land. March, 1777. RICHARD ELLIOTT. JOHN HARRIS. then he began to be careless about pay day; his ac- thing but his long ears and the owner's head are visible, he is brought to the city, where the rider sells to one and another until his load is gone. mule-back, one on each side of the animal. They Long sticks of timber are brought to market on are crossed and lashed two together on the saddle; the lower ends drag on the ground behind, and sweep the whole street. 69. ECLIPSE, (Harris's) was bred by the late Col. I asked the constable for a sight of the execution, VITIATED ATMOSPHERE FROM VEGETATION. Baylor, a beautiful bay, 15 hands 3 inches high, ri- and he showed it to me. It was issued by young As the spring advances, and vegetation puts on sing six years old; was got by Old Fearnought; his squire Bell, and I could not but recollect how differ- its attractive garb, it may be proper to caution our dam, an imported mare, by Shakespeare, in Eng Young Bell was a poor boy-commenced this life geraniums and other ornamental green house plants, ent was the history of this man to that of Timothy. readers against the too general custom of allowing with nothing but health and a trade-but he adopt- to vegetate in confined rooms in dwelling-houses. ed as a sacred maxim, 'pay as you go?' and he fre- The process of vegetation destroys the purity of the quently told me, he found little difficulty in sticking air in a remarkable degree, by absorbing the oxyto his text. The necessaries of life are few, and in-gen of the atmosphere, and giving out this refuse dustry secures them to every man; it is the elegan-carbon, or fecule of the plant to the surrounding cies of life that empty the purse-the knick knacks air. The odoriferous plants, though agreeable to of fashion-the gratification of pride, and the indul- the olfactory nerves, are even more deleterious gence of luxury, that makes a man poor. To guard than any others, from the gaseous carbon evolved against these some resolution was necessary; and in the form of aroma. Apartments in which any this resolution is much strengthened and guarded kind of plants are allowed, ought, therefore, to be by the habit of paying for every article we buy at constantly ventilated, both for the purpose of respithe time. If we do so, we shall seldom purchase ration, and for the health of the plants. 70. BADGER, a beautiful grey, and high bred horse, 15 hands high; was got by Borphinis, a son of Babraham, who was got by Godolphin Arabian. Badger's dam was got by the famous Black and all Black; his grandam by Flying Childers. Northampton county, N. C., Feb. 1777. (To be continued.) ALLEN JONES. MISCELLANEOUS. DEBT AND CREDIT. what our circumstances will not afford. This was exactly the manner in which Jack Bell and supported by reason, became second nature. His proceeded. Habit, strengthened by long continuance, business prospered; his old purse became filled with Spanish dollars; all his purchases being made for cash, were favorable, and by always knowing how he stood with the world he avoided all derangement in his affairs. He is now the squire of a village, with good property, a profitable business, and the respect of all who know him. [Northern Star. I dislike the whole matter of debt and creditfrom my heart I dislike it; and think the man who first invented a ledger, should be hung in effigy, with his invention tied to his feet, that his neck might support him and his works together. My reasons for thus sweeping at the whole system is, not that I believe it totally useless, but that I believe it does more mischief than good, produces more trouble than accommodation, and destroys more fortunes than it creates honesty. These opinions are not of a recent date with me; they are those upon which I set out in early life, and as I grew An ingenious expedient was devised to save a priolder I became more and more confirmed in soner charged with robbery in the criminal court at them, not that I changed my practice while I held Dublin. The principal thing that appeared in evifast my professions and got my fingers burned at dence against him was a confession, alledged to last by trusting my name in a day book. Nor did have been made by him at the police office, and do this because I could not see the evil effects of taken down in writing by a peace officer. The credit around me in every shape and form. document purporting to contain this self criminating acknowledgment, was produced by the officer, and the following passage was read from it: I WANT OF A POINT, A NICE POINT. "Mangan said he never robbed but twice This it will be observed, has no mark of the writer's "Mangan said he never robbed but twice: And a visit to my old friend Timothy Coulter, "Mangan said he never robbed: But twice said it was Crawford,'" EXPANSIVE FORCE OF STEAM. [Verulam gular nature, which strongly illustrates the power- INSECT LABOURS. There are buildings by animals far inferior to man in the scale of creation, many times more vast, of