portion to the growth of the raw material, experi- SHEEP AND WOOL. than has been bestowed upon this necessary and COTTON SEED WHISKEY. COTTON SEED. We find in the Charleston Courier, an article ad dressed to the planters of Carolina and Georgia, making the inquiry, when cotton seed was first introduced into this country, by whom introduced, and for what purpose, whether as an experiment merely or with a view to the production of the article as an object of profit. For the best essay on these points, founded on well-authenticated facts, a medal worth twenty dollars is offered; and for the second best essay, a medal worth ten dollars. Those who wish to enter the lists of competition for the prize, are requested to forward their productions to the editor of the Courier by the first of June next. RURAL ECONOMY. IMPROVED BEE HIVE. This modern discovery, like many others, was accidental. The gentleman, a Mr. John Gray, of Georgia, in a careless moment, suffered his cotton (Further translations from the "Bulletin des Sciences.") seed and corn to be thrown together; and corn Dry pastures, fallow fields, and lands covered being scarce, he threw the cotton seed with the with stubble, afford the best nourishment for sheep. corn into the brewery. The result, viz. the quanThe plants and grasses that grow on marshy, boggy tity of whiskey, arrested his attention. He then soils, commonly contain acid, deleterious substances mixed half and half, and finally sold without any which occasion diseases. Disorders are also pro- detection in the taste. He then went on to try all duced by the grass being too often wet by the dew, cotton seed, throwing a peck of meal into each or by frequent rains. Many sheep farmers believe hogshead, to cause fermentation. This produced a J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Fredericksburg, 3d April, 1828. that their flocks have no need of drink when they vigorous extrication of gas; and a large quantity of Sir-In a late excursion through some of the back are in pastures. This opinion is erroneous. It is oil, bland and of drying quality well suited for paint-counties of this state, I accidentally met with a bee seldom that plants contain juice enough to quenching, was produced; and the quantity of whiskey was their thirst. [There are different opinions on this extraordinary from the cotton seed.—Alabama Jour. subject here as well as in Germany. We have termined at once to take a memorandum of the known sheep kept in a pasture, where there was no dimensions, &c. with the intention of forwarding it water, for six or eight weeks in succession, in a dry The refuse matter of gas-works, called coal-tar, to you on my return home, fearing however that a season; they appeared to thrive, and when put into has been found to be a powerful manure for arable written description might not be understood, I deanother pasture where there was water, manifested land. This substance, which is so highly offensive fered sending the memorandum until I could make no desire to drink.] in its crude state, from disengaging sulphuretted a kind of model to accompany it, and having at Acorns and the leaves of the elm and poplar are hydrogen gas, on being mixed with sand, chalk, length accomplished the task, I take the liberty to excellent food in the winter, to correct the disposi- &c. as a compost, the noxious gasses are retained, forward it to you. I have merely to add, that the while the liquid carbonic matter forms a most pow-gentleman who furnished the memorandum, has erful promoter of vegetation. The more recently made trial of these boxes for seven years past, and this manure can be applied the better, from its fuga-assures me they answer his highest expectation. cious properties. tion which sheep may have to the scab and other diseases. Many people give their sheep grain, in order to increase their gain in wool. They are in error; grain increases the greasiness and quantity of the wool, but makes it coarser, and thereby diminishes the value of the fleece. Sheep require cleanliness and air; in dry weather they do not need to be shut up, for they fear the cold less than any other animal. The practice of keeping sheep confined among heaps of manure, deprived of air and exercise, is a fatal one. The greatest market for wool is that of Breslau, in Prussian Silesia. The quantity brought to the fairs in that city, in June and October, 1820, was 190,000 bales. There are annual fairs for the sale of wool, &c. at Berlin, Dantzig, Magdeburg, Leipsing, Bautzen, Vienna, Pest. &c. Much of the wool of Germany is exported to England. IMPROVED BREED OF CATTLE. VALUABLE Manure. hive, the construction of which was so very simple, and answered the purpose so admirably, that I de A. H. Memorandum for its Construction. INFORMATION FOR MANUFACTURERS, The box to be made of inch plank, say two feet &c. three inches by twelve inches in width, the upper Transactions in Wool, Domestic Goods, &c.