who readily promised to send me plants of it thence, Arracacha. Some other resemblances with other in the same ship with William Penn, in the year and in the following year punctually kept his word, genera of Umbelliferous plants, accompanied, how-1682, came from London, Richard Townsend; he by sending me a box containing twelve shoots, of ever, with more numerous differences, may readily was a famous quaker preacher, religiously conwhich three perished on the voyage, and three be found; but as these cannot be satisfactorily de- cerned to cultivate the friendship and better the here on being transplanted. Despairing of their tected without studiously comparing the characters condition of the native Indians; in which concern succeeding in the heat of this city, I placed proper to Arracacha with those of the genera in reports have said that he devoted much time in them in charge of a very intelligent planter in question, for which the present is not a fit occasion, it travelling. For the history of the original apple St. David's Mountain, Mr. Henry Burger, and is hoped that the examples already noticed may for tree, I have had it traditionally, from the family under his fostering care the remaining six throve the moment suffice. In the persuasion however, that of Richard Townsend's descendants, who were perfectly, so that I was enabled in the following whenever such comparison shall be made, it will deemed a family of first rate respectability. year to send young plants of the Arracacha to the lead to the conclusion to which I have been forced, Stephen Townsend, (grandson of Richard) was Horticultural Society of London, and to his Majes-which is, that the Arracacha ought to constitute a an elderly and amiable man in my time, and owner ty's Garden at Kew, &c. as well as to distribute new genus. I shall now endeavour to describe its cha-of the apple tree. I have heard him relate that others to various friends in different parishes through racters, as collected from close examinations of its his grandfather had been informed by the Indians, whose attention this vegetable may now, I trust, be fructification, first suggesting that the genus, if it that back in the country was a great apple tree, considered as being extensively and well established should be admitted by competent judges, might be where abundance of Indians, collected in the seain this island. It is not for me to speak of the va- named Arracacia, as being the nearest approach to son to live on apples-that with Indian guides he lue of the Arracacha, as an esculent; this will be the name by which it has been known in its native undertook the journey through the wilderness, to best shown in the course of time. In taste it appears country as well as in Europe, and free at the same pay them a religious visit. When he came there, to me nearly to resemble a mixture of the Parsnip time from barbarous dissonance. he was surprised to see so many Indians. There and Potatoe. I am aware that not a few of those The generic characters are as follows, viz:— was a spring of good water near by, and an apple who have tasted it but once have not liked it; yet I The Umbel is compound; the universal Umbel tree in an Indian clearing, vastly larger than any believe that those who have liked it even on the first has many spokes, and either no involucre, or one of he had ever seen in England, heavily loaded with trial, are quite as numerous. For my own part, Ia single leaf, and sometimes of two, never of more; larger and better apples than he had ever seen am inclined to think that the taste for it may the partial Umbels have also many spokes but their before-that his ideas were to take up a tract of rather be deemed an acquired one, having found involucres are formed of from three to eight leaves, land there for his descendants, provided the Indians with several persons, that its relish improved going half way round towards the outside. would sell him what was called their good will, or upon subsequent trials. As the root requires a The general blossom is uniform; most of the flo- claim to their clearings, which was then customary longer application of heat than the vegetables in rets, particularly in the centre are barren. The in- to give, to support their friendship; to that they common use, a part of the distaste which it has ex-dividuals have a calyx of five teeth, but indistinct; agreed, (as to the soil) but no consideration would perienced may have been caused by insufficient five petals, equal, ovate-acuminate, entire, curved purchase their apple tree.-That they strictly redressing. At all events a vegetable, which has, for inwards and bridled on the inside. The stamens served to be as free as sunshine to all or any who so many ages, been the constant and favorite food are longer than the petals and styles, and have five wanted apples. That part of the contract, the 'Townof a considerable portion of South America, in pre-awl-shaped filaments bearing anthers nearly spheri- send family ever faithfully observed; and Stephen ference even to the Potatoe which is there indige-cal, divided by a deep groove, and furnished with a Townsend did more, he supported a strong fence nous, ought not to be thought undeserving of a fair pointed appendix behind the insertion of the fila-round it to keep cattle from the falling apples, and trial in the way of cultivation in Jamaica. ment. The germ is inferior, bearing two styles de- used to haul and throw his buck-wheat straw under When the Arracacha here had arrived at maturi-clining slightly, tipped with simple stigmas. the tree, to keep such as fell high from splitting. ty, I was anxious to ascertain its botanical charac- The fruit is oblong, compressed, with five naked The apples were very large and flat, or a yelters, as I could not learn that they had ever been ribs on each side, crowned with the calyx and the low colour, striped, and speckled with red, of a rich made known, even in its native country, and as much styles, and divisible into two parts, connected by two delicious flavour neither very sweet nor sour; genecuriosity about them had been felt in Europe. It filiform vertical axles (spermapodia) and consists rally esteemed