There are in the United States about 20,000,000 of sheep; their value, only with reference to their fleece, may be estimated by comparing their produce-say 14 lbs. each, with the price above. The price of wool is of course governed by the amount Liverpool Market, Sept. 20.--There has been a steady we have ever known by any single individual in achikoff received a severe wound, and great appre-this campaign. The Russians will not approach hensions were entertained for his life. Count Wo- Constantinople until the next season, if they should single article, the produce of our farms." ronzow, the Governor of Odessa, (who formerly ever do so. commanded the Russian contingent in France,) had been appointed to succeed Prince Menchikoff in the command of that portion of the Russian army which was operating against Varna. There was considerable sickness in the Russian army, and among the deaths, was mentioned that of General Benkendorf, a brother of the Princess Leiven, an officer of great merit and highly esteemed. of cloths manufactured. "In referring a few days since to a New Holland paper; we found wool quoted at 3d. a 4d.” QUICK WORK.-On Wednesday morning the shaft of the steam-boat Philadelphia was broken, off North Point, and the mail was not received in time to be despatched from Baltimore to Washington until half past 10. Messrs. Stockton & Stokes had in waiting a light wagon with four fine greys, ready to fly at the first crack of the whip. John McKean, a reins-man of the first chop, took the box, and driving through the 40 miles in three hours and fifty-five minutes, delivered the mail at Washington, preventing a break in the connection with the South. To a man who has an eye for the thing, and delights in seeing work well done, it is gratifying to see the style in which this faithful driver takes his seat and handles his reins. The very horses know by the handling that he on the box knows his business and theirs too. Many a mock hero has been praised to the skies for a battle in which he displayed not half the strength of nerve, quickness of eye and self possession evinced by a bold driver of a mail stage; and who can calculate how much evil he sometimes prevents by saving a mail? And after all, whether in high or in low rank "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow, The rest is either leather or prunella." McKean is the same who brought us the President's message last year in two hours forty-five minutes. INFORMATION. Calls continue to be made upon us to ascertain whether McCall's family spinner answers the purpose; and if so where it can be procured, what is the price, and whether he has added the carding machine to it, which he said he intended to do? We cannot tell, though we have advertised our wish to know, Mr. McCall's particular residence, we wish he would answer for himself through this paper. PA Mr. W. B. Honyman, in a letter to the editors of the London Journal of Arts, states the fact as of his own knowledge with respect to French silk, and then proposes the question for solution."What is the reason of yellow gum silk being impregnated with an odour of violets, whereas, white gum silk is free from that or any other odour?" MR. J. S. SKINNER, PEAS. October 15, 1828. Two articles from Odessa and Constantinople have demand for Cotton the past week. The sales of all descriptions from 13th to 19th inst. inclusive, amount to 15,150 bales, including 230 Sea Islands at 124 to 18; 60 Stained 6 a 9; 3:40 Upland 5 a 7; 2320 Orleans 5 7-8 a 8; 3010 Alabama 5 7-8 a 7. The import during the week was 5326 bales. The decrease in the supply from the United States is now 202,200 bales. Tar. The only sale we have to report is 600 bbls. roany at 12s. 6d. per bbl. Tobacco. About 300 hhds. low Virginia Tobacco have changed hands at 24 a 2 3-8. A GREAT BARGAIN!! In Lancaster county, Va., immediately bounding on the Chesapeake Bay, a very valuable FARM, consisting of 370 acres of land, is offered for sale at the very reduced price of eleven dollars per acre. There is some valuable white oak timber on the land, and large sea vessels may approach within forty yards of the shore. The exportation of timber and cord wood from said county to New York city, is highly recommended as a means of considerable speculation. Address "R. Y. S." or "B. A. C.", Nuttsville, Lancaster county, Va. Oct. 31, 1828. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward J. Willson No. 4, Boriy's wharf. Portugal.-Despatches were received from Lisbon, this morning, dated the 6th inst. It is with great reluctance and regret that we announce the capture of Madeira by Don Miguel's force. The squadron appeared off the Island on the 16th ult.— The troops disembarked on the 22d. On the 23d there was some slight skirmishing, and the new go--red, 3.50 a 4.50-fine red, 6.00 a 7.00-wrapping, vernor landed on the 24th. The feebleness of the re- 4.00 a 8.00- Ohio ordinary, 3.00 a 4.00-good red spansistance has surprised every one. gled, 6.00 a 8.00-yellow, 6.00 a 9.00-fine yellow, 10.00 20.00-Virginia, 2.50 a 8.00-Kapahannock 2.75 a 5.50 Kentucky, 3.00 a 5.00. A Lisbon mail arrived this morning, with letters and papers to the 7th inst. a FLOUR-white wheat family, $7.50 a 8.00-superfine Howard-st. 6.50 a 6.75; city mills, 6.25 a 6.50; Susquehanna, 6.25-CORN MEAL, per bbl. 2.75-GRAIN, best of red wheat, 1.40 a 1.45-best white wheat, 1.45 a 1.55ord'y to good, 1.20 a 1.35--CORN 42 a .44—RYE.43 a.45 -OATS, .22 a .24-BEANS, .75 a 1.00-PEAS, .50 4.60— CLOVER SEED, 5.00 a 5.50-TIMOTHY, 1.75 a 2.25-ORCHARD GRASS 1.75 a 2.50-Herd's 1.00 a 1.50-Lucerne 371 The usurper has attempted to reply to the protest of the Brazilian Ministers. It is quite worthy of the cause it advocates-as powerless in point of argument as it is false in its assertions. Speaking of Don Miguel's treachery in accepting from his brother the office of Regent, and then betraying the oath by which he swore to govern the kingdom in the name of his brother, and according to the 4.50 lb.