--Whitpart of the box is to be divided off, allowing a space ney, Chabot & Co., Central street, Boston, deal very just sufficient to admit a drawer, say about 8 by 10 extensively in wool and domestic goods. They have inches in front; the drawer is to slide upon a partia wool stapling establishment in that city, where tion made to fit the inside of the box exactly, and about 250,000 pounds of American fleece wool are through the middle of this partition, a hole is to be assorted annually, by the most experienced staplers, made, and a corresponding one in the bottom of the who have been regularly bred to the business. The drawer, (about one and a fourth inch diameter) so quality of the wool assorted there, is warranted as to allow the bees to pass from the lower part of equal to a fixed standard. They usually have for the box into the drawer, a pane of glass is to be sale, on consignment, most descriptions of Ameri- fitted in the outer side of the drawer, say 8 by 10, can and foreign wool, to which they devote particu- and a sliding shutter is to be made so as to secure lar attention. As buying and selling agents, they the glass and exclude the light. When the honey transact business for five extensive manufacturing is wanted for use, first ascertain, through the pane establishments, viz: Elliot Manufacturing Compa- of glass, that the drawer is filled, then introduce a Harrisburg, (Penn.) March 27. ny, fine shirting cotton. Strowbridge factory, little smoke into the top of the drawer, in the usual Yesterday morning, the Durham short-horned coarse sheetings. Pittsfield Manufacturing Com- way by means of a common tobacco pipe; and when cattle, heretofore noticed, reached this place from pany, sheetings and shirtings. New England do., the bees have all descended into the lower part of York, and we were much gratified to observe so (for which they purchase American flax in lots over the hive, separate the bottom of the drawer and the many of the farmers of Cumberland and Dauphin 1000 pounds,) twine, cotton bagging, shoe thread partition with a case knife, remove the drawer, and in town to examine them. The cattle consisted of and carpet warp. Lowell do., carpet, coarse co- empty the honey, and return the drawer to its place, the four year old bull Yorkshire, and the cow Hebe, loured cottons. American broad cloths, sattinets and when the bees will commence working. On this of the same age; the two year old bull Hector, and cassimeres, besides a variety of foreign merchan- plan the honey will always be obtained pure, withthe yearling bull Sultan--all derived from the cele- dize, are constantly kept on hand for sale, and out bee-bread or dead bees, and not a single bee brated English bull Comet, whose stock has been im-general commission business is transacted by them. will be destroyed. ported into this country by J. H. Powel, Esq. of Phi- They now offer for sale, 700 bales coarse wool, 150 ladelphia. The members of the legislature, many fine fleece, 50 fine Saxony, 25 Spanish, 50 flannel of whom are practical farmers, as well as farmers lambs, &c., comprising Saxony, Portuguese, Spanof this neighbourhood, had an opportunity of exam-ish, Peruvian, American fleece, flannel and lamb's ining these animals, and we heard but one opinion pulled wool. Also, 45 seroons of indigo. of their superiority in all the valuable points. The four year olds, Yorkshire and Hebe, have been purchased of C. A. Barnitz, Esq., of York, by Dr. TO DESTROY WEEVIL among GRAIN.-Lay fleeces TIDE MILLS OF EASTON, MD.-A Mr. Robert T. Whiteside, who proposes taking them to his of wool, which have not been scoured, on the grain Spedden has obtained a patent for a tide mill, which farm and mill on Lost creek, in Mifflin co-the re- the oily matter attracts insects among the wool, is represented as adequate to the ordinary purpose mainder, owned by Mr. Barnitz, will return to York where they soon die-from what cause is not exact-of grinding and propelling machinery in factories. to-morrow; that gentleman having caused them to ly known. M. Payandeau related to the Philoma- It is intended to be used in small creeks or inlets, be driven hither for the single purpose of showing what improvement can be made in the breed of horned cattle, and to incite others to more attention [American and Microcosm. a thic society, that his father made the discovery in [Bull. des Science Agricoles, Juill. 26, 1826, p. 24. [The model may be seen at the office of the American Farmer, and the gentleman who forwarded it will please accept our thanks for his attention-may he long enjoy the sweets of this life, without any of the stings that too often accompany them.] and cannot fail to be of great utility in level countries, or in those sections where running streams are not abundant. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. BALTIMORE AND SUSQUEHANNA RAIL-ROAD COM-(93 cents,) or a penny and one-ninth (2 cents,) per ton per mile. PANY. [APRIL 11, 1828. lings and two pence, ($1.15.) or a penny and one commodated to the active state of business in third (2 cents,) per ton per mile, and on coals, America, or to the simplicity of a republican. is absolutely necessary to qualify a young lady for iron and castings, is four shillings and two pence, 3. Some knowledge of figures and book-keeping The stock subscription books of the Baltimore the duties which await her in this country. There Upon the Wirral branch, the parliamentary ton- are certain occupations, in which she may assist and Susquehanna Rail-road company, were finally nage is, on merchandize for nine miles, four shil- her husband with this knowledge, and should she closed on Saturday, when it appeared that the lings and three pence, (95 cents,) or five pence three survive him, and agreeably to the custom of our whole number of shares subscribed, in this city farthings (10 cents,) per ton per mile, and on free-country, be the executrix of his will, she cannot only, was within a fraction of thirty-four thousand. stone, timber, slate, pig and bar iron, iron stone, fail of deriving immense advantage from it. On Saturday alone, between twenty-four and twen-pig lead and lead ore, three shillings and six pence five thousand shares were taken. It is not yet as- (78 cents,) or four pence halfpenny (83 cents,) per certained what amount has been subscribed at ton per mile. York. The charter of the company authorises but fourteen thousand shares by individual subscription, so that without including the York subscription, there is an excess of twenty thousand shares subscribed beyond the amount required. (The subscription at York was less than 200 shares.] [Baltimore American. RAIL-WAY. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. WOMAN. Woman-gentle woman, has a heart Fraught with the sweet humanities of life. Swayed by no selfish aim, she bears her part In all our joys and woes; in pain and strife A wager, for a small amount, as to the power of Fonder and still more faithful! When the smart draught of a horse on the Monkland and KirkintilOf care assails the bosom-or the knife loch rail-way, was decided in presence of several of Of "keen endurance" cuts us to the soul,-the members of the committee of management First to support us--foremost to console! of the railway, and a great crowd of spectators. The horse in question started from Gargil Coliery, drawing a weight of fifty tons, on fourteen wagons. which it conveyed to Kirkintilloch, a distance of seven miles, in the short space of one hour and forty-one minutes. The first two miles of the above distance was on a level, and the remainder was on a descent, varying from one in 120 to 1,100 with several level tracts. [Glasgow Chronicle. INTERNAL NAVIGATION. Oh! what were man in dark misfortune's hour Than to behold a creature, who, till grief Above vexation; and whose fragile leaf, Lift up its head, undrooping, as if grown Williamsport, (Lycoming co.) April 2. The Union Canal is at present in complete navigable order, and we perceive by the papers, that at Middletown, the junction of the Union and Penn-If Heaven but seemed to lour,-suddenly sylvania Canals, boats and arks laden with the pro- Grow vigorous in misfortune, and defy duce of the country, arrive daily, and either depo- The pelting storm that in its might comes down site their cargoes, or dispose of them at a price equal, if not superior to what could be obtained by Which in its summer's gaiety a frown To beat it to the earth;-to see a rose going further. Several mercantile houses from Philadelphia have established themselves contiguous to the junction of the canal, and are giving handsome prices for all kinds of grain, lumber, &c. which will evidently be the means of entirely stopping that extensive trade which has hitherto found a market at Baltimore. From this quarter we find a general disposition in our merchants to try this new route to market; and should sufficient capital be found at Middletown to answer the purpose, and the prices advantageous, but little doubt can remain of the entire trade of the Susquehanna being diverted from its usual course. RATE OF TOLLS IN ENGLAND ON CANALS. Upon the Fazeley, Coventry, and Oxford canals, the parliamentary tonnage is, on general merchandize, for seventy-one miles, nine shillings and eleven pence, ($2.21,) or about three half pence (3 cts.,) per ton per mile, and on coals, five shilling and six pence, ($1.22,) or not quite a penny (13 cents,) per ton per mile. Across the waste of life-and view it twine Of power to stir the chords of generous hearts The bosom for all world-inflicted smarts. Beloved and loving woman! THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION. instruction in chronology, will enable a young lady 4. An acquaintance with geography, and some to read history, biography and travels, with advantage, and thereby qualify her, not only for a general intercourse with the world, but to be an agreeable companion for a sensible man. To these branches of knowledge, may be added, in some instances, a general acquaintance with the first principles of astronomy, natural philosophy, and chemistry, particularly with such parts of them as are calculated to prevent superstition, by explaining the causes, or obviating the effects of natural evil, and such as are capable of being applied to domestic or culinary purposes. SPORTING OLIO. (From the Annals of Sporting, for January, 1828.) A TROTTING MATCH Took place, on Tuesday, November 20, to decide a bet of 500 sovereigns, Captain James undertaking, for that wager, to trot his mare seventeen miles in one hour. It took place upon a fine two-mile piece, near Maidenhead. At starting, betting was five to four in the Captain's favour; but he lost the match by two minutes and fifty-four seconds. The mare broke into a gallop three times. After the first eight miles were done, betting was six to one against the mare, and no takers. Nothing daunted, however, Captain James undertook, for a wager of 200 guineas, to trot his horse Carol, twenty-two miles in one hour and a half. The match came off on Saturday, on a five-mile piece of ground near Maidenhead. It was done as follows: WALKING. On Tuesday, Dec. 4, Capt Harris, a gentleman should not only read, but speak and spell it cor-taking was great, and betting six to four against Upon the Birmingham, Warwick, Napton. and Duke of Leeds, in Yorkshire, not less than a thouThere are, near Hornby Castle, the seat of the sand bridle gates, put up by his grace for the ac SOCIETY TO PROMOTE THE CULTURE OF SILK. [A society has been formed in Philadelphia to At a meeting of the Pennsylvania Society for the On motion, Resolved, That the following premi- 1. A premium of sixty dollars for the greatest quantity of sewing silk, of the best quality, produced within this state, from cocoons raised within the same, and produced by one family, not less than twenty pounds. Forty dollars for the next greatest quantity and best quality, produced under the same conditions, not less than fifteen pounds; and twenty-five dollars for the next greatest quantity and best quality, not less than ten pounds. 