to this day, in preference to any manifestly belonged to the natural order of the of two similar seeds applied against each other, ob- other. I have a great plenty of them in my orchUmbelliferæ; but after very frequent and minute ex-long, flat on the inner surface, marked on the con-ard; but I think they are depreciated in size, say aminations of the flowers in all their stages, and care- vex side with five prominent ribs, and furnished one third; but not lost their former delicious flaful comparisons of their appearances with the cha with several lines of sap vessels (vittæ) on the inter-vour, or luxuriant growth of limbs and abundant racters assigned to the different genera which that mediate spaces (vallecula) and with a fascia in the order contains, it seemed to be equally clear that, inner groove or commissure. It is now some months upwards of sixty years, although it agreed in a few points with several of From the above characters, I conceive that the since I cut grafts off the original tree, and set them those genera, and more particularly with Apium and fellowing may properly be selected to form the es- in young trees, from which grafts were brought here. with Ligusticum, yet it disagreed with each in ma-sential characters of the genus Arracacia, and I beg I never measured the tree, and shall forbear menny others, so that there was no one genus in that ex-permission to propose them accordingly, viz: tioning my ideas of the size or quantity of apples that tensive natural order, as described in any of the Bo- General involucre, rarely of more than one leaf, I have seen under it, lest I may be thought extravatanical works to which I have had access, with whose or none. Partial involucre going half way round, gant. I well remember being there when very young, characters the Arracacha could with propriety be of three to eight leaves. Most of the florets barren. and a company of the better informed old men were deemed to agree sufficiently to allow of its being Petals equal, bent inwards, bridled. Fruit oblong, viewing it, and hearing them say, that according to classed under it. In Apium, for instance, the gene-compressed, five-ribbed on each side. Seeds alike, the growth of trees, that apple tree must be much oldral involucre is either none, or of one or two leaves; notched at base, with four multivittated vallecules, er than Columbus. the calyx is indistinct; the general blossoms is uni and the commissure fasciated. These characters From whence the seed of that apple tree, or when form; the petals are equal, bent inwards, and keeled may be thus expressed in Latin: the Indians cleared a field round it, is in the dark or bridled on the inside; the fruit is divisible into Arracacia-Char. Essent. Involucrum univer- unknown; it stood on a poor thin gravelly soil, and two, and, by my own careful and repeated observa-sale submonophyllum aut nullum, partiale tri-octo- verifies the maxim, that temperance promotes long tion with magnifiers, &c. it is also five ribbed on phyllum, sublaterale. Flosculi plurimi steriles, co- life. Thirty-six, or eight years ago, I heard that each side; and in all these respects Arracacha cor-rolla petalis æqualibus, incurvis, frænatis. Fructus venerable tree was fast declining. I wrote to a conresponds with Apium; but, in the latter, the partial oblongus, compressus, quinquecostatus utrinque.fidential friend of mine, (near byy that if it died or involucre is similar to the general one--the florets Semina conformis, basi emarginata, valleculis qua- fell down, to saw it off and count is growth, for the are almost all fertile, the petals circular, the styles tuor multivittatis, commissura fasciatia. reflected, and the fruit eggshaped; whereas, in Arracacha, the partial involucre consists of from three to eight leaves, the florets are in a large proportion barren, the petals are ovate-acuminate, the styles continue nearly erect, declining slightly outwards, and the fruit is oblong and compressed. Ligusti- To show that they are natives of Pennsylvania, cum again bas the fruit oblong, and the petals turned inwards and kneeled on the inside, and in these respects resembles Arracacha; but it has the fruit angular besides, and with five furrows on each side, a general involucre of seven leaves, the florets all fertile, and the styles approaching, in each of which respects, as we have just seen, it differs from (To be concluded in our next.) (From the New England Farmer.) HISTORY OF THE APPLE TREE, not other parts of the United States. if I shall begin with the original Indian apple tree that grew within three miles of the spot of my nativity, say thirty-four miles a little east of north from Philadelphia, called the Townsend apple, from the following circumstance. See Robert Round's History, vol. 1, p. 228, that bearing. age. His answer was, it turned up by the roots; that they sawed it off and found it so holbw, rotten, and inwardly defective, that nothing could be done to es tablish the age. Another native apple tree, I may mention, I have heard the oldest people of my rememorance, say, that it was the practice whenever there was what they called a new comer, for the neighbours to unite, go, and make him what they called a beginning; that was, grub and clear a small piece of ground-put up a little log-house, and cover it with bark,&c. There came a man from England, whose name was George Hayworth; his tract was within two miles of where I was born. I have heard somevery old men say they were at that first grubbing; that analogy still further; for on examining the spathe, common straw bee-hive. A ring is fixed on the top It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, whence Townsend tree; also hollow and rotten. Dr. Darwin says, "grafting is the elongation of the same trees." I have the consolation of having reelongated two species of original American apple, independent of any seed or affinity with any European apple whatever: and perhaps I may be the only person that has preserved them, as I brought those grafts from the place of my nativity. They have had a general mortality amongst their apple RURAL ECONOMY. BEES. D. Description and Use of Dyer's Retrocoupling Bee- These boxes