I. Raymond and Burleigh. The unexpected death of one of those fine animals may justly be considered a misfortune to our state; but we must indulge the hope that our expectations will be realiz ed by the services which will be rendered by the survivor, Burleigh, now the property of Mr. James Cuthbert, in improving the breed of our cattle. INDIAN CORN. attempting to prove the wisdom of this recommen- rolled or mixed, and some of the plaster in a dry all children; and of this the clergyman may be the dation. There are at present several excellent pri- form was also put into the ground with the seed. master, if his charge could admit the measure. vate classical schools in the city. The "South Ca- Equal parts of the field were planted without plasrolina Society," by establishing her two seminaries, ter, and adjoining those which were planted with. has done an act which will crown her with glory. I found the plaster made no difference whatever on 'The Medical College has already become an honour the corn and oats: the parts of the field planted to the city. The Charleston College is now rear-without grew just as well, and the product was ing again her head, and her trustees are making about the same. But there was a difference as to every exertion to make her not inferior to other col- the potatoes. The season had been very dry, and leges. They are aided in those exertions, by the I found that where the potatoes had been plastered learning and talents of a reverend gentleman of or coated with the plaster of Paris paste, they came high acquirements and worth, whom they have en-up about a week sooner than the potatoes planted gaged as Principal. Besides, they have erected, without the plaster. I was not at the gathering in and are now completing a large and commodious of the crop, but there was a difference as to the building, handsome as to appearance, and in every produce, in favour of the plastered seed: for when way suitable for the College of the city of Charleston. the potatoes were given out for provisions, those Their plan is to enable every planter, every mer- from the plastered field lasted four days longer than chant, every mechanic, every professional man, all those from the field planted in the usual way. The persons whomsoever, to have their sons educated question now is-was the difference caused by the learnedly and liberally at home, and under their plaster of Paris? My opinion is, that it was not: own superintendence. To accomplish their lauda- that it was caused by the water, which with the ble views, the trustees require aid. I know that plaster formed the paste, and which was absorbed they require aid from the enlightened and the libe- by the potatoes planted as seed; and this caused ral. Let us attend the commencement of the col- them to sprout a week sooner than otherwise they lege in October next. We will all be gratified. would have done. Had mud been taken from the The exhibition will be to us an intellectual treat. ditches of the rice fields, and used for the paste, Afterwards let us resolve to contribute according to the effect would have been most probably the same. our means, to aid the college. The trustees will The plaster had certainly no effect on the corn and receive our subscriptions at any time: our children oats. I am aware of all the properties attributed will thank us-the rising generation will thank us: to plaster of Paris. This experiment was made in we, ourselves, will be constantly enjoying pleasures the spring of 1804. originating from our own deeds; and, when we shall have gone hence, and shall be gathered to our fathers-future generations will bless us! All such acts must advance the prosperity of an agricultural country. us. H. On Overseers and Managers. Important Observations on the Preservation of Indian Corn from the Fly or Wevil, in the Corn House. Dear Sir: For many years past, I had determined if ever I should build another corn house, it should be double the size necessary for housing my corn in the old way; intending to store it as pulled with the husks on. In the summer of 1827, Í built such a house with a door at each end, and in the month of October, from the 7th to the 27th, housed my corn therein from the carts, as it was hauled in with the husks thereon. When the mornings were damp, the part then pulled was deposited in the barn for immediate use. Within two or three weeks past, I have husked out by an invalid hand, all that remained of the crop so put away, and find that it has kept to admiration; it comes from the husk glossy and fresh like new corn, and not a layer more imperfect and unsound than would have been, had it been husked out at the time of pulling, and then separated in the usual way. It is not unfrequently the complaint of planters, I send you three ears of my last year's crop, numthat after they have made every exertion, so as to bered 1, 2, 3. The two ears numbered 1, 2, were entitle them to expect good and profitable crops, stored in the corn house as above, and lately husked. MR PRESIDENT:-In conclusion, permit me to their plans having been frustrated during the sum-On examination you will find No. 1 perfectly free observe, that the anniversary of this Society has mer, when they have been obliged to be absent from fly holes, not a grain thereof injured; this ear ever been a source of pleasure to every member of from their estates; and that their crops have been was covered entirely with its husk. No. 2 has the It affords to us the opportunity, not only of materially injured from the inattention of their most of its grains towards the small end only, fly greeting each other after the lapse of a year, but of overseers and drivers, in whom they had confided. eaten, as you will observe; this ear was not covered comparing our agricultural pursuits, of profiting by I have always thought that the remedy rested with entirely with its husk out to the