2. A premium of fifty dollars for the greatest quan tity of good cocoons, raised within this state, not less than one hundred pounds; thirty dollars for the next greatest quantity, not less than fifty pounds; to be claimed before the 1st of September. The Editor has been warned by a correspondent in Alabama, that what Mr. Herbemont obhave put out in the spring, will not hold good previserves in relation to the pruning of vines, after they ous to their putting out and after the sap is rising freely. I have known, says he, a gentleman to lose all he had by late pruning, and I have preserved some by a paste made of charcoal and tallow, rubbed firmly on the fresh cut. The charcoal should be finely pulverized before mixed. The revenue to the general government, accruing from the commerce of Boston, for twenty days, is stated to have been more than half a million of dollars. The duties on a single cargo from Havre amounted to $80,000!! It was not until the 2d April, that the Albany papers announced the letting in of the water throughout the whole line of the grand canal. There has five months! MEM. It is to be remarked, that the then been an interruption, we suppose, of nearly authority to make a rail-way from Schenectady to Albany, has not been exercised, and the impression is, that although the line of the rail-way would be not more than half the distance of the canal line between those points, nevertheless the rail-road would take nothing from the canal except passengers. 3. A premium of fifty dollars for the largest number of the best white mulberry trees, raised within twelve miles of this city, not less than four hundred; thirty dollars for the next greatest quantity, not less than three hundred; and twenty dollars for the next OIL AND COAL GAS.-At Edinburgh, says an greatest quantity, not less than two hundred. The trees to be of two years growth-and plant- English paper, coal gas, is manufactured at a total ed at about equal distances-say about twenty-five expense of 8s. per 1000 cubic feet, and sold for 12.; feet apart. oil gas costs 26s. per 1000 cubic feet in manufacturThe premiums for the mulberry trees to be claim-ing, valuing the oil at 2s per gallon. In 1824, the ed within three years from the second day of April, extent of gas pipe in and about London, exceeded 1828. BENJ. R. MORGAN, President. 900 miles. M. CAREY, Secretary. Doctor Joseph E. Muse, the scientific and His What must be the state of the publick taste and morals of a country where Editors of papers, who ought to be good judges of both, consult and gratify them by annunciations like this, from a late English journal? PEDIGREE OF YOUNG PAUL JONES. Young Paul Jones will cover mares this season, at the Elk-ridge Ferry, in Baltimore county, on the stage road from Baltimore to Alexandria, at eight dollars the season. He is a beautiful bay, fifteen hands high, with black mane, tail and legs, his bind feet white, and is five years old this spring. He was got by General Morgan's Paul Jones, whose pedigree is as follows: Old Paul Jones was got by Specimen, who was got by Old Fearnought, out of Jenny Dismal and full brother to Fitzhugh's Regu"THE FANCY AT FAULT.-The fight which was lus and Harris's Eclipse-his dam was got by Wild to have been decided on the Common near Shankey Deer (that was taken back to England, and covered Chapel, in the neighbourhood of Warrington, beat fifty guineas the season and ten guineas the sintween Stockman of the London ring, and Fisher of gle leap,) out of Delancie's old Cub Mare. Young We are much delighted to learn. by a letter Liverpool, for 25 sovs. aside, the former to give one Paul Jones's dam was got by Marius; Marius was from his father, that Mr. S. W Pomeroy, jr. who was stone, did not take place, in consequence of Fisher got by Selim, and his dam imported; his grand dam left with the boat's crew of the ship Star of Phila refusing to be weighed. There were about four was got by Old Silverheels, his great grand dam delphia, on a desolate island near Cape Horn, and thousand persons assembled, and the Pet of the was got by Colonel Carter's Crab, on a barb mare. was supposed to have perished, was taken off by the Fancy, Dick Curtis, and Young Dutch Sam, second Good pasturage may be had for mares at two shil-brig Alabama Packet, and all have safely arrived and bottle-holder to Stockman, were present; also lings and six pence per week, but will not be an- at Valparaiso. Mr. Pomeroy is one of the most es- Boscow, the butcher, and Magee, who were to have swerable for accidents or escapes. timable young men that our country can boast.-performed the same kind offices for Fisher. The What must have been the feelings of parents and motly crowd were determined not to be altogether sisters on the receipt of the joyful intelligence! disappointed, and therefore started several battles What inexpressible pleasure would it have afforded to amuse the company on the ground." even to have been the bearer of the glad tidings. February 28, 1794. SAMUEL NORWOOD. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 1828. Whilst many of our good friends are sending in, according to the terms of this paper, their subscription in advance, many others, no less friendly in disposition, forget to send what is due for the past. To all such we tender the sincere assurance, that to send what they owe, by an early mail at our risk, will at this time lay us under particular obligations; for the want of it, we cannot have executed the costly engravings with which we wish to illustrate various subjects in the current volume. We always prefer, if possible, to publish valuable essays entire, rather than divide them; hence we have inserted in this number the whole of the OBSERVATIONS ON THE SILK WORM, with which the publick has been favoured by Mr. W. B. Buchanan. It was the more necessary, too, to present it at once, to the exclusion of other communications, because the time will be at hand in some parts of the country, when this paper arrives, to commence the culture, by the plain and clear directions here given. It is not only for the matter of the essay, which will at this time be peculiarly acceptable, that we thank the writer, but we take leave to recommend the Wanted, to borrow, or get in exchange for manner and style of it-plain, direct, easily under-the American Farmer, DANIELS' RURAL SPORTS stood, and without a long circumlocutory preface; Any gentleman who has a copy that he is unwilling as worthy of example to those who write for prac- to dispose of, would lay us under an obligation by tical and general use. the loan of the above work. Mr. Lewis HILL, Collector for this office, will shortly call upon our subsoribers in North Carolina for the amounts due from them. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. The ship Fama, at Boston on Friday last, sailed on the 2d March, from the Cove of Cork, furnishing London dates to Tuesday, Feb. 26. The Cork Chronicle contains the Turkish manifesto, which was published at length in the Paris Moniteur of the 21st February. It appears from the various foreign journals, that though it leaves nothing for negotiation, it is not considered a declaration of war, but only a bold appeal to the Ottomans to prepare for war. "It distinctly avows, that from the first overture made by the allies to the Porte, to consent to the independence of Greece, the Porte was determined to resist such demand, and to risk the last extremity." Russia is the great object of the Turkish indignation. It is declared to have been her constant system to make war on the slightest pretexts, while England and France are spoken of as her dupes. The battle of Navarino, was viewed by the Turks as an infraction of treaties, and a virtual declaration of war. It is spoken of in the following terms: "The Ottoman and Egyptian squadrons, having entered the port of Navarino, were there tranquilly waiting the orders of the Sublime Porte, when the English, Russian and French fleets, which unexpectedly entered the same port, as friends, began to fire, all three together; and all the world knows the catastrophe which resulted therefrom to the Imperial squadron. The three Powers having thus openly broken the treaties and declared war, &c." The Sun says, a cabinet council met last night, at half past ten, and sat in deliberation till near one. Mr. Peel was twice sent for to the House of Com The fat ox which figured in the Carnival procession lately in Paris, weighed two thousand seven hundred pounds, [nett weight-supposed,] and was five feet nine inches in height. It was sent, along PEDIGREE: Brilliant was got by Timoleon, who was got by Mr. John Tayloe's fine running horse Grey DioMedley by Gimcrack. Sire of Medley was got by med, who was got by the old imported horse Medley: Cripple, his dam a Partner mare; got by Griswood's Betty, [see general stud-book, page 288,] and Cripple Partner, Bloody Buttocks, Greyhound, Brocklesby's celebrated mare Bonny Lass, now in the possession of by Lord Godolphin's Arabian. Timoleon's dam is the Mr. Wm. McCormick, of Frederick county, which may be ranked among the first blood on the continent, For in as there are none of her colts but that run. stance, see a half sister of Timoleon win the first day's Jockey Club at Charlestown, also at Shepherdstown, the old mare's blood may be seen in the certificate (in the possession of the subscriber,) signed by Benjamin Lowndes, Esq., Bladensburg. Brilliant's dam, Caroline, was got by Marshall; he was gotten by the imported horse Spread Eagle; his dam Virginia Nell, by mons to attend it. The Morning Chronicle states that there was a good deal of conjecture as to the object of the cabinet council to which Mr. Peel was called, at a late hour. We have heard rumours on with eleven others of nearly the same size and the imported horse High Flyer; her dam by Mr. Bay-the subject to which we dare not advert." Despatches had been received from the British Charge d'Affairs at St. Petersburgh, immediately after which a cabinet council has been convened. "There are rumours of a desire expressed by the Russian government, to advance with an army into Turkey, that the French government is willing to consent to this step, but the English government opposes it. It was reported in London, February 26, that Prince Polignac, the French Ambassador, had arrived in that city, and that the order for his departure from Paris was so sudden, that instead of attending an evening party, as he was preparing to do, he ordered his carriage, and proceeded at ten o'clock for London. Among the speculations in London respecting the course that ministers would be likely to adopt in the affairs of Turkey, the favourite one was, that they neither would, nor could, in the spirit of the Greek treaty, countenance the advance of the Russian troops, and that they would take a firm position respecting it, relying on the want of means for Russia to act unsupported. MAMMOTH OX COLUMBUS, Weighing nearly 4000 lbs. PROBABLY THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD, Will be exhibited, for a short time, in Second street, near the Marsh market. This animal was bred in the town of Greenland, state of New Hampshire, and was seven years old last June. He has been exhibited in all the principal cities from Maine to Virginia, and has been viewed by more than 60,000 persons; he is as much admired for his symmetry of form and beautiful colour, as for his extraordinary size. It is the opinion of good judges, that he may be made to weigh one thousand pounds more than he now does. weight, from Caen, in Normandy. IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY. GEORGE CHICHESTER. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. lor's Gallant; her grandam by the imported horse Brunswick; her great grandam by the imported horse Ranter; her g. g. grandam by the imported horse Dabs ter; her g. g. g. grandam by Col. Prestley Thornton's imported Roan. Gallant was gotten by the imported The subscriber would inform his friends and the pub-horse Fearnought; his dam, Stately, by the imported lic generally, that he will be supplied this season with horse Sober John, out of an imported mare called the Little's celebrated Grain Cradles, from Pennsylvania, Strawberry. which will be warranted equal to any in use. Also, on hand, Corn and Tobacco Cultivators, of superior quality; Davis' patent Ploughs; Swingletrees; Cornshellers; Washing Machines; Caststeel Axes; Picks; Grubbing Hoes; Mattocks; Hay Knives; Spades and Shovels; Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward I. Willson, Grass Scythes. Likewise, as usual, his Cylindrical Commission Merchant and Planters' Agent, Straw Cutters, and Brown's Vertical Wool SpinnersNo. 4, Boroly'a wharf. all of which will be sold at reasonable prices for cash. TOBACCO.--Scrubs, $3.00 a 6.00-ordinary, 2.00 a 3.00 All communications by mail (post paid,) will be-red, 3.50 a 4.50-fine red, 4.50 a 5.50-wrapping, promptly attended to 5.00 a 9.00-Ohio ordinary, 3.50 a 4.50-good red spangled, 5.00 a 6.00-yellow, 6.00 a 9.00-fine yellow, 10.00 a 15.00-Virginia, 2.50 a 8.00-Rapahannock 2.75 a 3.00 Kentucky, 3.00 a 5.00. JONATHAN S. EASTMAN, Barr, Auchincloss & Co. New York. FLOUR-white wheat family, $6.00 a 6.25-superfine Howard-st. 4.50 a 4.623; city mills, 4.50; Susquehanna, 4.50-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.50-GRAIN, best red wheat .80 a.86-best white wheat, .95 a 1.00-ordiny, tolgood, .75 a .80--CORN, .37 a .39-RYE, 42 a .44—OATS, 21 a.23 -BEANS, .80 a 1.00-PEAS, .55 a .60-CLOVER seed, 3.75 a 4.00-TIMOTHY, 2.50 a 2.75-BARLEY, .60 a .62— FLAXSEED,.75 a .80—COTTON, Virginia, .9 a .94—Louisiana, .10 a 13-Alabama, .9 a .12-Mississippi, .10 a FARMS TO BE LEASED, ON NEW TERMS..13-N. Carolina, .9 a. 101-Georgia, .9 a.10-WHIS. The subscriber offers to lease, for the next ensuing year, or many years, several valuable FARMS, of various sizes, situated on the Transquakin river, about eight miles from Cambridge. He takes this early occasion to make known his intentions, that tenants may have full time to adopt, upon deliberate reflection and digestion, his scheme of terms, which is unusual, yet plain, and of cheap and easy practice, and unquestionably secure and productive; rendering the tenant more independent, more wealthy, and more permanent in his establishment; and necessarily offering the strongest incentives to personal energy and enterprise. The subscriber has room here, only to say, that the outline of his scheme is, to diversify the crops largely; to cultivate much in a little; to take shares; and if required, to supply a part of the expenses; and to make a lease obligatory upon himself for a long term, yet to be dissolved by the tenant at the end of either year of the term, upon his (the tenant) giving a certain specified previous notice to the subscriber, of his intention to quit. Tenants of good repute may establish themselves for life, and their posterity also, by accepting, without delay, this liberal offer. JOSEPH E. MUSE. N. B. The cotton crop, though anxiously desired, will His immense dimensions are given in the following mea-not be insisted on, as one of the rotation. feet. inches. Many English gentlemen who have seen the celebrated Durham ox, give Columbus the decided preference, and all pronounce him the most noble and extraordinary animal ever exhibited. March 29, 1828. BRILLIANT. J. E. M. The beautiful and high-bred horse BRILLIANT, Will stand this season at the subscriber's stable, near Fairfax Court-house, Virginia, and let to mares at the low price of five dollars in the season, seven out, and ten to insure a mare. Season to commence the 1st April, and end the 1st July. KEY, in hhds. 1st proof, .22-in barrels, .24-WOOL, common, unwashed, .15 a.16-washed, .18 a .20-three quarter, .25 a .30-full do. .30 a .35—HEMP, Russia, ton, $280-Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-waterrotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. 6.50 a 7.00; do. do. trimmed, 7.50-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 3.25 a 3.50; No. 2, 2.75-Mackerel, No. 1, 5.621; No. 2, 5.374; No. 3, 4.50-BACON, hams, Balt. cured, .9; do. Eastern Shore, .124-hog round, cured, 6 a .7Feathers, .26 a .28-Plaster Paris, cargo price per ton, $3.25; ground, 1.25 per bbl. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Observations on the Culture of the Silk Worm, founded on experiments the last season, by W. B. Buchanan, of Warren-Extracts from late English papers, On Agriculture, Trade, &c.-The Potato, increased cultivation recommended, with remarks on the value of an acre and the manufacture of the Fibre and Farina into bread, by Sir John Sinclair-Salt added to Dung for ManureRemarks on the Cotton Trade-Sheep and Wool-Improved breed of Cattle in Pennsylvania-Cotton Seed Whiskey-Valuable Manure from Gas-works-Information to Manufacturers-To Destroy Weevil among Grain -Cotton Seed-Form of construction of an Improved Bee-hive-Tide Mills at Easton, Md.-Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-road Stock-Draught of a horse on a Rail-way-Trade on Canals in Pennsylvania-Rates of Tolls in England, on Canals-Poetry, Woman-Thoughts on Female Education-Trotting Match-Walking-Pootry, Life's Chase-Blood Hounds-Pedigree of Young Paul Jones-Editorial-Premiums offered by the Penn. Soc. for the Promotion of the Culture of the Mulberry and the Raising of Silk-Advertisements-Prices. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tov, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts. No. 5.-VOL. 10.] AGRICULTURE. (From the Selma Courier.) AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, APRIL 18, 1828. Copy of a letter addressed to Robert R. Harwell, Esq. 33 was planted on the 15th of March last-from mis-only regret it if you do not. Suppose you plant information too shallow and too thick, or close. one acre the ensuing season; next you will plant The ground was cleared in 1812, and never ma- five, and the year after twenty-five, the work of six nured; was broken up and planted in drills, cane hands; but if you have twelve hands, which is matured to cut early in November. Mr. Shields have fifty acres of cane, laid laterally; after planting it was not ploughed, nearer your force, I would advise you to get seed but chopped over twice. The cane was sufficiently to plant two acres this season, and in 1830 you will Dear Sir, I returned last night from Attakapas, teen stalks from one single eye, or joint, and from worth 7 cents per lb.-$7000 to $10,000; and this after an absence since early in May last, west of ten to eighteen joints on each stalk. From the pro- would be the easiest work you ever did. You can tells me he has counted and cut as many as four-your works, and make sugar-100 or 150 hogsheads the Mississippi, for Arkansas and Louisiana. Having duct of this little spot, he has planted at least two go on with cotton or other business till you raise and can in that year begin passed some time at the house of a friend and re-acres. From the uncommonly warm weather, it is a stock of cane, with little hindrance on that aclative in Attakapas, I had the best opportunity of now coming up; that is, sprouts from the stubble, count. I will now mention something of the works seeing the process of manufacturing sugar, and the or rattoon, as the sugar planters call it. cultivation of the cane, and was much delighted seen a few stalks of this cane, that are within a few long letter. with it. Those who are engaged in this business paces from whence I write, which were left standare thriving, and the value of their lands constantly ing to see the effect which frost might have on it, than they can manufacture. I have and process of manufacturing, and conclude this improving. In confirmation of this, there have and to give to friends. I have examined it closely, much cane as your force can save, it is time to bebeen in Attakapas three hundred additional sugar and believe it equal to any ribband cane I ever saw gin the works. A mill to grind, consisting of three works erected. From those circumstances, I de-in Louisiana. It is easy to cultivate more cane in Attakapas, termined to advise my friends and acquaintances, and endeavour to urge them to the culture of the pas, for seed, as it stands in the field, at 200 dolls. | fitted on timber, and set one end in a trough touchWhen you have as sugar cane, and that without delay. Had I not per acre. The ribband cane is greatly preferred, ing each other: The middle roller extends high The ribband cane is sold this season at Attaka- three feet long, the iron one inch thick; these are heard you were from home, I should have called on every where, to the creole, or any other kind. It is enough to fasten to a shaft like a cotton screw, and cast iron cylinders, fifteen inches diameter, and you to-day. As you have fine lands for the bu-larger, and makes from three to four hogsheads per turns the other two rollers with cogs. siness, I am sure you will profit by information acre, grows farther north, and matures at least one more mules will turn it, and it is fed with six or on the subject. It is only necessary to have cor- month earlier. It is smooth, without those annoy-eight stalks at once, which are pressed flat, joints rect information, to induce every one living south of ing prickles on the leaves of the creole cane, and is and all, and the juice runs in a constant stream to latitude 33, who have good lands, or who can get not injured so much as the latter, by being blown a reservoir convenient to the kettles. Four kettles them, to make sugar. The business is healthy, the down by storms, as it will ripen after it has fallen are generally used, of a size to suit the business, as Two or labour far less than in the cotton crop, and can be on the ground. All are trying to get the ribband it is found that the same furnace will heat four as as easily cultivated as corn after it is planted. The cane for seed. As I believe this to be a most im- well as one. crop is finished early in June, like corn, and you portant subject, and the culture to be the most like-like a bowl or basin, generally five or six feet across have leisure during the heat of summer, and till to promote the interest and prosperity of the the top. October or November, when they begin to cut, southern part of the United States, and is so little grind and boil. This last takes four weeks or more, understood, I give such details of the culture and The kettles are of cast iron, shaped and is viewed rather as a frolic desired by the hands manufacture of sugar, as my opportunity and time than dreaded. There is a great error in the public will permit. opinion, where they are unacquainted, that it takes a large capital and a great number of hands to make sugar. A man last season in Lafourche, with the assistance of two little sons, ten and eleven years of age, and a negro girl about