proportion, than his mightiest labours. The cube in one of the African ant-hills is five times larger portion to their size. These (Sweetman says) they than that of the great Pyramids of Egypt, in procomplete in four or five years; and thus their activity and industry as much surpass those of man, as St. Paul's Cathedral does the hut of an fndian. These ants are again exceeded by the coral insect of the South Seas, that raises islands out of depth■ almost unfathomable-what lessons for human pride and human power! THE APE. An ape, which Blumenbach observed for more than a year together, would manage the wood for a stove, and put it in with as much judgment and This interpretation had its effect on the jury, and economy as a cookmaid. He was very fond of the LOADING HAY IN CHILI. A writer in the Christian Spectator, who has fire, like all apes, and would at times singe himself, came SHEEP. For the best fine woolled Ram, For the best pair of Southdown Ewes, For the best pair of Ewes, do. do. DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES. For the best piece of Carpeting, not less For the best piece of Shirting, of any mate- For the best and handsomest 10-4 woollen yield not less than 30 bushels per acre, $10 00 For the second best do. do. acre, For the best 5 contiguous acres of Rye, yield HORSES AND MARES. do. do. For the best pair cotton Hose, full size, For the second best, do. do. For the second best 10 00 10 00 For the best pair thread Hose, For the sample of the best Cider, pure juice BUTTER. For the specimen of the best fresh Butter, 10 00 LIVE STOCK. Gentlemen farmers who wish to improve their stock, can be furnished with the following kinds, viz.-Two fine Bulls, of four and five years old each, together with a number of Calves, male and female, of the full blood Coke Devons. Also, a few Lambs, male and female, descended from 8 00 my late imported Saxon sheep, all warranted pure, and the best of their kinds. To save trouble, the price of the Bulls will be $100 each; and of the Calves and 5 00 Lambs $50 each. WM. PATTERSON. TOBACCO.--Scrubs, $3.00 a 6.00-ordinary, 2.00 a 9.00 -red, 3.00 a 5.00-fine red, 5.00 a 7.00-wrapping, 6.00 a 10.00-Ohio ordinary, 3.00 a 4.00-good red spangled, 5.00 a 6.00-yellow, 6.00 a 9.00-fine yellow, 10.00 a 20.00 Virginia, 2.50 a 8.00-Rapahannock 2.75 a 8.50 10 00 Kentucky, 3.00 a 5.00. 10 00 For the best thorough bred Stallion, pedigree FLOUR-white wheat family, $6.00 a 6.50-superfine Howard-st. 4.75 a 4.874; city mills, 4.50; Susquehanna, 4.371 a 4.50-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.50-GRAIN, best red wheat.85 a .90-best white wheat, .95 a 1.00-ordinary to good, .80 a .85--CORN, .34 a .35-RYE, .50-Oats, 20 a .22-BEANS, .90 a 1.10-PEAS, .40 a. .50-CLOVER SEED, 3.50 a 3.75-TIMOTHY, 1.50 a 2.25-Orchard GRASS SEED, 2.25 a 3-Herd's 1.00 a 1.50-Lucerne 974 .50 pr. lb.-BARLEY, .60a62-FLAXSEED,.75 a.80-COTTON, Va. .8 a.94-Lou. .13 a .14-Alabama, .11.12Mississippi. 10 a.13-N. Car..9 a.101-Geo. .9 a. 10John S. Skinner, James Carroll, Jr., and Samuel WHISKEY, in hhds. 1st proof, 21 a .214—bbls. 224 a 23— WOOL, Com., unwashed, .15 a. 16-washed, .18 a .20-3 W. Smith, were appointed said committee. Adjourned to meet on Thursday, 24th July, at ton, $220-Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-waterquarter, .25 a 30-full do. .30 a .35-HEMP, Russia, 10 00 Dallton, the residence of Doctor Allen Thomas. rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. 5.75; do. trimmed, 6.50-North Carolina, No. 1, 6.25 At Orange Farm, two miles from Baltimore, maya 6.50-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.87 a 8.00; No. 2, 2.25 be seen a pump worked by a small pointer dog.-a 2.50-Mackerel, No. 1, 6.50; No. 2, 6.25; No. 3, 5.00-This pump is more than fifty feet in length, and the working of it was heretofore the fatiguing labour of two men. To the dog it is mere play. He, at his pleasure, either walks, trots, or lies down.When only walking, there is a sufficient discharge of water for all the purposes of a dairy. The water never ceases to flow, but during the very short intervals, when the dog may be lying down. From its thus flowing, it has become very cold and sweet; 1500 and it is thence believed, that the water of most Extracts from the Manual on the Culture and Manufac pumps would be thus greatly improved. The principal benefit, however, held out to the late bloom-Culture of Olives in the South-New Fa ture of Silk, with remarks and notes--Fruit Trees in community from this apparatus, is that every farm-mily Spinner and Cotton Carder-Education of Feer may have, at the most convenient place, near his house, a dairy as complete as if he had a good spring on the identical spot. The water from the pump, 1500 will, indeed, be more abundant, and generally much 10 00 colder than water from a spring. 