-BARLEY, .60 a 62-FLAXSEED, .75 a.80-Cor. constitution, it says, "the King found himself under ΤΟΝ, Va. .9 a.10-Lou. .13 a .14-Alabama, .10 a.11the necessity of saying that he was coming to go-gia, .9 a.104-WHISKEY, hhds. 1st proof, .24-bbls. .25 a Mississippi.11 a .13-North Carolina, .10 a.11-Geor vern us for his august brother. But as his rights.26-WooL, common, unwashed, ib., .15 a 16-washwere those of the Portuguese nation, laid down in ed, .18 a .20-crossed, .20 a .22-three-quarter, .25 a the fundamental laws of monarchy, he could not by .30-full do..30 a .50, accord'g to qual.-HEMP, Russia, any promises he might make, alter or deprive the ton, $210 a 212; Country, dew-rotted, 136 a 140-waternation of its rights," &c. &c. rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. 5.75; do. trimmed, 6.50-North Carolina, No. 1, 6.25 a 6.50-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.874 a 3.00; No. 2, 2.25 -BACON, hams, Baltimore cured, .10 a 11; do. E. Shore, .124-hog.round, cured, .8 a .9-Feathers, .26 .28Plaster Paris, cargo price per ton, $3.37 a 3.50ground, 1.25 bbl.; grass fed prime Beef, 4.50. From the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser, Wednesday Even-a 2.50-Mackerel, No. 1, 5.50; No. 2, 5.00; No. 3, 4.00 ing, Oct. 29. SORTIE OF THE TURKS FROM CHOUMLA. We received our papers by the Silas Richards, which left Liverpool on the 25th ult. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. King William Co. Virginia, The London Courier of the 20th says, that intel Sir: I have a kind of pea, which I consider supe-ligence has been received in that city, that a sortie On the Breeding of Horses, from Loudon's Encyclorior to any other I have ever tried in quantity and had been made from Choumla, in which three Rus-pædia of Agriculture-American Patents, For a Thrashproductiveness; I procured a small handful two sian redoubts were destroyed, and the Russians oc-ing Machine; For an Improvement in a Machine for years ago, obtained from a visitor at the Virginia cupying them cut to pieces, eight guns having been Reaping and Thrashing Grain; For a New Mode of springs. They are excellent, in a green state re-taken, and the Russian General Wrede killed. The Garden for November-New Mode of Cultivating Grape Rearing and Separating Bees; For a Churn-Kitchen sembling the garden pea, and appear to be a mix-editor adds, that the public may place full reliance Vines-Horticultural Society of Pennsylvania; Lanture between that and the Callavance. I present upon this intelligence. General Ivanhoff died of dreth's Garden at Philadelphia-Report of the Survey you with a peck for trial. Your obedient servant, his wounds. of the Route of the Ithaca and Owego Rail-road, by The fortress at Varna was well defended, and it is Wm. R. Swift, U. States' Engineer-Female Education, probable, the Russians have received a check there. Identity of Moral and Mental Improvement; Opposition The Emperor Nicholas left Odessa on the 2d Sep-to the Mental Cultivation of the Female Sex-Poetry, tember to return to the army before this post, and Hill Races--Canton Races--Courses de Chevaux(From the London Courier of Sept. 13.) Russia and Turkey -Despatches were received The Turks still found the means of introducing sup- Editorial, Latest Foreign News-Prices Current. a great effort has probably been made to take it.-Game Dogs-Singular Case of an Eagle-A Whaleryesterday from Lord Heytesbury, at Odessa, dated plies, both of provisions and ammunition. Their the 28th August. They were brought by a Russian resistance has certainly been such as was not cal courier. Intelligence had just been received of a culated upon; and if the war is not to be terminated vigorous sortie from Varna, in which Prince Men-by negotiation, it will have scarcely been begun in WM. B. BROWNE. LATEST FROM EUROPE. The Christian's Death-bed-New Market Races-Tree Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St. Paul and Market streets. No. 34.-VOL. 10.] rica. AGRICULTURE. 'AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 7, 1828. By CALVIN JONES, of North Carolina. TO CAPT. BASIL HALL, R. N. 265 sentially from any described above. Mine is to Query 18. Cotton. [Are the necessary means probreak and bed up new land as well as old; to plough|vided for preserving the roots in question from the on horizontal lines, as instructed by Randolph, and injurious influence of the frosts during winter?] ANSWERS TO SOME OF THE QUERIES, to plant corn and every thing else in drills as pre- Cotton is planted between the 10th and last of Drawn up, chiefly, by Mr. JACOB, a gentleman scribed by Taylor. April, in drills, from 3 to 4 feet distance. Three known to European agriculturists, as the author of The continuance of the productive power of the to four bushels of seed are planted to the acre, a report to the British House of Commons, on the soil depends more on its surface form than on the which come up in a week; and in ten days the rows price of grain in the different countries of Europe, exhaustion produced by the crops cultivated. Our are sided with a coulter, and the plants partially and inserted in the American Farmer of 4th Janu-hilly lands, as those a hundred miles from the thinned, by chopping across with a narrow boe. In ary, 1828, at the instance of Captain Basil Hall, Sounds mostly are, unless abounding in vegetable two weeks the rows are ploughed and further thinof the Royal Navy, then travelling through Ame-fibre and ploughed deeply and horizontally, are lia ned by hand, leaving the plants at intervals of from ble to have the soil washed away by the heavy and three to six inches; and the ploughing and handprecipitous rains to which our climate is subject; hoeing must be repeated every two or three weeks and as neither of the preservatives