end thereof, and each other's experience, of stating the success of the proprietor of the estate, so badly managed; the part fly eaten exposed. No. 3, is an ear that my plans, which had been last suggested, and which though it will require him to use his firmness, if the manager, it being handsome and speckled, accihave been advantageously pursued, and of propos- evil he complains of has been of long continuance. dentally took from a heap as they were husking for ing new improvements to be effected during the en- The remedy is this: let there be no privileged per-immediate use in the fall of 1827, and carried into suing year. It is by an association like this, that sons, but let every negro on the estate be treated the house and put it into his closet, where it rethe agriculture of our country does and must pro- according to behaviour and merit. Abandon the mained until lately. As we both observed in huskgress; the experience and energy of each indivi- management by drivers, and compel them to obeying out during the last two or three weeks, that a dual, profitably exercised, constituting the collec- the orders given by the overseer or manager, to good deal of the corn was at the small end fly-eaten, tive energies of the state; that every agriculturist whom the proprietor or planter should always give and that it was never so in any of the ears except is enabled to furnish aid to a liberal commerce his own directions. Let the estate be well furnish- those not fully protected by the husk, it induced founded on enlarged views, and happily blended ed with every thing requisite; let supplies abound, him to bring out and shew me the ear No. 3, now with agriculture: In a word, it is by an association but they should not be other than necessaries. Em-sent, which had been in his closet during the year like this, that we can all exert ourselves for our ploy no overseer or manager who is not a man of past. This ear as you see is literally eaten to a country, pursuing measures planned with judgment capacity and of undoubted character, and if possi-honey comb, almost every grain thereof, by the fly. and executed with skill. Long may we continue ble let hini be a man with family. When such a From the above circumstances I draw the conto enjoy this pleasing intercourse; and although, at person is found, give him liberal wages, and make times, we may have to strive and contend for him comfortable. Let it be seen by the drivers awhile, against laws, adverse to our agriculture and and all others, that confidence is placed in him, and our commerce; ordained by those to whom limited then look to such an overseer or manager for the power has been delegated, but by them sometimes crop. If the estate be a large one, and the plantamistaken, if not misconstrued; yet in the end, by tions be adjoining and contiguous, employ but one exercising in our several capacities, sound discre- assistant overseer, who must obey the manager. At tion united with becoming firmness, we must suc- any rate, have as few to give orders as possible. On ceed in our just expectations and requisitions. South this plan an estate can be well managed, and withCarolina will advance her own interests, and the in-out confusion, if the proprietor will only adhere to terests of every state in the Union, by requiring by what he has established. Severity is seldom reconstitutional means, and through the medium and quired on an estate: only cause all orders to be wisdom of her legislature, what are only her just obeyed, and in a short time every thing will go on rights; and by her merited influence, she will con- without difficulty. I have pursued this plan for tinue to aid, in the preservation of, and in the keep-more than seven years, after long experiencing the ing entire, the confederation, of which she has al- old driver-management, with a common overseer, ways been a distinguished member. NOTES. as a white man, on each plantation: and by the change I have more than doubled the income from my estate. Good men can be procured, if good wages be given. I will also observe, that in every I once made an experiment on plaster of Paris. parish it would be very desirable that there be a I tried it with corn, oats and potatoes. The plas-church, at which the managers and overseers should ter was made into a wet paste, in which the seed was be attendants; and, if possible, a good school for clusion, that if I had husked out my crop last fall in the usual way, and so housed it, the whole thereof would have been totally ruined by the fly. Such an event did occur to me, as to my crop of corn made in the year 1826, which was husked out and housed as is generally practised. What remained thereof in the fall of 1827, was scarcely fit to use, from the quantity of fly therein. I am therefore satisfied that the plan of housing corn with its coat on, at any rate one half the crop made, is infinitely su perior to the old method; moreover it is less likely to be pilfered. The fall of 1827, winter and spring of 1827, 1828, were, from the great quantity of rain that fell, peculiarly unpropitious to my experiment; on examination through the winter of 1827, 1828, the entire mass of husks and corn, for we dug into it, was often found in a giving state, and sometimes heated in a small degree, which alarmed me for its safety, but on the occurrence of a north wester, the husks almost immediately became as cold, crisp, and dry as when put into the house. Some of the husks themselves were lost, perhaps one fourth part, being those got out in the summer time. However the cows, even then, although well pastured, seemed fond of and did eat them heartily, which I ascribed to the nubbins and some ears not completely husked and left amongst it. I saved all the husks lately made, and put them in a shed convenient to the cow yard, and shall begin feeding with them. With great respect, yours, JAMES CARROLL, Mount Clare, Oct. 3, 1828. CROPS IN THE SOUTH. MR. SKINNER, Stokes county, N. C., Sept. 26, 1828. Agricultural productions, notwithstanding some severe drought, are in abundance, having yielded well, and of consequence are low in price; and I believe it is so nearly throughout our state. A. S. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. Second Annual Report of the President and Directors to the Stockholders of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company. tion right on the part of that company, to certain | ened policy, to which, from the commencement of It would have been in perfect accordance with the views of the President and Directors, to have definitively concluded on the most suitable route for the Rail Road throughout its entire course from the city of Baltimore to the Ohio river, but they would adduce the various and important objects, the immediate consideration of which could not be deferred, together with the complicated duties, incident to the organization and commencement of so great an undertaking, as abundant reason why the decision of a question so interesting in its issue, not only to a large portion of the inhabitants, residing westward of the Alleghany mountains, but to those of a fertile and populous section of our own state, has hitherto been unavoidably postponed. The President and Directors now turn with pleasure, and especially would they direct the attention of the stockholders, to the encouraging results of their short experience in the actual construction of the Rail Road. The day, on which, in the presence of assembled thousands, its auspicious commencement was honoured by the active agency of our venerable fellow-citizen, CHARLES CARROLL OF CArrollton, was immediately succeeded by renewed efforts. on the part of the Directors; by a reference to the Report of the Board of Engineers hereto appended, with the accompanying documents, it will be seen that there has been no relaxation in the active labours of any of the officers of the company. On the 7th day of July last the definitive location of the road was commenced at the "First Stone,” on The precise direction which may be most recom- the south west boundary of the city, by Lieuts. Cook, mended for a continuation of the Rail Road, be- Hazzard and Dillahunty, under the immediate ditween the "Point of Rocks" and the ridge dividing rection of Captain M'Neill, to whom the performthe waters of the Patapsco and Monococy, is de- ance of this duty had been entrusted, and on the pendent on the relative advantages of the three 14th day of July, notice was publicly given that routes already enumerated, and remains to be dis- from the 1st to the 11th day of August, proposals closed by the results of surveys not yet completed, would be received for the grading and masonry on In accordance with the provisions of their char- but which, however, are now in the rapid progress a distance not exceeding twelve miles. The locater, the President and Directors of the Baltimore of fulfilment. A wider field has been presented for tion having been effected, and being unanimously and Ohio Rail Road Company, submit, at this gen- the selection of a route west of the Alleghany moun- approved by the Board of Engineers, contracts eral meeting of the Stockholders, the following tains, than was open to the investigation of the En- were accordingly, as early as possible, entered into, statement of the affairs of the company; and it is gineers of the company, during their general recon- for grading the road and constructing the necessary with sincere gratification they can indulge the be-noisances, between Baltimore and the Ohio-but masonry, on the twenty-six sections, into which the lief, that in a review of the occurrences of the past the exigencies of the service having not yet permit- superintendent had subdivided a distance of eleven year, there will be found nothing to impair the con- ted the Engineers to resume their examinations be- and three fourth miles, embracing that part of the fidence of the stockholders, in the successful ac-yond the town of Cumberland, the Board can at road between the "First Stone" and Ellicott's mills complishment of the work in which they are em- this time, only assure the stockholders, that the ear-on the Patapsco. The Directors are not aware that barked: or in the least degree to discourage the ex- liest opportunity will be embraced to obtain all the pectation, that the early completion of the Balti-information requisite, to a judicious location of the more and Ohio Rail Road, is otherwise dependent, western division of the Road, in order that its conthan on a judicious application of the means of the struction along the whole line, may be undertaken as early as circumstances will admit. company. any prejudicial consequences resulted from the short notice which preceded the first letting, or that greater competition would, at that time, have caused any material change in the contract prices, which, although they are believed in every case sufficient to The preliminary examinations which were in The charter granted by the Legislature of Penn- insure the contractors against loss, are not thought progress, at the time of our last annual report, ha-sylvania, at its last session, by which the power of to be generally higher than has usually been paid ving resulted in a conviction of the entire practica- constructing the Rail Road through that state, is se- under similar circumstances. So great, however, bility of a Rail Road from Baltimore to the Ohio cured to the company with very liberal and satisfac- are the increased facilities now experienced from the river, were immediately succeeded by experimental tory privileges and immunities, promises to afford improvements which have been introduced on sevsurveys of the several routes indicated by the To- important facilities. From their "present know-eral