10 00 10 00 For the best Brood Mare adapted to slow draught, AGRICULTURE. ON CLIMATE. JOHN S. SKINNER, Esq. the salubrity of the air, and the fertility of the ground; bia with what it is round the sea of Asoph, on the *At non, quâ Scythiæ gentes, Mæoticaque unda, I have read carefully the 7th letter of Agricola, which you had the kindness to put into my hands. This letter headed "On Climate," contains numeThe changes which are effected on the face of the rous quotations in proof of an amelioration of cli- globe by the plastic hand of human application purmate from the removal of forests. It is singular, sued through a succession of ages and generations, are that the writings of the Abbe Rosier have been so much more wonderful than we are apt to imagine. little noticed in either Europe or America. That able An old settled country, smiling in all its richness and writer in his Cours d'Agriculture, has demonstrated, verdure of corn fields and meadows, has very little Georgics. Book iii. line 349. that as far as the climate of France is concerned, the resemblance to its original state either in its geograseasons have become more severe. In order to place phical features, or in its climate. The Hercynian He proceeds in the same passage to describe their this controversy on grounds which are tenable, I forest, which reached from the source of the Danube manners and habits, and they will be found much herewith remit you a copy of a lecture I have fre- along its left bank to an immeasurable and unknown more akin to those of the Esquimax than to the Euquently given on the general subject of climate. It distance, traversing the whole of Germany till it ropean nations now occupying that delightful tract. is true of climate, as of any other object of science, touched the Euxine, and then starting off and plung-"They live, he says, in caves dug deep in the ground, to judge soundly of it, you must collect and compare ing into the wilds of Siberia, has not left one trace of and clothe their bodies with skins and furs. They the elements. Whether I have been successful in its limits except on the page of history; and the Ar- catch the deer, not with hounds let loose, nor with convincing others, I cannot say; but I have fully sa- denne, which in the time of Augustus embraced toils and nets, but sinking in the yielding snow and tisfied myself, and I see I am borne out by so great a France like a girdle, has been entirely cut down, incapable of escape. Their garments stiffen on their name as Baron Humboldt, that if any changes have with the exception of a few remaining patches at backs, and the icicles hang from their beards; even been made on the climates of the earth, within the Thionville; and the ground, which both oversha- the wine, which they drink, is distributed in frozen scope of history, they have been made on the side dowed, is now thickly studded with chateaus, ham- masses, and cut with their hatchets." Those, who are of increased cold; but in reality, it appears to me lets and cities. I shall not, therefore, be able more curious and versed in Latin, may consult Cæsar's from all the data I have ever been able to collect, effectually to fulfil the promise made last week, of Commentaries; and a crowd of facts, incidentally that no great permanent changes of atmospheric tem- demonstrating that the state of cultivation material- mentioned by that historian, will be found to coroperature are possible. As to the ancient Roman wri-ly affects climate, than by appealing to history to borate the previous accounts. In his second expeters, their testimony on this subject, when duly prove, that in Europe and Asia, a mighty alteration dition to Britain, he stopped in the midst of his conweighed, really determines but little. Coming from has been produced since the first authentic account quests, that he might reimbark his army, and return the mild and temperate climate of Italy, into the of these countries. If we shall find on examination, to Gaul before the autumnal equinox; so much dreadnorthern provinces of Gaul and Germany, it was na- that in those regions lying within the 40th and 50th ed was the approach of winter, and so hazardous the tural for them to regard the winters as severe, as in- degrees of north latitude, winter reigned with a sevenavigation, though at that early season of the year. deed they remain to be so in modern times. With rity now totally unknown, that fruits and plants in At another time, when he attacked the Helvii, he in the last 300 years, the Baltic has been traversed these days grow abundantly where they would not crossed the mountains of Cevennes, in the south of frequently by armies. In 1709, the Gulf of Venice thrive 2000 years ago, we shall establish, beyond all France, which were covered with six feet of snow was frozen; and in 1762, the olive trees were destroy-controversy, the influence of cultivation upon cli- and esteemed impassable. His appearance before ed along the Mediterranean coast of France. the enemy was quite unexpected, as they always Your paper appears to be a most suitable vehicle thought themselves safe from invasion during the to convey auch viowe w cut puviic: and should the depths of winter."