I have mention- until the last of July. The stalks grow to the ed are common here, it follows that our old fields height of from two to five feet. The blossoms first Sir,-My answers to your queries, contained in are mostly cut into deep ravines, and the surface- show themselves in the last of June, when the the 9th volume of the American Farmer, must be soil is swept away. plants are a foot high, and they continue to put necessarily brief and confined to few objects; for of To compare our agriculture in a few of its parti- forth until checked by the frosts, which usually first many of the particulars I am entirely ignorant, and culars with that of Pennsylvania, as described by appear about the middle of October. From the of others, my information is quite limited. So far Dr. Darlington, it may be said that buckwheat will blossom to the maturity of the bowl is about six as I go I hope to be found correct, if what I say is not return the quantity sown; that barns are unu-weeks; hence it is calculated that all blossoms which considered in reference to our state, (North Caro-sual, that the roller is never used, and but rarely appear in August will produce cotton. The product lina,) and the particular section of it, near its cen- the harrow; that we raise ten fold more corn than is from four to twelve hundred weight to the acre tre, in which I reside. I shall follow the respecta- small grain; that very few cultivate grasses or have in the seed, or one-fourth of that quantity clean. ble example of Dr. Darlington, in the medium of meadows; that manures are seldom made or carried Six hundred weight may be considered the average. communication; because, if it obtains general ob-out, cotton seed only excepted; that our cattle most- The machines charge one-twelfth for picking and servation among the many whom I hope will ap-ly range in the woods, and the chief manured spot, baling. The first picking out or gathering is in pear to answer your inquiries, there will be shown, is the place where the cows are penned at night for September and October; the second and last in Nowhat I am very anxious to see, the various condi- milking. vember and December. In very large crops the tions and processes of agriculture in the different Query 7. [How many bushels per acre are com- gathering is continued through January and Febstates; one correspondent will be enabled to supply monly sown of the several kinds of grain, viz: ruary; but when it stands so late it is injured by the defects and omissions of another, and a mass wheat, rye, barley and oats?] Cotton, 4 bushels; trash and dirt, and on red soils is stained; and of information will be brought together, possibly corn, a peck, (making some allowance for partrid- much of it, especially the newly introduced Mexicurious to you, and certainly useful to ourselves. ges and blue bugs;) and wheat 3 to 4 pecks to the can, is beaten out of the bowls by the rains and lost. Query 4. [When land is brought into cultivation acre. This last I once deemed too small a quantity, Seventy-five pounds to the hand is about a day's from a state of nature, how many times is it neces-and have usually sown more; but as our mild sea-work to gather at the first going over, and fifty pounds sary to turn over the soil, either by digging or sons permit the plant to grow longer and tellure at the second. To the south and west, where the ploughing, before the seed is deposited in it?] Our more than in the northern states and in England, I cotton is taller and has larger bowls, much more is first crop upon recently cleared land is Indian corn, am not sure but our deviation from their practices allotted for the day's work. A hand can tend ten or maize. Twenty years ago it was tobacco. The is sanctioned by propriety. Wheat is sown at all acres; but owing to the frequent and stated workpreparation for the corn crop is varioue. The most times between the middle of September and the ings which it requires, it cannot advantageously be common mode, I think, after the bushes are grub- last of December, (commonly among standing corn made the only article of culture, but must be conbed up, and the trunks of such trees as are wanted and cotton,) but the first sown is best. The hes- joined with some other. Whether the cotton culfor fence and fuel removed, and the rest belted, sian fly, so destructive to the wheat crop, in some ture contributes to the wealth and happiness of our is to run single furrows with a plough, sometimes places, rarely does any injury here, and never much. country has been a question. It occupies so nearly followed, and sometimes preceded by a coulter, at The wevil has been a more formidable enemy; but the whole year as to stand much in the way of all four feet and a half distance from each other, these since its natural history is better known, its depre- agricultural improvements. By lessening the quanare crossed, at the same distances, by other similar dations are somewhat guarded against, and might tity of bread stuffs, it diminishes the comforts of furrows. Two grains of corn in common sols, and effectually be, did not our farmers, very cordially, living, particularly among the slaves; and this cirthree in good, with half a dozen peas, (beans, "hate trouble." cumstance, combined with the facility with which think, they would be called in England,) are depo- Query 8. [What is the average produce per acre cotton can be marketed, has lessened the fidelity sited at each intersection, and two inches of earth of those several kinds of corn? what is it on the and honesty of this class of people; but above all thrown over them by the foot of the dropper This best land? and what on the worst land actually in by monopolizing nearly the whole of our labour, it planting is commonly done in May, a month or six cultivation?] Uplands that are considered good, pro- makes much buying necessary; and this buying