sections, by means of temporary Rail-ways for pography, as suitable to the contemplated object, ledge of the country" (derived from surveys made the removal of earth, that a great reduction in the and upon a careful consideration of the facts sub-by them on a former occasion) the Engineers remark cost will accrue to the contractors. The profitable mitted to the board, in the very able and satisfac-in their report, "we are aware that serious difficul- results of these improvements will be felt in subsetory report of the U. States Topographical and ties may be avoided by entering the territory of quent contracts. Civil Engineers, they were convinced that of the Pennsylvania, and that after we shall have passed various routes which had been suggested, that along the Laurel ridge, by the valley of the Youghagany, the valley of the Patapsco, and thence in the direc-we may, from the favourable direction of different tion of Bennet's, Bush or Linganore creek, to the tributaries to the Monongahela and Ohio rivers, "Point of Rocks," (where the Potomac passes the prolong the Rail Road to a point on the latter, as Catoctin mountain) was so decidedly preferable, as far south as the Pennsylvania line, or even to the to preclude any hesitation in awarding it the pre-mouth of the little Kenhawa, with comparative faference. cility, which is as far southward as the charter The measures adopted by the Board of Direc-granted by Virginia permits; or if it should be tors in pursuance of this decision, had reference not only to the earliest commencement of the Rail Road, but were dictated by an earnest wish to fulfil the expectations of the Stockholders, and the community generally, that no part of the work should unnecessarily be delayed. Accordingly, as soon as it was fully ascertained that the best route from the "Point of Rocks," to Cumberland, would in general confine the Rail Road to the margin of the Potomac, the Directors instructed two of their Engineers, to make the necessary surveys also along that line. deemed preferable, we may continue down the val- The contractors have all commenced their la bours, and are rapidly advancing with their several sections. Three of which, including a distance of one and a half miles, are already finished for the reception of rails, and there is every reason to expect that the grading and masonry on all, will be completed by the 1st of June next. No personal security has been considered necessary to insure a compliance with contracts; but in order to render their fulfilment certain, and that the company may be secured against the possibility of loss, one-fourth part of the relative value of masonry, and one-fifth part of that of the grading, to be estimated monthly by the Superintendent, will be reserved, until the whole shall be accepted as comDuly impressed with the importance of securing pleted. From the report of the Board of Engithe services of scientific Engineers and a Superin- neers, heretofore alluded to, it will be seen that tendent of construction of competent talents and while the average cost per mile for the grading and experience, the Directors devoted their earliest and masonry, on the first eleven and three-fourth miles, unremitted attention to this object, and they have is about seventeen thousand dollars, the cost of the the gratification to inform the stockholders, that in fourth and fifth sections, which include the great the organization of this branch of service, they cut of seventy-eight feet depth, and extends but have succeeded to their entire satisfaction. They about one thousand three hundred yards, is onewould at the same time, as in intimate connexion third of the total of this cost; and that the first with this subject, acknowledge their obligations to twelve sections, extending from the "First Stone" the general government, for the unceasing and cor- to the valley of the Patapsco, and including five a conflict arose with the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal dial support, which the company continues to de- and three-fourth miles, or about one half of the Company, upon the subject of an alleged pre-emp-rive from the operation of that liberal and enlight-total distance to Ellicott's mills, involve an expen These instructions were promptly complied with, and a location effected; at the same time the necessary titles to the land were acquired, upon almost the whole of that section bordering on the Potomac. The Board had scarcely effected this object, when diture of one hundred and fifty-seven thousand dol|paration for contract, will not exceed three thou- of the work) the entire eastern section of the road, lars. The remaining sections, along far the most sand dollars per mile; and since a very gradual extending from Baltimore to the Potomac. difficult ground, to be encountered in the valley of ascent may be attained under nearly or quite as fa- The Board of Directors, in order to possess themPatapsco, will cost but forty-one thousand dollars. vourable circumstances, even to the summit of the selves of accurate information, respecting all the In other words, to sustain the level of sixty-six feet ridge dividing the waters of Patapsco and Mono- recent improvements in Europe relating to the conabove mid tide, which extends two and a half miles cocy, it will have resulted that the average cost of struction of Rail Roads, and the application of a above the twelfth section, till we have passed the preparing the first forty miles for the reception of moving power upon them, have determined to send valley of Dorsey's run, will cost one hundred and rails, will not exceed eight thousand dollars per immediately, two of their Engineers, personally to seventy-three thousand dollars, leaving the cost of mile, and with the most liberal allowance for laying inspect the works of that description there, and to the remaining distance to Ellicott's mills, including