were invented by a shoemaker of a 0 h a එ h k J. S. SKINNER, Esq. June 1, 1828. The strelitzia regina is one of the most curious productions of vegetable nature, and of all plants most requires an examination to comprehend the singularity of its formation. The contour of the plant at once indicates its fondness of moisture-the foot-stalk of the leaf rises from the surface of the ground to the height of three feet or more, and terminates by extending itself into a size and form not unlike the common water lily (nuphar advena) of our ponds and water courses, with this exception, that the leaves are not so fully expanded as if intended to form a channel for conveying to the root, the rain and dew which lodge on them. The flowers are borne at the extremity of strong shoots that also rise from the ground, and are contained in a Dyer's hive consists of two deal boxes of exactly spathe or covering, which embraces several distinct the same size (a), outside height 10 in., breadth 11 flowers, from which they escape singly. They are in. in every way, inside exactly square. The top formed of but two petals (which when fully expand- front and two sides should be an inch thick, the ed are in an erect position, and a protruding nec- back half an inch. The back (b) has an opening tary) the former are of a splendid orange colour; at top (c), and another at bottom (d), for the bees the latter of a blue not less brilliant. Frequently to communicate with the other box (e), which is two or three of the flowers are expanded and in exactly of the same dimensions, only without the perfection at the same time; and the contrast of the upper opening of communication in the back, but two gayest colours, thus formed by nature, is truly with an entrance for the bees there. The boxes unique. are held together by three iron staples (g), one on The spathe that contains the flowers rests upon the top, and one on each side, and each box has a the supporting stalk in an horizontal manner, and pane of glass, covered with a sliding shutter (h,) opens longitudinally at the top for their escape, pre- for the purpose of observing the bees when at work; senting an appearance, which at once strikes the four cross sticks may be put in each box in the beholder as similar to the gay tuft that crowns the usual manner for the attachment of the combs. heads of some eastern birds. In fact, it requires The contents of each box are about 24 gals, so but little stretch of the imagination to carry the that the two together (a, e) are about the size of a of the board. When only one box has been used, and it is desired to add a second, remove this board, and thrust in a sheet of tin (1) between this and the box to prevent the bees from coming out. Then place the back of the empty box close against the sheet of tin, withdraw the tin, and make fast the two boxes with the three staples; then stopping the doorway of the full box, turn both round, so that the full one may stand where the empty one stood before. The reason why the boxes ought to stand upon a thin board that is moveable, is because the bees will fasten the board to the boxes with a strong cement, so that whenever you lift the boxes you will lift up the board likewise. If it be a very large swarm when put in, both the boxes may be used at first; if not, one will be sufficient. In a good season for honey the backward box will be cemented to the board in about two months from its first establishment, and when so it is a proper time to take the backward box away. In proceeding to do this, in the first place draw out the staples, and with a thin knife cut through the cement that fastens the boxes together, and to the box on which they stand. Then thurst in your piece of tin between the boxes, so that not one bee may pass from one box to the other. Let them stand quite separated full half an hour, and then inspect them at the glass windows; if the bees are in a great hurry and confusion in the back box and quiet in the other, you are so far right, and the queen is in safety; but if otherwise, the operation has not been successfully performed; the tin must be drawn back again, and the boxes made fast as before, letting them stand nine or ten days longer, before you make any attempt to take it away again. But, if the operation has been successfully performed, open the door of the back box to let the queen's prisoners come forth; for the hurry and confusion of the bees is owing to their having lost their sovereign. The bees let loose at the back door will come forth in great haste, forty or fifty taking wing at a time, in a kind of wild flutter, quite different from the appearance they have when going to labour. No sooner do they see their fellows at the front door quiet at work, but they enter boldly, as usual. Now, if this operation be performed about midsummer, the bees will fill another box, which you must immediately join to the other as before; but, if later in the season, and you take only the half-filled box, then join the loose board, and leave the bees with only one box. Observe always when a fresh box is given to stop the door of the full one, and turn the boxes so that the empty one may stand in front, for they will fill the backward one with honey first; besides, the young are always deposited quite near the front. It is needless to state that, by the use of these boxes, there can never be any occasion to kill the bees, and that in a fine season much more honey may be obtained than from the common straw hive. I shall conclude by noticing an opinion which I consider erroneous, though believed by many, viz. that any place may be overstocked with bees as well as with cattle. From long experience I well know that, if there were but one stock of bees in a large parish, and the season proved unfavourable, they would be poor, on the other hand, if there were one hundred colonies in a small village, and the season good, all the swarms that came in proper time would be rich. Honey and wax, taken where the bees are suffocated with fire and brimstone, are of a quality much inferior to those obtained by the other mode. This practice, which may be truly called diabolical, and must have been taken from the idea