haweeks later than in old land. In ten or twelve days duce 5 or 6 barrels of corn to the acre; but a large bit once created, soon goes far beyond our absolute the plant is up; and in as many days more it is sided, proportion yields a third or one half less; while our wants. Cotton also being always in demand, and a by running a plough without a mould board, or, river and creek bottoms produce fifty and one hun-cash article, can be used in anticipation like a bank which is better, a narrow winged coulter, once on dred per cent. more. On several contiguous acres credit, adding thereby to the other occasions and each side of the row. In ten days more, the inter-of land, never manured, I have obtained fifteen encouragements it gives to expense and speculamediate spaces are broken up by heavy furrows barrels to the acre. A barrel of corn is five bushels tion. To these, united with other and more powerthrown to the corn. It is then hand-hoed. In three shelled, or ten in the ear. For every ten barrels of ful causes, have been ascribed the pecuniary diffior four weeks it is cross-ploughed and hand-hoed corn, a thousand weight of blades fodder is obtain-culties which at present oppress a considerable poragain; and this completes the tilage. In old land ed, of about the same value as hay. Wheat may tion of our farmers. the ploughing and hand-hoeing is commonly per- average eight bushels (measured,) to the acre. formed a third time. After the frst crop, the peas, Query 12. [Are shell fruits, such as peas, beans, in all future ones, are planted in the intervals of tares, kidney beans, caravanses and others, exten the corn at the time of the firs hand hoeing, and sively cultivated? What is the usual increase of in more liberal quantity; but the cultivation of each of these, viz: how many times does the prothese is principally confined to the flat sandy part duce exceed that of the seed, when cultivated on of the state. The first year's orn crop is not so the field, not the garden system?] Peas (beans,) are good as the second, about equl to the third, and extensively cultivated among corn; produce an better than the fourth. After te fourth crop, if all abundant and valuable crop; are raised with little successively were corn, the lad was formerly al- labour; do not lessen the corn product, and contrilowed to rest every second or hird year, but since bute to the improvement of the soil. the cotton and wheat culture introduced twenty Query 17. Ameliorating crops. [Is the cultivation years ago, the second and thd crops are usually of these roots, or of any others, deemed or found in cotton, and the fourth wheat. But there is no uni- practice to be beneficial to the crop of corn which formity of practice, for we have no system, and may be grown next in succession?] These are until lately, nothing like a station of crops. My sweet potatoes, (convolvulus batata,) cotton, and own practice, and that of afew others, differs es- peas. No. 34.-Vol. 6. Query 33. [Is there any upland or dry pasture, fit for the rearing or fattening sheep.] These exist in a state of nature in much of the low country, within a hundred miles of the sea, to any desirable extent. Sheep require no feeding: Indeed, they are injured by grain. They need only occasional salting and penning to keep them gentle. Few persons have ever kept sheep with a view to the sale of meat or wool, but flocks of a hundred head are not unfrequent, and there are many of two or three hundred. Their wool, mixed with cotton and manufactured in families, affords winter clothing for a considerable portion of the inhabitants. The Beeces weigh, when clean, two pounds and a half on the average. The savannahs and open pine woods, in many of the lower counties, are very extensive; and a sheep-ranging privilege for thousands of head The condition of the animal at the time, whether Stock, grazing on red clover of the first or second On the contrary, stock pasturing on red clover would cost little or nothing. There can be no doubt SALIVATION OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. MR. SKINNER, Fayette, Ky., Oct. 5, 1828. In No. 28, vol. 10, of the American Farmer, (to which I am a subscriber,) there is a communication from Mr. J. W. Jeffreys, of N. Carolina, enclosing some reflections "On the Salivation of Horses," by C. S. Rafinesque, late of Lexington, Kentucky. It is the object of this notice to correct several mistakes into which the latter gentleman has fallen, in treating of a subject about which he had no practical knowledge. He says, no other domestic animal is liable to the excessive flow of saliva of which he speaks, and which is so extensively and injuriously known among us, but the horse and the cow, and the latter only slightly. This is not true. Hogs are quite as liable to it as cows. I have seen every hog on my farm, of all ages, amounting to several hundreds, afflicted with it at the same time. I never knew it terminate fatally in any animal but the horse. more greedily than this corn, and even the cobs with it. In Indian barvest, the unripe ears should be picked out and given to the hogs that are fatting, without delay; or as fast as they can eat them; for it will do them four times as much good in this state, as it will after it is dried, it being difficult to dry it, without its turning mouldy or rotten; so that they will scarcely eat any of it in this state, unless they be kept shorter of food than fatting hogs should be. After the unripe corn is used, that which is ripened must be given them. If it be thought most convenient to feed them with corn of the preceding year, it should not be given them without soaking, or boiling, or grinding it into meal. For they will not perfectly digest much of the hard kernels, it being often too hard for their teeth. It has been thought by good judges, that the corn will be at least a sixth part more advantageous to