the road with double tracks, and completely fitting collect such further information as will ensure to the the charge of a viaduct, about two hundred feet the rails for the reception of carriages and the ap- work, not only its earliest completion, but a successlong across the Patapsco river, at an average of six plication of motive power, the total cost per mile ful accomplishment of all its parts in the most ecothousand dollars per mile. As a full explanation of throughout that distance (notwithstanding the ac-nomical and efficient manner. On the return of the the causes which have unavoidably led to so heavy cumulated expenditure on the first twelve miles,) is deputation, the Directors purpose prosecuting the an expenditure in the commencement of the work, expected not to exceed seventeen thousand dollars enterprise upon a still more enlarged scale of ope will be found in the report of the Board of Engi- per mile. neers, the Directors would merely invite the attention of the stockholders, while they shall for a moment dwell on a few prominent facts. ration. The obvious causes of the diminished cost which It is a source of sincere gratification to the Board will certainly attend the construction of the road to be able to inform the stockholders, that the fawest of Ellicott's mills, may be referred to the ease vourable disposition which was early manifested by Waiving a particular discussion of the relative with which the location is effected beyond the ut- the proprietors of land, to cede to the company the advantages of such a location as has been adopted, most reach of freshets, without encountering, as it ground necessary for the road, continues. Not only in comparison with any other, which under different heretofore did in the valley of Patapsco, (in order has a sufficient width of land along that part of the circumstances might have been recommended, the to sustain the proper level,) the rugged and steep line now under contract been ceded, without any Directors are satisfied that the elevation above tide hill-sides which bound that stream; and to the ab-charge, but the right of quarrying for stone has at which the rail-road was commenced, is best cal-sence of those other prolific sources of expense be- unhesitatingly been given, and the proprietors at culated to secure the permanent interests of the city fore alluded to, the recurrence of which, we are of Baltimore. assured, need not be apprehended. It is obvious also, that with the prospect almost An analagous course of reasoning, to that which arising to certainty, of the greater amounts of trade affords so favourable a view of the first forty miles, being directed Eastward, at least for a series of is calculated to inspire the most encouraging anticiyears, their Engineers could not, with any regard pations as we advance westward; for, from the reto the economical application of motive power, port made of the routes which have been surveyed admit on this part of the route, the least descent in through Bush and Bennett's creek, by Lieutenants its progress Westward; and since any greater ele- Barney, Gwynn, Trimble and Thompson, and those vation than that at which the road commences, now in progress in connection with the route by the would but have increased the obstacles presented by valley of Linganore, we are assured that no obstacles the steep and rugged hill-sides bounding the Pa of moment will intercept the course of the rail-road in tapsco, (to say nothing of the disadvantages which its passage to the Potomac river. Indeed, the counwould have resulted in passing the numerous broad try intermediate to the Potomac and the ridge diand deep ravines,) they were constrained to suslainviding the Monococy and Patapsco, is ascertained a level at greater variance with the natural surface to be particularly adapted to the easy execution of of the ground than will again be necessary, as the Directors are assured, and firmly believe, on any of the remaining part of the whole route to the Ohio river. Ellicott's Mills on the Patapsco, with a liberality not less creditable to them than encouraging to the Company, have made a gratuitous donation of a valuable tract, which is advantageously situated for the purposes of a depot. The Board have assurances that a similar dispo sition will generally prevail along the line from Ellicott's Mills to the Potomac. From the Point where the road intersects that river, as far as Cumberland, they already hold deeds or full relinquishments on nearly all the important parts of the route. In the very few instances, when deeds have not been voluntarily given, the necessary legal measures have been resorted to, in order to secure a right of way for the road. Since the last Annual Report of the Directors, the our purpose. To embrace in one view the remain-state of Maryland has subscribed for, and become a der of the route as far as it has been determined stockholder in this corporation to the amount of five on, we shall find, that although along the Potomac hundred thousand dollars. There has also been a there are some exceptions to the general favoura- further augmentation of the stock of the Company, ble nature of the ground, we have already encountered far the most formidable obstacles that can arise on the entire route from Baltimore to the coal mines in Alleghany county; whilst these obstacles are rapidly yielding to our efforts to overcome them. This opinion is the more confidently entertained, because it is known, that instead of traversing the country at right angles to its ridges and vallies, as was unavoidably the case, between the city of Baltimore and the valley of the Patapsco, the route of the road will, hereafter, with few exceptions, conform to the direction of streams, whose gradual The President and Directors, therefore, in conslope, both eastward and westward, is so well adapt-clusion of this part of their subject, assure