of the infernal regions, need never be resorted to by those who will adopt Dyer's bee-boxes, or the Pasieka, and, trust, the progressive refinement of the age will C. H. JESSOP. soon lead to so desirable a result. I INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. NAVIGATION INLAND-THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. supposable width, and afterwards dredge the mud LADIES' DEPARTMENT. THE MAIDEN'S ROCK ON THE MISSISSIPPI, A TALE-From Long's Second Expedition. "There was a time," our guide said, as we passed near the base of the rock, "when this spot, which Like all original projects, ridicule will no doubt you now admire for its untenanted beauties, was the be the first reward of a design to deepen the chan-scene of one of the most melancholy transactions, nel of our greatest river, but convinced, I am, that that has ever occurred among the Indians. There ships of any draught will, long before fifty years, be was, in the village of Keoxa, in the tribe of Wapanavigated to and from New Orleans. sha, during the time that his father lived, and ruled With such an improvement in our inland naviga- over them, a young Indian female whose name was tion, even the canal over the Isthmus of Delaware Winona, which signifies "the first born." She had and Chesapeake cannot be compared. Geographi-conceived an attachment for a young hunter who cally, the Mississppi basin extends from No. lat. 29 reciprocated it; they had frequently met, and agreed to 51°, and from 26 min. to 36° west from Wash- to an union in which all their hopes centered, but on It is something singular, that amid the various ington City, forming an immense navigable triangle. applying to her family, the hunter was surprised to projects of internal improvement, the greatest has The base of this vast figure from the sources of the find himself denied, and his claims superceded by been neglected-scarcely noticed-that is to deep- Allegany to those of Maria's river, 1700 miles; those of a warrior of distinction, who had sued for her. en the bar of the Mississippi. At the first glance from the sources of Maria's river to the mouth of The warrior was a general favorite with the nation;he of such a proposal it would appear a very imprac- the Misssissippi itself, 1600 miles; and 1600 miles had acquired a name, by the services which he had ticable project, but W. Darby measured the passes from the mouth of the Mississippi to the sources of the rendered to his village when attacked by the Chipand sounded all the bars of the outlet of that migh- Allegany. Such, however, is the irregularity of its pewas; yet notwithstanding all the ardour with which ty stream in 1813, and the following observations outline, from entering and salient angles, that it is on- he pressed his suit, and the countenance which he are founded on said measurement. Besides, three ly from the rhumbs on a good map, that its area can received from her parents and brothers, Winona or four of little consequence, the Mississippi has be estimated with any approximation to exactness. persisted in preferring the hunter. To the usual four main passes or outlets; these are, the west Measured in this manner, the basin of the Missis- commendations of her friends in favour of the warpass with about eight feet water; the south-west sippi amounts to 1,341,649 square miles. Of such rior, she had made choice of a man, who, being a pass with twelve feet water; south pass with eight an extent, the two valleys of Ohio, and of Missis-professed hunter, would spend his life with her, and feet, and the south-east, or main pass with twelve sippi properly 400,000 square miles, of a most pro- secure to her comfort and subsistence, while the feet water. These depths are given at ordinary ductive soil, on which population is advancing warrior would be constantly absent, intent upon tides. It may, however, be observed, that the tides with unprecedented rapidity. martial exploits. Winona's expostulations were, in the gulf of Mexico are small, not exceeding, if however, of no avail; and her parents having sucuninfluenced by winds, two and a half feet. ceeded in driving away her lover, began to use harsh measures in order to compel her to unite with the man of their choice. To all her entreaties, that she should not be forced into an union so repugnant to her feelings, but rather be allowed to live a single life, they turned a deaf ear. Winona, had at all times enjoyed a greater share in the affections of her family, and she had been indulged more than is usual with females among Indians. Being a favorite with her brothers, they expressed a wish that her consent to this union should be obtained by persuasive means, rather than that she should be compelled to it against her inclination. With a view to remove some of her objections, they took means to provide for her future maintenance, and presented to the warrior all that in their simple mode of living an ludian might covet. About that time a party was formed to ascend from the village to Lake Pepin, in order to lay in a store of the blue clay which is found upon its banks, and which is used by the Indians as a pigment. Winona and her friends were of the The facts of the Mississippi overflowing its banks company. It was on the very day that they visited at extreme high water, and in having outlets so far the lake, that her brothers offered their presents to as that of the Atchafalaya from the ultimate recipi- the warrior. Encouraged by these, he again adI have made these preliminary remarks, in order ent, have led to the erroneous opinion that the main dressed her, but with the same ill success. Vexed to prepare the reader for what is to follow. I made volume could desert its bed. The general depth of at what they deemed an unjustifiable obstinacy on the survey already mentioned, by order of Gen. the Mississippi I have given, and have also observed her part, her parents remonstrated in strong lanJames Wilkinson, and one object of the work was that the depth very gradually lessens below La guage, and even used threats to compel her into to ascertain whether a battery could be erected, Fourche; but the depth given was that of the water obedience-"Well," said