the swine for soaking it in water. But there There is a very large weed found in the corners is, if I mistake not, still more advantage in grinding of fences, and in other rich, untrodden spots, com- it. What new corn is given them may be in ears, mon among us, called the rich or bull weed, which as it is not hardened enough for grinding. I know all stock, but especially horses, are very fond of, of nothing that will fatten hogs faster than a dough that will mitigate the flow of saliva in a few hours, of meal and water. But as this is expensive food, and stop it in a few feeds, if the animal has not ac- the dough may be mixed with boiled potatoes, or cess to whatever originally produced the disorder. boiled carrots. They eat these mixtures as well as The disorder may be always cured in a day or dough by itself; and it appears to make no matetwo, by feeding the animals on any kind of grain rial difference in their fattening. In this mixture, whatever. I have seen a horse salivated and cured barley meal will answer as well as Indian; which several times in a week, just as his food was changed. should be attended to in our more northern parts, Upon the whole, I do not pretend to know what where two bushels of barley may be as easily raisis the immediate cause of the disease; but I am sa-ed as one of Indian corn. Both kinds of meal I tisfied that it is produced by something taken into have found to be a good mixture with boiled potathe stomach of the animal, and that it can always toes; but it should by all means be a little salted to be cured in a few days at farthest, by resorting only give it a good relish. to nutritious and healthy food. It seldom produces While hogs are fatting, little or none of the death, except in aggravated cases, attended with wash from the kitchen should be given them. Their great neglect. I do not think it is attended with drink should be fair water, which they relish better pain, nor even by soreness about the mouth or sali- than any other drink, and of which they will drink vary glands, but produces its effect by a perpetual a good deal, when they are fed only on corn, or stiff wasting away of the principle of life. It unques- dough. tionably produces no constitutional injury; for all your gourmands know the excellency of our beef; the most patriotic citizen in St. John's Colleton will testify to the lusciousness of those swine which have become his abomination; and I doubt not Mr. McD******, himself, rides a blood horse exported from Kentucky by the Downings, in his circuits through his district. If you think it of any consequence, you can use these remarks, which are of no other value than as they may correct errors, which are given dignity to by being circulated in your paper. Your obed't serv't, B. To prevent measles and other disorders in hogs, whilst they are fatting, and to increase their health and appetite, a dose or two of brimstone, or antimony, given them in their dough, is useful, and should not be neglected. Some change of food may be advisable, in every stage of their existence, as it always seems to increase their appetite. But while they are fatting, laxative food in general should be avoided, as these animals are seldom known to suffer by costiveness, especially when they are full fed, but often from the contrary disorder. If they chance to be costive, a rye will help them. little In feeding, steady care should be taken that not FATTENING SWINE. one meal should be missed, nor mistimed, and their According to the opinion of the Rev. Mr. Elliot, water should never be forgotten. They should althe best time in the year to shut up hogs to fatten ways have as much food as they will eat up clean; them, is the month of August. I rather prefer the but never more than that quantity, lest they defile month of September, when it may be depended it, and it be wasted. A little at a time and often, is upon, that they will not suffer at all by the heat in a good rule. The disorder is attributed by him, to two plants their confinement; and there will be time enough to If their skins pe scurvy, or inclined to mangior weeds, which are not uncommon in this region, make them fat, before the weather becomes ex-ness, a little oil paired upon their backs, will cause it to come off. Aid some say, a small mess of rye, viz: the Euphorbia hypericifolia, and the Lobelia tremely cold. inflata. This, I apprehend, is also incorrect. The He that attempts to fatten his hogs in winter will now and then, as change in their food, is good former weed abounds among us; but, as he truly be a loser; for it has been found by long experience, against these and cher disorders. If the issues in he fore legs should chance to states, hogs do not eat it; yet they are more subject that they do not gain in their flesh near so fast in a to salivation than any animal beside the horse.-frosty, as in a temperate season. I therefore take get stopped, every ttempt to fatten them will be in The latter weed does not grow on my plantation, care to get them fit for the knife by the beginning or vain. These, therfore should be watched; and if nor in my vicinage, and yet my stock, especially middle of December, and I should choose to kill found to be stoppe, they should be rubbed open my hogs, are annually more or less salivated. them still earlier, were it not for the advantage of with a corn cob. This disorder is a very disagreeable one, and ex-keeping the lean part of the pork for some time Rubbing and curring their hides very frequenttremely injurious to our stock; one which every without salting; as it most commonly may be done ly, is of advantage keep up perspiration. It is body can account for as they suppose, yet one which by exposing it to frost, in the coolest part of a house. grateful to the anirals, as well as conducive to all allow to be perpetuated among them. I have But a very important question is, what food