the ed to the advantageous application of locomotive stockholders, that while they are fully apprised of power, that deep cutting and filling, which have the difficulties before them, their confidence in the been found to be such fruitful sources of expense, successful accomplishment of their undertaking reneed very seldom be encountered. mains unabated; and that with a steady and judiThe Directors therefore conceive it to be of but cious application of the means of the company, they comparatively slight importance, that, in order to repose securely in their ability, to achieve the timesustain the desired level on the approach of the ly completion of a Rail-road, which shall, in all reroad towards the city, it has been necessary to inspects, be calculated to secure the greatest facility cur an average expense for 74 miles, of nearly twen- of intercourse between the city of Baltimore and ty-four thousand dollars per mile, or that the ave- the river Ohio. rage cost per mile of preparing the first 12 miles, for the reception of the rails, will be about seventeen thousand dollars, when they have been enabled to avoid a single inclined plane for forty miles on the road, and at the same time rigidly to adhere to principles in every way calculated to insure to the road the greatest possible efficiency, and when they moreover have the well grounded expectation, that notwithstanding such an accumulated expenditure on so short a distance, the average cost of even the first thirty miles, will fall considerably below the original estimate of the company at the time of its organization. The further location of the road along the Patapsco, preparatory to contracts for construction, is advancing with all practicable despatch, and notice has already been publicly given, that proposals will be received from the 10th to the 20th of October, for the grading and masonry on additional sections, which include about twelve miles, extending from Ellicott's mills westward to the forks of that river. Arrangements are also in contemplation for procuring the materials that may be required, as the graduation advances, for completing the construction of the first division of the road, and placing carriages upon it, in order that a return to the com From information obtained by the surveys which pany upon its expended stock, may be realized are now in progress in the valley of the Patapsco, without unnecessary delay. Measures are also unthe Engineers are of opinion that the average cost remittingly pursued, in order to prepare for conof grading and masonry, on the district now in pre-tract (with all despatch consistent with the interest by individual subscriptions, to the amount of one Signed, by direction and on behalf of the board. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. UNAMBITIOUS LOVE. Do I not feel a burning glow A secret pang too deep for tears? Alone have vanished since I loved,- I court no cause for fruitless pain; That he will come to me again. And mar with tears his loved return? I gather from the summer air Of days when that dear home will hold I know, that from the hour I kneel For me the charm which once they wore. My wedded heart,-no pearly string,- Together we shall range the woods, Than the dear home which you despise. As he enfolds his babes and ine Through life's meridian lustre, thrown,- His joys below, his hopes of heaven, tive, but has been destined to adorn the waters in idea of sueing him for a debt, although it is the Mr. Keene, of Hammersmith, killed twenty pi- In Wiltshire the same year, captain Hicks shot against the Gamekeeper of Mr. Maurice, at fifteen pigeons, turned off at the same distance, each killed the whole, and in shooting off the ties, the former missed his sixth bird and lost the match, which was for two hundred guineas. To return to the pigeon, their rapid flight has I lately attended a vendue where goods and chatbeen instrumental, for the purpose of conveying in- tels were going off under execution. Every one telligence: in July, 1808, a wager was decided, by was pitying the debtor, whose property was thus setting off three pigeons, belonging to a young man, under sacrifice; but not a man sympathised with the named Wilson, in the borough, who undertook that creditors, some of whom had been almost starving they would fly thirty-five miles in one hour. They for years, for the want of their dues, withheld by were accordingly set off the same evening at five o'clock, five miles beyond Tunbridge Wells, and arrived again at the residence of their owner, in the short space of fifty-three minutes, being seven minutes, within the time allowed. Dr. Russell tells us, when pigeons were employed as posts, persons not only placed the paper containing the news under the wing, to prevent its being destroyed by wet, but "used to bathe their feet in vinegar, with a view to keeping them cool, so as they might not settle to drink or wash themselves, which would have destroyed the paper." In 1807, was in the possession of Mr. Knight, of Chichester, a hen pigeon of the Powter species, who, in that summer hatched three pair of young She is twenty-one years old, and is considered a remarkable instance of longevity, as Buffon and other naturalists have not allowed this bird, from the heat of its nature, above eight or nine years of life, and to be incapable of procreation, after seven. MISCELLANEOUS. ON THE DUTY AND VALUE OF PUNC- MR. EDITOR: this unjust and unfeeling man. I felt indignant, and only regretted that the law's delay had been so great. Why pity him? He had put it off as long as possible. The law, though slow, had at length overtaken him, and was wrenching from his firm grasp property unjustly in his possession, to give it to the right owners; and I felt glad of it, although it broke up a man of some figure. I have no kind of objection to coaches, hounds and horses, where they are supported