula-
tion of the Sun. - Its Platform.—Marriages, Divorces, Births, and Deaths.—
Summoned before Congress..... .. Page 677
Their Failure in the United States and Success in Europe.-The Cause.-Wit
and Humor here and elsewhere.-Mark Twain on Artemus Ward.-Interview
with Petroleum V. Nasby.-What one Humorist says of another.-Abundance
of Wit in America...
688
CHAPTER XLV.
THE PRESS IN CONGRESS.
Journalists in the Senate and House of Representatives.-Newspaper Represent-
atives in the national Capital.—The two Congresses.-Editors as M. C.'s, Cor-
respondents, and Reporters... 697
CHAPTER XLVI.
THE ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPERS.
News pictorially reported and described.—Wood-engraving in the United States.
-Harper's Family Bible.-The first Illustrated Newspapers.-Frank Leslie's
Illustrated News, Harper's Weekly, and Harper's Bazar. —Sinclair's Photo-
Zinco.—The new Art.—Exchange of Engravings.—Our National Gallery. 705
CHAPTER XLVII.
THE TRANSIENT PRESS.
Newspapers in the Army and Navy.-Newspapers in Colleges.-The Schools of
Journalism.-Newspapers with the Troops in the Field.-Amateur Journalism.
-The Avant Coureurs of America...
710
CHAPTER XLVIII.
THE WAR CORRESPONDENTS.
What have they accomplished?- Their Labors and Dangers.-Their Capture
and Imprisonment.-Journalists in Action.-What is thought of them.—They
are the Historians of the great Conflicts of the World.-The Rebellion.-The
Abyssinian Expedition.-The Franco-German War.-The Search for Living-
stone..
CHAPTER XLIX.
THE REPORTERS OF THE PRESS.
715
Their early Struggles in reporting Speeches and Debates.-The Revolution.-
Value of Reports.-Number of Reporters......
CHAPTER L.
THE COPYRIGHT IN NEWS.
720
What Protection has a Newspaper with its News?-Colonel Thomas H. Benton's
Lecture.-Weekly Papers entered at the Office of the Librarian.-The Pro-
posed International Copyright Treaty of 1853.- Important Lawsuits. - The
real Copyright in News.-What is it ?-The new Copyright Treaty....
CHAPTER LI.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
723
The first Advertisement.-Annual Value of a Column of Advertisements.-The
professional Advertisement Writer.-Various Modes of Advertisements.—Pla-
cards on the Face of Nature.-Curious Advertisements.-The Spread of Relig-
ion by Advertisements.— The Philosophy of the Business.—The Advertising
Agencies.-Their Expansion....
728
xiii
CHAPTER LII.
THE MOTTOES OF THE PRESS.
Are they the Editors' Platforms of Principles ?-Specimen Mottoes.-The Pope's
Motto for Journalists...
.. Page 738
CHAPTER LIII.
THE LAW OF LIBEL.
Trials and Responsibilities of the Press.—What is the Law of Libel ?—Interest-
ing and instructive Cases.-The editorial Right to criticise.-The Suits of J.
Fenimore Cooper, Charles Reade, and George Augustus Sala.-The Russian
Law.-Eating his own Words.-The Emperor of Germany and the Press.―
The Organic Law of the United States..
CHAPTER LIV.
THE CASH VALUE OF NEWSPAPERS.
741
Values in the United States.-Sale of the Bulletin in Philadelphia at Public Auc-
tion.-Offers for the New York Herald and Times.-Millionaires in Newspa-
pers and Dry Goods.....
758
CHAPTER LV.
THE DUELS OF EDITORS.
Assaults and Assassinations.-The Code of Honor among Journalists.-Several
extraordinary Duels.-State of Feeling at the South since the Rebellion.. 761
CHAPTER LVI.
THE END.
Statistics of the Press in the United States.-Our Progress.-Newspapers a Half
Century old.-Number of Periodicals in the World.-The Future..
769
ADDENDA.
Horace Greeley's Return to the Tribune after the Presidential Election of No-
vember, 1872.-His Death.—The new Editor of the New Orleans Picayune.—
Change in the Form of the St. Louis Republican....
777