(A.) paper I have transmitted meet your approbation, I hope to follow it by another containing an historical view of meteorology. [The following chapter on Climate, is from the able letters of Agricola, on the principles of vegetation and tillage, written for Nova Scotia, by John Young, Esq. the Sir John Sinclair o that Province.] mate. Ilerodotus the father of history, informs us, that on the north shores of the Black Sea, and round the ancient Palus Mæotis, the duration of winter was "But this is not all.-Climate is determined no less by the vegetable and animal productions, which are found in it, than by the unequivocal testimony of history. Columella, in the reign of Claudian, is the first writer, who speaks of the culture of the vine in Gaul; and he infers from this and other facts, that the climate of those days was ameliorating. "I find that it is the conviction of many valuable writers," says he, "that the state of the atmosphere changes in a series of years: for Saserna, in those books which he has left us upon agriculture, concludes that the atmosphere has undergone some change, because certain districts which formerly were incapable of producing vines and olives on account of the severity of the winter, now begin to yield abun dance of wine and oil, from the climate having be come milder and warmer." Diodorus Siculus and Tacitus agree that the intensity of congelation in Pannonia and Thrace, in Gaul and Germany, was such as to render doubtful the culture of vines and olives, and any kind of fruit trees; and that to preserve them during winter, they covered up their roots with dung--a precaution now totally useless in the three first countries, and only practised in the northern parts of the last. for eight months, during which the ground was entirely buried in snow; and that all the countries beyond this line were accounted uninhabitable. Ovid, who was banished to the banks of the Euxine, describes the severity of the weather as insupportable; and distinctly states, that he crossed the Black Sea upon the ice, and that he saw oxen and carriages Man in his individual apacity, is a weak and frequently passing-a circumstance, which we would evanescent being. The efects of his power are con- esteem fabulous, were it not confirmed by other fined to the small portion of matter on which he acts: concurrent facts and testimonies. The ancient hisand the physical laws of ae universe are beyond his torians unite in asserting, that all the lakes, marshes control. Such is his febleness in fact, when con- and rivers of Gaul, Germany, Thrace and Dacia trasted with their might operations, that he seems were every winter frozen over to a great depth and rather subjected to thir agency, than capable of presented a firm footing to the hordes of barbarians ruling or directing thet. Viewed in his collective on which to rush down and pillage the southern capacity, his power wells into importance, and provinces. Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, P. Mela, Secauses effects, which while they astonish the ima- neca, Pliny the naturalist, Herodian and Justin are gination, gratify his anity; and in nothing are they unanimous in delineating these countries as of horso apparent as in hihaving cleared and embellish-rid feature, and under the dominion of ice and snow ed the earth, that h might render it the source of the greater half of the year. Their accounts are so his subsistence, theplace of his residence, and the inapplicable to these now fair regions of the earth theatre of his gly. On it he has levelled the that had they not specified the rivers and seas by mountains, and fed up the vallies, he has subdued name, we would have been mistrustful, and supposed the wilderness, al tamed its savage inhabitants; he them engaged in the description of the inhospitable bas constructed anals, aqueducts and bridges; he climate of Lapland or Siberia. Virgil is so distinct has piled up e pyramid and pointed the obelisk; on this head, and is, besides, an author in every bohe has rearedonasteries, villages and cities; and dy's hands, that it may be only necessary, in order although he ld not resist and struggle against the to avoid all parade of Greek and Latin quotations, laws of theaterial world, he has rendered them to rest the facts upon his simple attestation. He is subservient his use. Indeed, without his presid-contrasting the shepherd life on the plains of Ly-nations, where flow the waters of the Palus Mæotis, or ing indus" these laws are apt to run riot, and waste the elves in a useless and cumbersome pro fusion. er, till. he trees of the forest thicken and embowe face of day is hidden from his sight; the brables and shrubs entwine on the surface, ent to him an almost impervious barrier; the heers stagnate in marshes, at once destroying o. 16.