by proper means; but I have no patience with a man who indulges in such luxuries while his creditor has to walk (perhaps barefoot,) and go supperless to bed, merely because he, or his wife, has a taste for them, or that their neighbour, who can afford it, keeps such things. It is not honest. But let us return to our mutton." "The punetual man is lord of his neighbour's purse." I knew a man who established a character for punctuality by borrowing small sums, and without using them, returning them punctually at the time appointed. The character thus acquired, enabled him afterwards to gain a fortune. But a man of experience has only to cast his eyes around to see how important it is-how universally the punctual, fair dealer, has succeeded in life; and how the tricky, cunning man, has failed. There are some exceptions, as we sometimes hear of robberies never detected. -County, Md. Sept. 1828. One of the inconveniences I experience here is If a man borrow money he should pay it on the the want of punctuality. Among merchants it is a day fixed--using no excuse-as, "that it rained and cardinal virtue; but does not appear to be much he could not come out; that he had been disapknown in the country, where Farmers "most do con- pointed in his collections, or that wheat was too gregate." "Why do you dun me?-Is not your mo- low, and he could not sell at a sacrifice; or, that he ney safe?-I will pay when convenient?" Such, too did not suppose a few days would make much odds." often, are the answers the needy trader or mechan- He who makes such excuses knows nothing of the ic receives from the man of landed estate, proud of nature or importance of my subject. I often think his possessions, and abounding in every thing but of the conduct of a worthy man, whom I once ready money, of which he seldom feels the want, knew to walk four miles to pay his more opulent and, therefore, cannot realize the want in others dif- neighbour as many pence due, in change, on a late The inducements that have operated upon man, ferently situated. He has his beef and pork, and settlement. "Such an act may appear to some of to exert his powers, in the retaining animals under mutton, and poultry; his hay and corn, and wheat your young readers as one of great simplicity and bis dominion, has been almost universally with the and rye-every thing but coin. He lives like a folly-mean spirited-and that such a trifle should design of converting them to the purposes of food, prince, and too often feels like one towards those have been forgotten." It certainly evinced simplior to articles of trade; but interest, which has dis-who want such advantages. A man of this kidney city-the simplicity of virtue-and I doubt not it posed man to subdue the quadrupeds, and tame the will live in decent credit, as a kind neighbour was the best day's work he ever did-for it went far birds, has had no part in the domestication of the and honest man, although his creditors go without towards establishing a character for honesty and Swan. Its beauty, and the elegance of its form, their money for years together. A man of this punctuality. have engaged him to bring it to his habitation, kind, a sort of feudal lord, appears to be a privi- I have known several young lawyers succeed merely to decorate it. Never has it been kept cap-leged person. His neighbours are shocked at the in practice with little else to recommend them, Our time was so much occupied at the Cattle ITEMS OF NEWS. I once took great pleasure in dining at a particular tavern-my host was entirely to my taste. The first dish was invariably placed on the table by his own hand while the clock was striking the hour of two. He would not have waited for Gen. Washington himself, who, by the bye, would not have ex- Report of Peace between Buenos Ayres and Brazil. pected him to do so; for he, himself, was of this The brig Jane, captain Atwater, arrived at New family-punctiliously punctual. But, while I re- York on Monday night from Rio Janeiro, bringing commend punctuality, I am far from advising run-papers to the 23d August, three days later than the ning in debt in any way-it is a rock on which many advices received at this port. It is stated that the young men are wrecked. "Borrowing dulls the commissioners had concluded a peace, and that inedge of husbandry," and any one addicted to it is a formation of the result was to be officially communitroublesome neighbour. Candour and fair dealing cated to the English government by a fast sailing are virtues of the same stamp. "Honesty is the best vessel provided by the British minister. policy," whatever the speculators and horse jockies may think to the contrary. OLD SCHOOL. INSTINCT OF RATS. A letter to a commercial house in N. York, dated Ready made Clothing, Boots and Shoes. Tanned Leather or Skins. Saddles and all kinds of Saddlery, Horse Shoes. Tables, Sofas, Bureaus, Chairs, Coaches, Cole- MERINO SHEEP. A small flock of very superior MERINO and SAXONT"There is but little activity in our market, in con- MERINO SHEEP is offered for sale on very moderate sequence of the undecided state of affairs. Flour is terms, consisting of 37 bearing Ewes, 12 Ewe Lambs, rather heavy at $13 a 14 per bbl. No disposition to with 15 Werders, and 3 superior half Saxony Bucks speculate, most persons wishing to wait the conclu-be made to R. P. L., at the Post Office, Frankford, Pa., from the stock of William J. Miller. Application to sion of the negotiations now pending. near which the flock may be seen. Frankford, Pa., Aug. 19. and not much doing in sugar and hides-our quo- BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. A farmer's wife in Cheshire lately caught a rat, and being determined to make an example of the culprit, as a terror to the species, with which her house was much, infested, she took the following barbarous method. She put it into a covered iron pot which she placed over a brisk fire; she then went into a place of concealment from whence she could observe the vessel that contained her martyr. FROM CARTHAGENA.