the same age, made sugar which he sold for $2250, clear of all expenses; but, as is customary, there are some help to cut, grind and boil, (which has to be carried on all at once, to keep the juice from souring,) and the molasses more than paid expenses. The same man made the rollers, to grind, of live oak, and his whole expense, besides the kettles, did not exceed thirty dollars. placed over a brick furnace, the largest first, into which the juice is put to skim; the least, or last, The set is one much less than the other; they are such as where the common cane grows. is wet, or subject to inundation, it should be leveed heater; here they put about half a pint of slacked The cane should be planted in a rich, dry soil, and emptied into the grand. called the grand or grainer. They are twice filled and ditched, to keep it dry. If the land has been lime, each time it is filled up with juice. This is cultivated in corn or cotton a year or two, the bet-all the process of graining or liming it; when they If the soil ter; though worn out land is not good. It is plough-perceive the syrup in the ungrainer is boiled The first, or largest, is called the battery, or ed deep in the fall or winter, and prepared as for by raising it on the bucket, two persons dip it hasticotton-drills three or four feet apart. Some plant ly out with long handled buckets, and immediately the cane as they cut it in the fall, and cover it deep, fill it by emptying the other kettles, to keep it from (six or eight inches,) and remove the earth in the burning. Each kettle from the first is placed a spring, or in February, before it comes up; most little higher than the other, to skim off the froth enough, persons prefer February. The seed cane is cut be- or sap, into the first with a long wooden sword, Two brothers, this season, in Attakapas, with They are put up in a kind of stack, with the buts sugar depends on skimming and keeping it from their own labour, (being opposed to slave labour,) of the stalks to the ground, and the tops leaning burning as much as the grain or liming. When the fore frost, as the eyes are easily injured by frost. and wipe it with a brush. The whiteness of the made 20 acres of creole cane, which will make 36 together till it spreads twenty or thirty feet wide, syrup is dipped out of the grainer, it is conveyed or 40 hogsheads of sugar. They were entirely and the outsides are covered with earth as far as into an adjoining room into vats or troughs, where done grinding when I left there, and I understand the stalks are naked of leaves. When it is plant- it cools and becomes hard. It is then spaded up they will overpay for help to harvest, with the mo-ed, the stalks are laid singly along the furrow, and and put into hogsheads, setting one end over a vat, lasses. Their profit will amount at least to $2500. capped as far as the leaves extend beyond the joint. into which the molasses drains out of the sugar; But these are particular cases: one hand can and The stalks are about three feet long, of which 70 some stalks of cane are put into the hogshead, to does, in ordinary cases, cultivate four acres with will plant a row across an acre, and 70 drills to the lead the molasses. They have greatly improved lateease, besides corn and other necessaries. One acre acre is 4900 stalks to the acre. of good creole cane will make two hogsheads of scarce, and you wish to raise seed only, it is plant-specimens this season ever made. I will mention sugar of 1000 lbs. each, which at 7 cents per lb. is ed further apart, (five or six feet.) Sometimes they that it is the practice to employ persons acquainted worth $140. Four acres, 8000 lbs.-560 dollars. cut the stalks in two between each joint, and plant with the business, to superintend the erection of When seed isly in Attakapas in graining sugar; they have the best From the best information I could get, 500 dollars the eyes or joints twelve or eighteen inches apart. the work, and to manage it the first season. to the hand is the common product. As to the suc-One acre will plant five or more. cess of the cane in this part, it is beyond doubt. I saw cane of three kinds, viz: the Ribband, the Cre- and is not injured by spring frosts, as it does not ole, and the Owhyhee, well matured in Sept., at begin to joint till May; as soon as it gets up high The cane is a hardier plant than corn or cotton, way, on moderate terms. are plenty of persons anxious for employment that There Judge Bry's, in Onachita, in latitude 32° 30. It has enough, it must be scraped and weeded like cotton matured, wherever tried, south of latitude 33°, from with the hoe. It is not thinned. It soon gets large South Carolina to Louisiana. Since at this place I enough, when it shades the ground and defies the have seen a fair sample of the ribband cane on the weeds, and becomes the most luxuriant crop befarm of Samuel B. Shields, Esq. on the bank of the fore fall that I ever beheld. Tombeckbe, within fifty paces of the federal road feet apart, become so thick as to be difficult to get from Washington to New Orleans. The seed or through. In June it is laid by, or ceased working, stalk, from which this cane grew, Mr. Shields tells as corn, and you are at leisure during the summer The rows, three me, were sent to him by his now deceased brother, heat, till October. If you could get seed to plant Thomas Shields, from New Orleans. There were one or more acres this winter from the Mississippi, three flour barrels of the slips of the seed cane. No. 5.-VOL. 10. It I would advise you to do so without fail; you will season, to learn: All depends upon getting one ac- which this important matter is stated. who could make sugar, would commence and quit |