-Vol. 10. and Ardenne was a common name expressive of a forest among the ancient Celta, but the largest and most widely extended, retained it by way of distinction. The one alluded to in the text has impressed this name on its site to the present day: and was so vast as to range for 500 miles across the country of Gaul. The animals too, which inhabited these parallels during the period now under review, clearly prove, not only the uncultivated state of the country, but *"But not so is the climate, where dwell the Scythian the turbid Danube whiling along his yellow sands, or where Rhodope bends round stretched under the Polar axle. There the herds remain shut up in their stalls; for there are no herbs on the plain, nor leaves on the trees. The earth without form lies buried under a heap of ice and snow, which rise to the height of seven ells. There reign always winter and the north winds breathing frosts." other things appertaining to the concerns of the society as may be deemed requisite. the severity of the climate. The Elk, the Buffalo and AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF MARYLAND. the Unicorn, were found in the Hercynian forest, and some are of opinion that the Reindeer frequent[It may be noted, as a matter of the agricultural ART. 12. There shall annually, on the first Moned this illimitable wilderness. Pausanias the geo-history of Maryland, that as far back as the 10th of day in October, and the first Monday in May, be a grapher expressly states, that in Thrace there were January, 1811, a society was formed, and the shew of cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, for sale or white bears and swine even in his day-animals "CONSTITUTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF for inspection, to be continued as many days in sucwhich have now abandoned all the warmer climates MARYLAND" was agreed upon. From that constitu- cession as may be thought necessary, not exceed of Europe, and retreated into the desolate and icy tion the following extracts are taken.] ing three days. Any person not a member, may wastes of the arctic circle. These collected facts We, the subscribers, agree to associate ourselves bring cattle, horses, hogs or sheep for sale, or inand concurrent testimonies will bear us out in the under the style and title of "The Agricultural So-spection, to any general meeting, under such reguconclusion, that the whole country from Spain to ciety of Maryland." lations as may be provided for by by-laws. India lying between the 40th and 50th parallels were 'The objects of our association are-the promo- [The following names are appended to the conabout 2000 years ago nearly in the same situation tion of agriculture, the improvement of stock, and with respect to climate as the corresponding places generally to amend the system of farming; by the How are in North America. (B.) adaption of such culture, and raising and maintainA. ing such animals, as the nature of the soil and the situation of the place are best fitted to receive, and most likely to yield benefit to the individual, and utility to the public. It may well be questioned whether writers on so grave a subject as the climate of a new country, should quote and rely on mere poetic description, as recorded facts. It is time that the true value of stitution.] Richard Caton, William Cole, Car- Joseph Sterett, R. C. Tilghman, C. Ridgely of Hampton, Thomas Johnson, Samuel Sterett, Henry Thompson, To attain this end, we adopt the following artiMark Pringle, facts in inductive reasoning, should be felt. In re- cles as a constitution for our rule and government: Charles Carroll of spect to the statements in Caesar's Commentaries, viz. rollton, ARTICLE 1. A meeting shall be held by the sub-Robt. Sinclair, they are to be depended upon as facts, as far as they go, but amount to no more, than that the win-scribers, on the first Monday in September next, at N. C. Carroll, ter when the event transpired, was one of those very the house of Mrs. Miller, in the Village of Gotham, severe seasons, which may be found recorded in to organize and put in motion this Association:Rees' Cyclopedia, article frost, and of which the and there shall be a regular meeting of the society HOW TO PROCURE ANIMALS OF EITHER following are a few examples. at the same place on the first Monday in October A. D. 508. Rivers in Britain frozen two months.next, and annually thereafter, on the first Monday 558. Danube frozen. in May, and the first Monday in October, at such 695. Thames frozen six weeks-booths place or places, as may from time to time be agreed built on it. upon. 759, 827, 859, 908, 923, 987, 998, were all remarkable in Europe for intense frosts, and in 1035, a destructive frost occurred on June 24th. ART. 2. The society shall consist of practical farmers, residing in Baltimore, Harford, Frederick and Anne Arundel counties, and of honorary members, 1063, 1076, 1205, 1407, 1434, 1645, 1683,|living out of these counties. All honorary memwere all severe seasons, and in 1709, the Baltic, bers shall be on the same footing as to rights and Adriatic and Bosphorous, were frozen. Since 1709, privileges with the members of the