--The brig Athenian arrived The cries of the sufferer soon brought into the at New York on Monday, in 20 days from Cartha- Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward J. Willson, Commission Merchant and Planters' Agent, room a numerous assemblage of rats. Each testifi- gena. All was quiet in Columbia. Gen. Bolivar No. 4, Borly's wharf. ed its rage and distress; five or six actually climbed in supreme command, with the titles of President TOBACCO.--Scrubs, $3.00 a 6.00-ordinary, 2.50 a 3.50 to the pot lid, and tried by every means within the and Liberator: and the first decree of the new Conpower of instinct to relieve the poor victim. When stitution issued. The ministry is composed of six-red, 3.50 a 4.50-fine red, 6.00 a 7.00-wrapping, the screams of the sufferer ceased, the rats dispers-Secretaries of State, as follows: Home Department, 4.00 a 8.00-Ohio ordinary, 3.00 a 4.00-good red spaned, and strange to add, not the least vestige of Foreign War, Treasury, Interior, Marine, Justice. gled, 6.00 a 8.00-yellow, 6.00 a 9.00-fine yellow, 10.00 The Council is composed of these Secretaries. One a 20.00-Virginia, 2.50 a 8.00-Rapahannock 2.75 a 3.50 Councillor for each Department. The present govKentucky, 3.00 a 5.00. ernment is to continue in force until 1830, when a general Congress will be again assembled. Extract of a letter to the Editor of the Baltimore Ga-red wheat, 1.10 a 1.15-best white wheat, 1.20 a 1.30zette, from a correspondent, dated those vermin has since been seen in the house. EXTRAORDINARY DESPATCH. A friend in Portsmouth, in whose accuracy the utmost reliance may be placed, informs us that on Monday last, the fore, main, and mizen masts and bowsprit of the Frigate CONSTELLATION, lying at the navy yard, Gosport, were placed in their repective stations on board that ship, in the short space of one hour and fifty-two minutes, viz: The Fore-mast in 28 minutes. "Main 66 "Mizen " Bowsprit 43 66 23 18 RECIPES. CURE FOR THE CROUP. Dr. Godman has recommended the following simple and certain remedy for a common and fatal disease among children. He says, "whenever they are threatened with an attack of cynanche trachealis (Croup) I direct a plaster covered with dry Scotch snuff, varying in size according to the age of the patient, to be applied directly across the top of the thorax, and retained there till all the symptoms disappear. The remedy is found to be always effectual when applied in the first and second stages of the malady." The plaster is made by greasing a piece of linen, and covering it with the snuff. TO MAKE INDELIBLE INK. Indelible ink, for marking on linen cloth, &c. is made by dissolving one drachm of lunar caustic and half an ounce of gum arabic in half a pint of pure rain water. Previous to using it the cloth to be marked should be wet with a preparatory liquor made by dissolving one drachm of salt of tartar in half a gill of rain water, and thoroughly dried and ironed. [American Adv. "LIMA, June 23. FLOUR-white wheat family, $7.00 a 7.75-superfine Howard-st. 5.75 a 6.00; city mills, 5.50 a 5.75; Susquehanna, 5.50-CORN MEAL, per bbl. 2.50-GRAIN, best ord'y to good, 1.00 a 1.10--CORN .38 a .40-RYE .40 a.43 -OATS, bush. .22 a .24-BEANS, 1.00-PEAS, .50 a.60— CLOVER SEED, 4.50 a 5.00-TIMOTHY, 1.75 a 2.25-ORCH"The National Constituent Congress of Peru has ARD GRASS 1.75 a 2.25-Herd's 1.00 a 1.50-Lucerne $7 wound up its long session, leaving a commission of a .50 lb.-BARLEY, .60 a 62-FLAXSEED, .75 a .80-Corits members to watch over the government until TON, Va. .9 a.11-Lou. .13 a .14-Alabama, .10 a.11the contemplated meeting of the first constitutional Mississippi.11 a .13-North Carolina, .10 .11-Geor assembly. The last act of its session was one of gia,.9a.10-WHISKEY, hhds. 1st proof, 224 a .23-bbls. prohibition of all articles of American industry. The 25-WOOL, common, unwashed, lb., .15 a .16-washed, .18 a .20-crossed, .20 a .22-three-quarter, .25 a act will speak for itself. It bears the stamp of that.30-full do..30 a .50, accord'g to qual.-HEMP, Russia, stupid hostility which is the first passion in the ton, $210 & 212; Country, dew-rotted, 136 a 140-waterbreasts of these barbarians towards all civilized na- rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. tions, their people and their productions. The Li- 5.75; do. trimmed, 6.50-North Carolina, No. 1, 6.25 ma faction rules the republic, and it is composed of a 6.50-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.871 a 3.00; No. 2, 2.25 the most ignorant and pusillanimous of all public 2.50-Mackerel, No. 1, 5.50; No. 2, 5.12 No. 3, 4.00 -BACON, hams, Baltimore cured, .10 a 11; do. E. Shore, .124-hog round, cured, .8 a .9-Feathers, .26 a .28Plaster Paris, cargo price per ton, $3.87 S.50— ground, 1.25 bbl. men in the state." THE CONGRESS OF PERU, Art. 1st. That the foreign importations of all Art. 2d. Within the same time and term as the a CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On the Criteria of the Qualities of Horses for various purposes, with explanatory cuts, from Loudon's Encyclopædia of Agriculture, concluded-An Address, delivered before the Agricultural Society of South Carolina, Horry, concluded-Important Observations on the Preat its anniversary meeting, August 19, 1828, by Elias servation of Indian Corn from the Fly or Wevil, in the corn house, by James Carroll-Crops in the SouthSecond Annual Report of the President and Directors to the Stockholders of the Baltimore and Ohio RailRoad Company-Poetry, Unambitious Love-HuntingOn the Duty and Value of Punctuality-Instinct of Rats -Extraordinary Despatch-Recipes, Cure for the Croup; To make Indelible Ink-Items of News-Prices Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St. Paul and Market streets. |