and their health and growth. A proper scrubbing post no theory on the subject, but I will state a few facts management is best in fattening swine? Peas an- in the middle of thei pen will not be amiss. And which I have observed for some years. swer well, when the price of them is low. But I during the whole tim of their fatting, they should am constrained to give the preference to Indian have plenty of litter. They will lie the more dry corn. Let them be fed in September with green ears and warm, and it will more than paid for, by the from the field. There is nothing they will devour increase of good manur I believe most domestic animals are subject to the disorder. Horses, cows, hogs, sheep-and even my goats, I have seen salivated. When hogs are killed, a single one should not be left to live alone in a pen. He will be apt to pine too much after his former companions. And in cold weather he will suffer for want of lodging as warm as he has been accustomed to. table. Baltimore.] be on the plantation, and exercise a daily supervi- bandry made at the late Cattle show-the following sion. observations on MCCORMICK's plough, which we These instances are mentioned only as examples; find in Vol. 1, No. 2 of "the American Journal of they indicate the habit, and it is unnecessary to Improvements in the Useful Arts and Mirror of the add more. For a time he kept an agricultural Patent Office." The fat of pork should be plentifully salted with journal, and was engaged in experiments on a rota- We are desired to state further, that these the best and strongest clean salt. It will take three tion of crops, noting down for a series of years ploughs may be had of Sinclair & Moore, who pecks for a barrel. The pork should be kept con- the crops of each lot, with remarks on the compara- have made arrangements with the patentee to mantinually under pickle: for if it be exposed ever so tive success of different rotations. He was at much ufacture and vend them, in a variety of sizes, at little to the air, it will become rusty and unpala-pains to stock his farms with the best breeds of their agricultural repository, Pratt street wharf, animals, and his grounds were adorned with rare and curious trees and shrubs, collected from various parts of the United States, and from foreign countries. His correspondence with Sir John Sin clair, Mr. Anderson and Arthur Young, on agriculture, has been printed. It is not my intention to select much for publication under this head, but such In compliance to your request yesterday, to prepapers will be included, and such illustrations ap- pare a description of my plough, reported upon, pended, as will exhibit in their due proportions the I have thought it advisable to refer you to the Amecharacter of Washington on his farm, and his at-rican Journal, in which a drawing is given, and a tention to the humbler concerns of life. short sketch of the improvements. The editor of the American Farmer, will also give a drawing as above mentioned. All of which will be inserted under your reports. Boiled or steamed clover hay will serve to keep hogs during winter, but the addition of potatoes or carrots, boiled or steamed with the hay, will be an improvement. It is declared, that food, when soured by a proper fermentation, is much the best for fattening swine, and that one gallon of sour wash will go as far as two of sweet for that purpose. Mr. Young says, that the best method of feeding all kinds of grain to hogs, is to grind it to meal, and mix it with water in cisterns for that purpose, at the rate of five bushels of meal to a hundred gallons of water.[Deane. AGRICULTURAL HABITS AND PAPERS OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. MCCORMICK'S PLOUGH. [It had been our intention to publish along with the report of the committee on Implements of Hus Baltimore, October 17, 1828. Society of Maryland, on Implements of Husbandry. To the committee appointed by the Agricultural GENTLEMEN, Very respectfully yours, &e. There was no station in which Washington took more delight, or the duties of which he discharged with more zeal and activity, than that of a practical farmer. His achievements in this walk were prodigious. It may be fairly questioned, whether any other individual in the country, not excepting the most industrious and enterprising, who has been devoted to this pursuit alone, has ever accomplished so much. He was commander of an army, and at the head of a nation, for a few years only at a time, but a day never passed in which his farm was out of his mind. During the whole war he was planning improvements, directing them, and often writing letters of minute instructions to his manager. While president of the United States, it was his standing custom to write weekly, and to receive weekly returns, in which he required great particularity and exactness in specifying occurrences, and the employment and progress of the labourers. I have before me a volume of press copies of letters; written in only reason why we have not given a specification position upon an inclined plane, and the shape of This plough is in great reputation and use; the fastening the bar or point, the bar or point and its one year, during the presidency, to his manager of it at large is, that having given Davis's at length, the share. and overseers. Some of them extend to several it would take up too much room. There are morepages, and they average more than one a week.