Winona, "you will drive from which point blank shot could be thrown into itself at the lowest stage, and not that of the river's me to despair; I said I loved him not. I could not live the main pass. The performance of the task con- bed below the high bank. At Bringiers, fourteen with him. I wished to remain a maiden; but you vinced me fully, of the practicability, utility and ne- miles below the La Fourche, and one hundred and will not let me. You say you love me; that you are cessity of a double work; a work which would en- eighty miles above the main pass, the bed of the my father, my brothers, my relations, yet you have able the government of the United States to deepen Mississippi was carefully measured by Mr. Louis driven from me the only man with whom I wished the channel and defend its entrance. Though ap- Bringier and myself, and found to be one hundred to be united; you have compelled him to withdraw parently so very difficult, the buildings at Kronin- and thirty-one English feet. The particular place from the village; alone, he now ranges through stadt at the mouth of the Neva, the Eddystone where exists the greatest depth of this vast volume, the forest, with no one to assist him, none Lighthouse, and many more, were still more diffi- has, I believe, never been determined; but above the spread his blanket, none to build his lodge, none cult, dangerous and expensive in their execution. mouth of Red river it lessens, and at Natchez, is to wait upon him; yet he was the man of my choice. No soil could be possibly found better adapted to about seventy or eighty feet. The width, even as Is this your love? But even it appears that this the sinking and retention of piles. Quick-sand, high as the junction of the Mississippi and Missouri, is not enough; you would have me rejoice in his there is none; nor rock to arrest the point of the to the divergence of the passess about eight miles absence; you wish me to unite with another man, piles. It would, consequently, be very easy compa- above the main or south-east pass, where not swel with one whom I do not love, with one whom ratively to commence where the water was at any led by islands, is in a remarkable degree uniform, I never can be happy. Since this is your love, let given depth, and drive a double column of piles, not varying sensibly from half an English mile. it be so; but soon you will have neither daughter, leaving an intermediate space for a channnel of any (To be continued.) nor sister, nor relation to torment with your false It is to be hoped that the people, and the government of the United States will turn their attention Within the bars, and in all its course, the Missis- to a subject of improvement involving so few local, sippi is a very narrow stream in proportion to its but embracing universal interest, really not confined depth. As high as Donaldsonville, at the outlet of to the United States, but influencing, less or more, La Fourche, near 80 miles above New Orleans, the the whole commercial world. The Mississippi is, mid-channel, at the lowest stage, is upwards of 100 in fact, the most important stream, in the northern feet in depth. This great depth gradually lessens temperate zone of the earth, both in respect to to about seventy feet before New Orleans, but soil and superficies; and when peopled, as it will maintains soundings of upwards of thirty feet until be, by a most active, enterprising and free people, within one mile from the main bar. The influence must, within the current century, sustain the greatest also, of the great interiour inundation is less and physical and moral force ever united on a single river. less apparent approaching the outlets, where the Any and most unfounded errors prevail respectdifference of rise and fall from the latter cause is ing the natural history of this mighty river, but none so much calculated to produce undue influence very trivial. upon the projected improvement than its having frequently deserted its bed. To remove that, and many other misconceptions on the physical features of that world of waters, we now proceed to a brief sketch of the Delta, laying it down as a postulate: That the Mississippi can no more desert its bed, than can the Susquehannah, Delaware, Hudson, &c. The surface of the land, between the passes is as level as that of the ocean, rising only above low, and covered by high tides. The soil an alluvial admixture of sand and blue mud; forming, nevertheless, an extremely tenacious clay. The common idea that the component clay of the Mississippi yields easily to the action of water, is very unfounded in fact; on the contrary, few earths sustain aqueous action so powerfully. The current also of the river has entirely ceased before reaching the bars. to New Market stakes, 50 gs. each, 25 subscribers.can Consul at Tunis, and by him purchased for Serab beating 4 others. In 1825, at New Market Com Jacob Jones, of the United States navy, by Crane Meeting, the stakes 100 sovereigns, 7 sub-whom he was imported in the frigate Constitution. scribers.--Serab beating two others. In the same Previous to his importation he ran a trial race at year, Spring Meeting, Serab won Handicup sweep- Gibraltar, at the solicitation of the Governor, the stakes, 100 sovereigns, 6 subscribers--beating three Earl of Chatham, against one of his lordship's Engothers. In 1826, Serab won King's Plate, 100 gs.,lish blood horses. Although the Jones Arabian had beating 3 others. In 1827, at Stockton, Serab won but little preparatory training, was very young, and the gold cup, value 100 gs.