county; exceptthe winters of 1715, 1739, 1742, 1747, 1754, 1760,ing that they shall not vote on any question touch1762, 1776, 1779-80, 1795, and some others, were ing this constitution. intensely severe. B. How far the possibility exists or ever did exist, of the climates of such a range as that from Spain to ter. India, ever assimilating among themselves, will be seen by a careful perusal of the geographical sketch I have sent for publication. ART. 5. No member not having paid the price of his admission, or his annual contribution, shall be entitled to vote on any question. SEX. "M. Garou de Buzareingues published, in 1825, some experiments relative to the reproduction of various domestic animals, more particularly of sheep. In a late number of Magendie's Journal, he has resumed this subject, and has related the result of some experiments made with two separate flocks of sheep. In addition to these, there are many observations on the same subject applied to mares and cows; but the most important relate to sheep. "A flock of sheep was divided into two equal portions, and a smaller or greater number of male ART. 4. Every member of this society shall pay or fomula lucha ware to be produced, at the will ten dollars on being admitted, and ten dollars annu of the proprietor, in each of these. The plaa ally, on the first Monday in every October thereaf-adopted in order to insure this result, was to employ very young rams in that division of the flock from which it was desired to obtain females; and strong and vigorous rams, of four or five years of age, in that from whch males were to be procured. The first division was also recommended to have a more abundant supply of food, and more repose than usual, during the period of impregnation. The following table will show the effect of the first experiment. Sex of the Lambs. Males. Females. The writer of these quotations ought to have been ART. 6. Any member may withdraw from the soput on his guard in respect to the inferences he has ciety on paying the contributions become due, and drawn, from the subsequent extract from Columella, on his giving in his resignation by letter, addressed who it appears had precisely similar ideas on meteor- to the president, at any general meeting in May or ological melioration, about 1800 years ago, and no October. And any member may be expelled for doubt with just about as good evidence of correct-gross behaviour, or improper conduct, by a vote in favour of the measure, of four-fifths of all members belonging to the society; who, on this question may vote by letter, or by proxy; provided expulsion be proposed at any general meeting, immediately preceding the one, at which the question be taken. ness. Age of the Mothers, 325 14 26 9 years, 16 29 4 years, 5 21 8 ART. 7. The concerns of the society shall be If we for a moment discard systems and resort to faets, it becomes demonstrable, that most of those assumptions respecting change of climate are formed from very inadequate elements. To set out right is a pre-requisite in any attempt at obtaining the object of our researches, and in that respect, Agricola in his notices of climate, seems to have acted on He adduces differsound philosophical principles. ence of level, and exposure as the general cause of difference of climate along the same latitude, and so far a firm base was laid for rational theory. but yielding to a fond wish, great atmospheric revolutions ART. 10. The treasurer shall receive all money are supposed to have taken place where the permanent objects in nature have remained without change. arising to the society, and pay such sums under the It has appeared to me that the cheerless aspect of an order of the president, as may at any general meet- of 106 sheep was divided into two tions of fortyuncultivated country, has been the most fertile ing be appropriated by a vote of the society. He two each, one containing the stroest ewes, of source of that opinion of melioration from cultiva- shall enter into a bond with security for one thou-four or five years of age; the secon consisting of tion. A country covered with houses, cleared fields, sand dollars, for the surety of the money deposited the weakest, either less than four more than open roads, and other marks of civilized life, has a with him. five years old: the first section was tended to tendency to fill the mind with sensations of pleasure. ART. 11. The secretary shall collect all money produce a greater number of females in the seIn brief I indulge the hope the evidence I have col- arising to the society, and pay it to the treasurer; cond; and after having been marked, an laced in lected and remitted for the Farmer, will have the he shall have in his keeping all papers; he shall a good pasturage, four rams, of about months good effect of at least turning the minds of the rea- keep a book of records, and books of accounts; he old, were turned into them. The otheection der, to more careful attention to the general pheno-shall attend to the execution of the resolves and by- received two strong rams, each aged methan mena of climate, not merely in any one, but over all laws of the society, and under the authority of the three years. The remainder of the flock, king WILLIAM DARBY. president, carry on such correspondence, or do such up the number of 106, belonged to the sherds; Countries. "Another experiment is thus lated:-A flock cond. they are generally stronger and better nourished separated from the trunk. It is owing to this prin- First section, Second section, Third section, Males. 