— They are written in his own hand, with its usually fair and regular character, and bear every mark of having been as much studied in expression and style as any of his compositions. In some cases, and probably in most, they were written and copied out by himself before the press impressions were taken. Such was his habit for years amidst the burden of his public cares. There is also before me a curious agricultural document, dated four days before his 2. In the face of the mould-board, and the medeath. It is a manuscript pamphlet of twenty-four thod in which it is wrought, the front edge of the folio pages, written in a close hand, containing in- mould-board, the curve or projection over toward structions to his manager for the cultivation of three the landside. The method of making the hole for farms, on the estate at Mount Vernon, the follow- the brace or bolt through the neck from the hind ing year. Each farm was divided into lots, which part, or a ketch, without a hole through; also the were numbered. In the pamphlet, very full instruc- ketch at the bottom of the mould-board to fasten tions are given how to cultivate every lot in the three the share on, the concave groove for the handle, farms during the next year, stating the crops, with and one hole for a bolt to fasten it and the meremarks on the soil, the products of former years, thod of hardening the front edge and wearing part and the results of former experiments. Washington of the mould-board. died, you will recollect, in the middle of December, and this pamphlet, drawn up evidently with much to the cast landside and mould-board by ketches or 3. In the method of fastening the wrought share labour and reflection, was already prepared to be projections; the fender or shoe, the concave groove handed to the manager at the beginning of the year, in the landside for the handle to fit it, the structure prefaced by a letter of general directions on the importance of method and forethought in farming operations, and this, notwithstanding he was himself to 4. Putting the beam on the outside of the handle, the two; a general reference, therefore, to the draw- fastening them with a staple and two screw nuts, over a great many points of resemblance between the manner in which they are fitted together, and ing of it is given, in connexion with the following the adjusting of the beam on the top of the neck of extracts from the original specification itself-which the mould-board, and fastening it with one end of show that the improvements consist chiefly in the the brace or screw bolt, both coming from the hind following particulars, viz. part, and through the neck of the mould-board, and with one screw, and raising and lowering the beam the plan of fastening the handle to the mould-board the shoe or fender to be attached to a wrought or cast landside. of the fore part of the mould-board, for the cast at the handle. the coulter, and the method of fastening with the 5. In the shape of the sword and front edge of stirrup. MR. SKINNER, LARGE CORN. Linganore Mills, neor Frederick, October 27, 1828. which grew in the vicinity of Fredericktown. It You will receive by the bearer a stalk of corn gives you a specimen of the fertility of our soil. I think it a curiosity, and send it to you for your amusement and that of your agricultural friends. I am, with respect, yours, &c. JOSEPH B. WEBB. and proportionably thick, may be seen at the office [The above stalk, which measures 94 feet high, of the American Farmer.] HORTICULTURE. 12. Oaks, (Quercus.) 13. Locusts, (Robina.) 14. Elm, (Ulmus.) Fox grapes improved by culture. Such wine would soon find its way to Europe, and command a high price. If they are best raised from seeds, at what time, On a subject like this, so important, and on which with what preparation, and in what manner should volumes have been written, I know not where to these seeds be sown, and what should be the after-stop my remarks, and can only hope to awaken the culture of the seedlings? If there be a better me- public interest on their own resources and comforts. thod than by sowing the seeds, what is it? Having made it an amusement this seven years II. What trees are best calculated for my residence? past, to insure some of the native grapes, I have obIt is within a mile of the sea, upon an eminence, tained several very valuable varieties from my seedwhere it receives the winds that sweep the whole lings, and have also much improved others by culexpanse of the Atlantic. The soil of a portion is ture. The nursery which I have at present at West thin, sandy, but free; of another portion, loamy Point, may enable me to plant two acres next seaand free; a third, swampy. An answer to these queries is respectfully requested. Nothing can excel the importance of the subject. It is in our "maritime frontier" where the scarcity of wood will be first felt; it is upon that frontier where I intend, in the ensuing spring, to put into operation the knowledge I may acquire relating to arboriculture. I doubt not I shall be able to furnish your readers with useful hints on Yours, &c. FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. J. S. SKINNER, ESQ., Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1828. Sir,-There is one subject which I should be glad to see more frequently discussed in your truly valuable paper, and that is, the growing of forest and ornamental trees. Wood, both for firing and timber, is yet so plenty, that apprehensions of want on that score are not admitted into our bosoms, and the planting of trees for ornamental purposes is but little attended to, since our men of fortune have removed their families to town for the summer. This must not be, sir; wood, in the maritime districts of many of the states is getting to be very scarce; half a century will exhibit many continuous tracts of thousands of acres, as bare of shrubbery as any part of England. As the population of our country becomes dense, our demand for wood will be proportionally increased. A hundred millions of people will require more than ten times the quantity wanted for present consumption. We have it in the subject. our power to prepare ourselves with an artificial growth of wood, to meet the evanescence of the natural forest. We may surround our pastures ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE NATIVE with lofty