--beating Cantine. just taken from on ship-board, it is admitted he professions of affection." As she uttered these words, she withdrew, and her parents, heedless of her complaints, decreed that that very day Winona should be united to the warrior. While all were engaged in busy preparations for the festival, she wound her way slowly to the top of the hill; when she had reached the summit, she called out with a loud voice to her friends below; she upbraided them for their cruelty to herself and her lover. "You," said she, "were not satisfied with opposing my union with the man whom I had chosen, you endeavoured by deceitful words to make me faithless to him, but when you found me resolved upon remaining single, you dared to threaten me, you knew me not if you thought that I could be terrified into obedience; you shall soon see how well I can defeat your designs," She then commenced singing her dirge, the light wind which blew at the time, wafted the words towards the spot where her friends were, they immediately rushed, some towards the summit of the hill to stop her, others to the foot of the precipice to receive her in their arms; while all, with tears in their eyes, entreated her to desist from her much importance, that there should be no misun-by the name of Flying Childers,) who was the spee fatal purpose; her father promised no compulsive As the season is late, it has been thought for the made an excellent race; manifesting fine speed, benefit of this section of the country, that it would wind and bottom. His importation is noticed in the be adviseable to put the price as low as possible-American Farmer; and also another communication accordingly these horses will stand at their stable is to be found in the 8th volume, respecting the near the MANSION HOUSE, for $25 half bred, and race. When it is known that the English blood $50 thorough bred mares, and $1 to be paid the horse derives his fine qualities from the Arabian, it groom. is scarcely necessary to advance any other argument in favour of this stock. DEAR SIR, SYMMES' WILDAIR. The English racing stock never acquired a very high character until it was crossed with the blood of sire of the Duke of Devonshire's Childers, (known the Leeds Arabian. The Darley Arabian was the the Darley Arabian, the Godolphin Arabian, and diest horse England ever produced, having ran measures should be resorted to. But she was renearly a mile a minute, or four miles in six minutes horses, I trouble you again on the subject. I was solved, and as she concluded the words of her song, and forty-eight seconds. The Godolphin Arabian she threw herself from the precipice, and fell a life-aware that the imported horse Wildair was not less corpse, near her distressed friends. "Thus," gotten by Fearnought, but by Cade, as you have was the sire of more good runners than any other added our guide, "has this spot acquired a melan-stated, and the latter by the Godolphin Arabian; there is not a race horse of any character, either stallion that ever covered in Great Britain: and choly celebrity; it is still called the Maiden's Rock, and that Mr. Bond was in error on that head. and no Indian passes near it, without involuntarily easting his eyes towards the giddy height, to contemplate the place, whence this unfortunate girl fell a victim to the cruelty of her relentless parents. SPORTING OLIO. IMPORTED HORSES. In confirmation of the opinion I have already in England or this country, that does not partake given, that Symmes' Wildair was gotten by Old of his blood. These Arabians were only fifteen Fearnaught, I refer you to the 8th vol. of the Ameri-hands high; and the Godolphin was distinguished, can Farmer, page 125, (No. 4, of the Annals of as the Jones Arabian is, by an uncommon forehand and a deep declining shoulder. the Turf), where you will find it to be thus stated, to wit, "Symmes' Wildair, out of a Jolly Roger, who proved to be the best son of Old Fearnought. Wildair got amongst many others Chanticleer, out of a Pantaloon mare. Chanticleer, the best son of Wildair, got Cornelia, the dam of Mr. Randolph's Gracchus, &c.." He was brought from the coast of Barbary, the very The Godolphin was the picture of a wild horse. country where the Jones Arabian was purchased, The most famous stallions of Great Britain and this country possess also a great portion of Arabian blood, and trace in their pedigrees Croft's Barb, Curwen's Barb, Honeywood's Arabian, the Pajet Turk, the Byerly Turk, the Burton Barb, Fenwick Barb, Woodstock Arabian, &c. Lindsey's White Ara If there were two American bred horses called "Symmes' Wildair," it is important to breeders that the fact should be clearly established. It is not stated that Wildair, alluded to in the advertise-bian, that was imported into this country many Two of the three valuable animals sent to this ment, over the signature of John Johns, which you and his blood is a favourite cross in the Southern Country, by Admiral Sir ISAAC COFFIN, will, for the present season, stand at Brighton. They are Dow young; and at three years old, BAREFOOT was sold in England, for over $12,000-SERAB, at the same age, for over $14,000. published in the last number of the Farmer, was years ago, was undoubtedly a stallion of great worth, race horse. Bussorah, the sorrel Arabian, imported into New York a few years ago, is the sire of some colts which have performed well on the turf and sold for high prices. 1 agree with you that it is worse than folly to give the same name to several horses, for the motive, not unfrequently, is to give an undeserved The JONES ARABIAN has stood for mares but a few character and value to a horse, and thereby prac-seasons in Cecil and Kent counties, Maryland, with tice a deception upon a purchaser and upon the THE JONES ARABIAN. J. distinguished reputation and success. Some thorough bred mares are in foal to him. His oldest colts are but two years old this spring, and (although their dams are not large) are distinguished for size, as well as beauty of form. BAREFOOT-foaled in 1820. Got by Tramp, Damn, Rosamond, by Buzzard, out of Roseberry, community. sister to Huley and Tartar, by Phenomenon, out of I am, dear sir, most respectfully, Miss West, by Matchem-Regulus-Crab-Chil-J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Yours, ders-Basto. In 1822, when at Pontefract Sweepstakes of 20 gs. each, for two year olds-11 subs. Barefoot beating Harpooner. In 1823, York Spring It is well known that most of the famous turf horses St. Ledger of 25 gs. each, 6 subs.-Barefoot beating This beautiful imported stallion will stand for have rarely exceeded 15 and 154 hands high. It has four others. At Pontefract Sweepstakes of 30 gui mares the ensuing season at Aughenbaugh's tavern, also been remarked that the horses of the present nes each 10 ft., 10 subscribers.