15 Females. 26 14 10 12 There were four double births; two of which, in the first section, produced, . The two others, belonging to the second and third sections produced, .. 3 1 "It is to be remarked, that the lambs proceeding from the section in which the young rams were employed, were in all respects as fine as those begotten by the older and stronger rams. SANDY SOILS. Continue to plant out different sorts of lettuces at a foot or fifteen inches from each other. Plant them in small shallow drills, to preserve the moisture longer; and water them well at planting. If your melons are advanced to full growth, give them but little water, as much moisture will retain the ripening, and prevent their acquiring that rich flavour peculiar to this fruit. If they are ripe gather them in the morning. Mature ripeness is sometimes shewn by the fruit cracking at the base round the stalk, or by changing yellowish, and im Radishes may be sowed for an autumn crop to draw next month. Gather ripe seed in dry weather, when at full maturity, and beginning to harden. Cut up or detach the stalks with the seed thereon, and place them on a spot where the sun has the greatest power for a week or two. Then beat, or rub out the small seeds on cloths, spread them in the sun to harden; then cleanse them and put them by for use. The proper method to correct the too great open-parting a fragrant odour. ness of sandy soils, is to mix them with clay, which is the most tenacious of all soils, and as an earth is compounded of alumina and silex, besides being generally found mixed with various constituent parts, both fossil and mineral, which causes it to abound in the food necessary almost to all plants Where clay hills or bottoms therefore are contigu"In connexion with this part of the subject, we ous to sandy soils, the remedy is at hand, and it find, in another part of the communication a remark ought to be liberally carted on the surface, well and of some importance. In 1825, twenty ewes, which judiciously mixed, and ploughed deep in; for by had not borne for two years, received the rams that means an artificial tenacious soil is formed, and clandestinely in the beginning of winter; they were deposited at a proper depth, to arrest the moisture, almost all of them remarkably fat; they produced and the essential parts of vegetable and animal matsixteen females and four males. Among the num-ter within reach of the roots of plants. Where clay ber of these ewes were two old ones, which had cannot be conveniently obtained, sometimes lime J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. been put up to fatten in 1824, but could not be sold may, which answers a very good purpose in some because they were not in sufficiently good condi- soils. tion: these gave one male and one female. "M. Garou next carries his inquiries to_the_reproductive power in the mare and cow. Respecting the first of these, he observes, that, wishing to obtain more female than male colts, he fed his brood mares on fresh food; that he chose for propagation only such as had not been foaled or even nourished by the mother the preceding year; and he did not give them the stallion until they gave evident signs of being in heat. Five mares, so chosen, produced five female colts; and, by follow- is the case, the ground should be cleared and dry ing the same method, out of thirteen colts foaled for succeeding ones, or for some general autumn and that year, eleven were females; and one of the two winter crops, as turnips, cabbages, savoys, brocoli, males was the product of an old mare. He remarks, cauliflowers, celery, endive, &c. &c. that some mares of a remarkably vigorous appetite always bring forth females; whilst those of delicate health have constantly produced males. The same remarks apply to the cow."