trees; we may clothe the brows of our rocky hills, and the areas of our "dismal swamps" with a growth of wood which shall meet the wants of posterity, if we but study adaptation, and arborical philosophy. You have done much for agriculture, sir; so much, that when I obtain a seat in Congress! my first motion shall be for a grant to you, as liberal as that made by the British government to Forsyth for his "composition." You have it in your power to press upon the attention of your readers, the subject introduced in this letter, to the obtainment of a great deal of useful information, and I doubt not very much to the furtherance of arboriculture. (From the New York Farmer.) T. J. R. GRAPE-BY PROFESSOR GIMBREDE. of New York. the community in which he lives. munity seems to call for such information, and if I you son. I wish it to be perfectly understood, that I am an advocate for some few of the varieties of the European grapes in our gardens only for the table, in addition to the Isabella and a few others of this country, which not only are good for the table, but are excellent to make wine. You will please to accept some few of the American grapes and others, for the Anniversary Dinner of the Horticultural Society of New York, but have to send them before the full development of the saccharine principle; but if you should be desirous of viewing them when fully ripe, it would give me much pleasure to furnish you with some. Receive, sir, the assurances of my esteem and high consideration, THOMAS GIMBREDE. A PROFITABLE TREE.--Mr. Samuel R. Johnson of Charleston, informs us that he has this year re- RURAL ECONOMY. (From the Franklin Journal.) For an improved mode of constructing Breakfast and The little attention given to the planting of trees, I attribute to the difficulties attending it. We have no treatise, strictly practical, to enlighten us, and our own judgments, (as in the infancy of every sci- dy published on that subject, and, therefore, wish to I well know the many respectable opinions alreaence,) unassisted by help, will carry us to lame resupport by facts only, the feasibility of improving sults. To grow trees is generally supposed an easy your native grapes, and to help to counteract the task. We stand under the shade of the horse chest-most injurious of all prejudices, namely, that The dining table is to be circular; in other resnut and oak, and because they girt some fifteen must plant your vineyards in America, with the vines pects it may be like the ordinary dining table. A feet, and shade half a rood of earth, we fancy it is of the continent of Europe! and thereby trample un- second circular table, or platform, precisely like the as easy to raise them as to crack one of their nuts. der foot, and sweep off from the surface of this high-top of an old fashioned round tea table, is to be It is not so; the most tender species of the gera-ly favoured land, with a culpable indifference, soine placed on and over the centre of the dining table, nium, or the asalea, may be grown with fifty times of the most valuable varieties, many of them quite it being kept in its place by a pivot, or axle, upon more ease than many of the trees that shoot an unique, which the great God of Nature kindly providhundred feet into the air. An author, quoted by ed these United States. Deane, says, "Not one in a hundred of the acorns planted by me in the month of October, came up." I planted fifty horse chestnuts; two of these only vegetated. The great difficulty is to get the seeds of trees up; some lie a year in the ground before they sprout, some a few weeks only. Some should be sown in the fall, and some in the spring. Some trees like a wet soil, some prefer the driest; some will grow in an atmosphere highly impregnated with saline qualities; to some such properties of the air are instant death. Now, sir, in order to bring out your friends and readers, I propose the following queries: I. What is the best manner of growing1. The maple, (acer.) 2. Horse chestnut, sculus.) 3. Birch tree, (Betula.) 4. Common chestnut, (Castanea.) 5. Beech tree, (Fagus.) 6. Ash, (Fraxinus,) 7. Walnut, (Inglans.) 8. Tulip, Lireodendron.) together unreasonable, and, therefore, expect much which it turns. This centre, or upper table, is to be COMMON METHOD OF MAKING VINEGAR. Lisbon sugar; let the mixture be boiled, and skimTo every gallon of water put a pound of coarse med as long as any scum arises. Then let it be poured into proper vessels; and when it is as cool as beer, when worked, let a warm toast, rubbed over with yeast, be put to it. Let it work about I shall point out at some other time, the causes of twenty-four hours, and then put it into an irontheir failure in this country. Every farmer wishing hooped cask, fixed either near a constant fire, or to cultivate vineyards, ought to know this fact, that where the summer sun shines the greater part of the in Europe there are not two counties, sometimes not day; in this situation it should not be closely stopeven two fields, that will ever produce the same re- ped up; but a tile, or something similar, should be putable wine, planted with the same stock; and if laid on the bung hole, to keep out the dust and inplanted here, you certainly could not expect to be sects. At the end of about three months (something more successful; and if made here with the vines of less) it will be clear, and fit for use, and may be Europe, you could not call it a real American wine: therefore, what I should say would constitute a real American wine, would have a distinct character in the taste and flavour-a pleasing variety for the table-a non-such, made with the best varieties of the bottled off. The longer it is kept, after it is bottled, the better it will be. If the vessel containing the liquor is to be exposed to the sun's heat, the best time to begin making it, is in the month of April. [N. Y. Farmer. |