-Barefoot beating Main street, in the borough of Carlisle, (Cumber-day, although higher, are not able to carry as heavy Palatine. In 1823, the Doncaster Great St. Leg-land county;) and at the stable back of Brady's ta- weights, nor run as good races as those animals ers, of 25 gs. each, 80 subs.-Barefoot beating 11 vern, sign of the Pennsylvania Arms, corner of Mar- which figured on the turf after the revolution, and others. In 1823, at New Market, Barefoot won a ket and Pine streets, Harrisburg, (Dauphin county;) were more closely related to the Arabian stock. Handicup Plate, value 150-beating Tressilian and at the rate of eight dollars the single leap, payable The Medley stock, descended from the little grey 5 others. In 1824, at Ascot Heath, Barefoot walked in cash; fifteen dollars the season, payable at its horse, Gimcrack, who was not 15 hands high, (a over for the Swinlas stakes of 25 sovereigns each, expiration; and twenty dollars to insure a mare in grandson of the Godolphin) were able to run races S subs. In 1825, at Lancaster, the gold cup, value foal. Persons parting with insured mares, out of with heavier weights, and in as good, if not better 100 gs. added to a sweepstakes of 10 sovereigns, the above counties, before it is ascertained whether time, than perhaps any other that ever graced the 17 subs. of all ages.-Barefoot beating Lottery and they are in foal or not, will be held responsible for American turf. In consequence of the Arabians two others. In 1826, at Manchester, Handicup the insurance. He will stand one week at Carlisle, breeding in and in for centuries, that the blood of stakes of 30 sovereigns each, 10 ft. with 20 sove- and one week at Harrisburg, alternately. The seathe same family of horses may be preserved, their reigns added-6 subscribers.-Barefoot beating 2 son will commence at Carlisle on the first day of stock has deteriorated in point of stature; but whenothers. At Lancaster, the gold cup, value 100 gs., April, and terminate on the last day of June. ever it is crossed upon a new stock, the produce has added to a sweepstakes of 10 sovereigns each, 9 ever been distinguished for size, action, great subs.-Barefoot beating 2 others. strength, and excellence of conformation. April 1, 1828. The JONES ARABIAN is a dapple grey horse, eight years old this spring, 15 hands high, black SERAB-foaled in 1821. Got by Phantom, out of legs, main and tail, of fine temper, spirit and action. Jesse, by Totteridge, &c. Her Dam, Cracker, by In all the points which constitute the courser, he Highflyer, out of Nutcracker, by Matchem-Regu- admits of no superiour in this country. He was selus-Crab-Childers-Basto. In 1824, won the lected with great care by Major Stith, the Ameri WM. B. DONALDSON. If you were born a gentleman, take care to live and die like one. An experiment which I have often repeated upon light as well as tenacious soils with like success, demonstrates how greatly the colour of a soil influences the accumulation of heat. Coal ashes were sprinkled over half the surfaces of beds sown with peas, beans, &c. and on these the plants invariably appeared above ground two or three days earlier, obviously on account of the increased warmth; it being a well known fact, that dark coloured bodies absorb caloric more readily, and in larger proportions, than those of a lighter hue. FRENCH SOUPS AND SAUCES. A French cook is indebted for his delicious sauces, entirely to the produce of the kitchen garden. Ginger, Cayenne pepper, and the host of hot exotics, which in England render the palate a fiery furnace, are wholly excluded from French cookery. Wine oil, butter and bouillon, (stock) form the basis of all soups and gravies: which are flavoured with herbs from the garden. French cookery may therefore be pronounced extremely healthy, instead of the reverse, as is supposed in England. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, JULY 4, 1828. CULTIVATION OF THE VINE. Baltimore, June 21, 1828. At a meeting of a number of persons desirous of promoting the cultivation of the Grape, held at the residence of Mr. George Fitzhugh, Jr. in this city on Friday evening, 20th inst. Mr. John Montgomery was called to the ebair, and Dr. Richard G. Belt, was appointed Secretary. The object of the meeting being stated from the chair, it was, on motion, Resolved, That it is the unanimous opinion of the meeting, that the establishment of a society for the improvement and extension of the cultivation of the Vine in this state, will be highly promotive of many important objects. Resolved, That the chairman appoint a committee to prepare a system of rules for the government of said society, which shall be submitted for its approbation at the next meeting, which meeting shall be convened by advertisement in one or more papers in this city, notifying all persons who take an interest in promoting the objects of the society to attend. All the above articles will be sold on reasonable terms for cash. Communications by mail (post paid,) JONATHAN S. EASTMAN, No. 36 Pratt-st., opposite the United Hotel. BUCKWHEAT AND TURNIP SEED. IN STORE, Persons desirous of BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward I. Willson, Sales of tobacco the week past was very limited, and but little sought after. The inspections of the last week comprise 385 hhds. Maryland; 33 Ohio-Total, 418 hhds. Grain Cradles, Scythes, Rakes and Forks; patent and TOBACCO.--Scrubs, $3.00 a 6.00-ordinary, 2.00 a 8.00 common Wheat Fans, Cultivators, Ploughs, &c. They-red, 3.00 a 5.00-fine red, 5.00 a 7.00-wrapping, have also made arrangements to keep the Early May, or 6.00 a 10.00-Ohio ordinary, 3.00 a 4.00-good red span Rare ripe White Wheat for sale. procuring seed would do well to send in their orders in gled, 5.00 a 6.00-yellow, 6.00 a 9.00-fine yellow, 10.00 time.-Price $1 25 per bushel. 20.00-Virginia, 2.50 a 8.00-Rapahannock 2.75 a 3.50 Kentucky, 3.00 a 5.00. Baltimore, 1828. SINCLAIR & MOORE. a FLOUR-white wheat family, $6.00 a 6.50-superfine Howard-st. 4.621 a 4.75; city mills, 4.374 a 4.50; SusqueIMPROVED REFRIGERATOR, hanna, 4.37 a 4.50-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.50-GRAIN, best red wheat.85 a .90-best white wheat, .95 a 1.00-ordiOr portable Ice House, made only by Daniel Richardson, nary to good, .80a.85--CORN, .32 a .34-RYE, .50—OATS, No. 55, Holliday street, near Bath street bridge. 