-Lond. Med. and Phys. Jour. February, 1828. The business of sowing and planting this month will be more successful if done in moist or showery weather, or or the approach of rain, or immediately after; especially for small seeds, and young seeding plants. Old crops of artichokes now advancing in full fruit should be divested of some of the small side heads, to encourage the principal top heads in at taining a larger magnitude. Now is the time to gather aromatic herbs for drying and distilling, &c. as spear-mint, peppermint, balm, penny-royal, camomile flowers, lavender-flowers, sage, hyssop, marjoram, fennel, dill, basil, tarragon, angelica, marigold flowers, sweetmarjoram, &c, most of which, when just coming into flower, are in the best perfection for gathering. The fennel, dill, and angelica, should remain till they are in seed. Plants, like animals, are produced by ordinary generation; and though we meet with various instances of production by the generation of buds and bulbs, or of slips and offsets, the parallelism, instead of being hereby diminished, is only drawn the closer: for we meet with just as many instances of the same varieties of propagation among animals Thus the hydra, or polype, as it is more generally called, the asterias, and several species of the leech, as the hirude viridis, for example, are uniformly Plant the last crops of beans, for late production propagated by lateral sections, or pullulating slips in autumn. Let them be principally of the smaller or offsetts; while almost every genus of zoophytic kind, as they are most successful in late planting, worms is only capable of increase by buds, bulbs, putting in a fow at two or three different times in or layers; and some of these animals, like the the month; and also some larger kinds, to have the house-leek and various grasses, by spontaneous se-greater chance of success and variety; and in all of paration. In effect, most of the kinds now referred which, if dry weather, soak the beans in soft water, to, whether animals or vegetables, may be regard-six or eight hours, then plant them, and water the ed less as sirgle individuals than as assemblages or ground along the rows. congeries o' individuals; for in most of them every Earth up celery plants, to blanch; also the stems part exists distinctly of every other part, and is of- of young cabbages, savoys, brocoli, bore cole, beans, ten a minature of the general form. The various pease, kidney-beans, &c. to strengthen their growth. branches of a tree offer a perfect animal. In the Sow the principal late crops of kidney-beans, of latter every distinct part contributes to a perfect the dwarf kinds, for autumn supply; and some more whole. The arm of a man has no heart, no lungs, for latter successional production in September, &c. no stonach; but the branch of a tree has a com- sow them all in drills, two feet or two feet and a plete system of organs to itself, and is hence capa-half distance; and if the weather is very hot and ble is many cases of existing by itself, and produ- dry, either soak the beans, or water the drills well cing buds, layers, and other kinds of offspring, when before you sow them. (For the American Farmer.) ARRACACHA. Linnæan Botanic Garden, May 22, 1828. Dear Sir: I sent you a short time since, a most interesting dissertation on the culture and qualities of the Arracacha of South America, published by a society in the Island of Janaica: you will therein perceive it stated, that there are several varieties of the Arracacha, cultivated in the vicinity of Bogota: and it may be interesting to the public to know, that two of the finest varieties are now under culture at my establishment,where they flourish with little care, and which for the present I designate as the Red and the Green from the general aspect of their folirishing plants, the period cannot be far distant, when age, &c. As I have at present above 30 fine flouthey will be so extensively increased in our country, as to form an article useful in domestic economy, more particularly from the circumstance of the climate of our southern states being so suitable for their development. Yours, most respectfully, WM. PRINCE. Transactions of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of Jamaica. SOME ACCOUNT OF THE ARRACACHA, WITH A DESCRIP TION OF ITS BOTANICAL CHARACTERS. By Edward Nathaniel Bancroft, M. D. Read on the 20th of July, 1825. Kingston, 13th June, 1825. It is about forty years since the Arracacha was made known in Europe as a valuable esculent vegetable in general use in Santa Fe de Bogota, and in the adjoining Provinces: and it is now twenty years since the public attention was called to it in England by the account which Senor Vargas gave of it in Koenig's and Sim's Annals of Botany, in which he described it as being very superior to the Potatoe in flavour, in usefulness, and in the quantity of produce, and expressed his belief that it might be advantageously cultivated in Europe. Since the latter statement, various individuals in that quarter of the globe have been endeavouring to procure the Arracacha from New Grenada, among whom, as I learn, was the late distinguished President of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Banks. But such were the obstacles which war and other causes opposed to this object, that even Sir Joseph failed, whose name alone might have seemed sufficient to ensure success to any such undertaking. Having learnt the impor tance attached to this plant, I was at length, in 1821, enabled to avail myself of the kind disposition of a gentleman of the highest respectability, Don Francisco Urquinaosa, then about to return to Bogota |