20 a .22-BEANS, .90 a 1.10-PEAS, .40 a .50-CLOVER Good Housewives only can calculate the many useful SEED, 3.50 a 3.75-TIMOTHY, 1.50 a 2.25-ORCHARD and economical purposes to which tnis Invention may GRASS SEED, 2.25 a 3-Herd's 1.00 a 1.50-Lucerne 374 be applied. It may be fully relied on for keeping But-.50 pr. lb.-BARLEY, .60 a 62-FLAXSEED,.75 a.80-Cor ter, Milk, Meat, Eggs, Fruits, Vegetables, Wines and TON, Va. .9 a.11-Lou. .13 a .14-Alabama, .11 a.12Liquors of every kind, or any other article of House- Mississippi .10 a .13-North Carolina, .10 a .11, very hold Consumption, perfectly cool, fresh, pure, sweet, dull the week past-Georgia, .9 a 10--WHISKEY, clean and free from taint as long as desirable, and it is in hhds. 1st proof, 21 a .211-bbls. 224 a 23--WOOL, attended with another advantage-complete security common, unwashed, .15 a 16-washed, .18 a .20-3 against every species of vermin. And in Winter it will quarter, .25 a .30-full do. .30 a .35-HEMP, Russia, keep any article from freezing that may be deposited ton, $220--Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-waterrotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. Also, his new Invented Butter Box, constructed on 5.75; do. trimmed, 6.50-North Carolina, No. 1, 6.25 the same principles of the Refrigerator. In these but- a 6.50—Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.871⁄2 a 3.00; No. 2, 2.25 ter boxes, any quantity of butter may be transported to a 2.50-Mackerel, No. 1,6.50; No. 2, 6.00; No. 3, 5.00market from any distance, by land or water in the best BACON, hams, Balt. cured, .10; do. Eastern Shore, 12condition, perfectly hard and without injury to the form hog round, cured, .8 a .9-Feathers, .26 a .28-Plas of the prints, in the hottest season. Captains of steam-ter Paris, cargo price per ton, $3.25; ground, 1.25 bbl. boats and vessels going to sea, will find those articles Some small parcels of new wheat, from the Eastern the most essential thing on board their vessels that His-Shore, have been brought to market; the quality of which tory ever gave an account of, as coarse alum salt can was rather inferior, and sold from 85 to 90 cts. be used in them to keep them cold instead of Ice. I in it. | MARKETING-Butter, per lb. .124 a 25; Eggs, dozen CERTIFICATE, City Hotel, Baltimore, August 4th, 1827..15; Potatoes, bush. $1.00; Chickens, doz. 2.50 a 3.00; have had in use for two years, a Refrigerator made Beef prime pieces, lb. .8 a.10; Veal, .S; Mutton, .64 a.7; by Mr. Daniel Richardson, which is the most useful ar- Pork, 4.50 a 5.00; Green Peas, per bush. .50 a.75; Radticle for the preservation of meats, milk and butter du- ishes, bunch, .2 a .3; Lettuce, large heads, .3 a 4; ring the hot season, that I have ever seen; it has fully young Ducks, per doz. 2.50 a 3.00; young Lambs, dres with it, that I have ordered one on a very large scale. hoof, 5.50 a 6.00; Sausages, per lb. .8 a.10; Gooseber answered my expectations, and I am so much pleased sed, 1.75 a 2.00; do. Pigs, do. .75 a 874; prime Beef on the I would recommend it to all who are desirous of such ries, do. .18 a.20; Currants, do. .12; Cherries, do. .10 a convenience. DAVID BARNUM. a.12; Raspberries, 183; Soft Crabs, doz. 1.00 a 1.50; Hard do. 12 a 182. Baltimore, August 1st, 1827.-I purchased of Mr. Da- GEO. BELTZHOOVER, HAY, per ton, $7.50 a 8.00; Rye Straw, 5.00; Cut Grass, per bundle, .10 a.124. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On Climate, from John Young, Esq's. Letters of Ag ricola, with notes by William Darby-Agricultural History of Maryland; extracts from the Constitution IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY. of the Maryland Agricultural Society formed in 1811How to procure Animals of either sex-The Generation The subscriber has on hand and offers for sale, a quan- of Plants and Animals-On Sandy Soils-Kitchen Gartity of superior Grain Cradles, manufactured by David den, July-Some account of the Arracacha, with a The following gentlemen were appointed a com- celebrated patent Scythe Rifles, all of which will be transactions of the Agricultural and Horticultural Little, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Also, Mr. Little's Description of its Botanical characters, from the mittee in pursuance of the above resolution-Doc-warranted good. Likewise on hand, a full assortment Society of Jamaica-History of the Apple Treetor John C. S. Monkur, Mr. Charles C. Harper, Mr. of Gideon Davis' Patent Ploughs, Barshare and Coulter Curious Plant, the Strelitzia Regina-Description and Henry W. Rogers, Mr. Philip Poultney and Mr. Ploughs, which he will warrant to be equal to any in use of Dyer's Bee-boxes, with engravings-NavigaGeorge Fitzhugh, Jr. the country. Steel lined and cast iron Cultivators, for tion Inland, the Mississippi River-The Maiden's Rock Resolved, That Dr. John C. S. Monkur be request the culture of corn and tobacco; Shovel and Substra- on the Mississippi, a Tale-Imported horses, Barefoot ed to permit the publication of his very interesting tum Ploughs and Harrows. Also, his patent Cylindri- and Serab-Symmes' Wildair-The Jones Arabianaddress to the meeting, and that the same be pub-its kind in any country; Brown's Vertical Wool Spin- Sauces-Cultivation of the Vine-Advertisements-cal Straw Cutter, which has never been equalled for Enormous Spider-Colour of Soils-French Soups and efficient in its operation; Corn Sheilers, Wheat Fans; ners, for family use, running six spindles, simple and patent spring Washing Machines; cast steel Axes, Mattocks, Grubbing Hoes and Picks, Shovels, Spades, &c. &c. And can furnish to his customers, Garden Seeds, raised by the Shakers of Berkshire county, Mass. lished in the American Farmer. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chairman and secretary, and published in the several papers of the city. JOHN MONTGOMERY, Chairman. RICHARD G. BELT, Secretary. Prices Current. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tor, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts. |