DAMASK TABLE LINEN.-Mr. Hamilton Stewart, of Pittsburg, has commenced the manufacture of Damask Table Linen; the Statesman of that city observes, that "the Table Cloths are extremely neat, and what is of equal importance, they are very cheap, and of a texture that will insure service and durability. In weaving the cloth, the threads are so arranged and managed, that almost any figure, name, or letters, can be made to appear in full view upon the surface." GAS SPRING.-A spot has been discovered in the hill side, near the Universalist church, in the village of Utica, New-York, from which issues constantly a considerable volume of inflammable gas, which appears to be pure carburetted hydrogen. It burns with great intensity, and affords a very brillant light. The deeper the cut the greater the quantity of gas evolved is said to be. my own case: THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1829. The Editor of the American Farmer feels justified in assuring his patrons, that henceforth they will be even more fully and exactly than heretofore, supplied with the latest news and information from abroad and at home, relative to the prices of our great staple products. As many of his readers send their produce to other markets than that of Baltimore, the latest accounts of the state of the market in our principal cities will be given with the greatest care, and from the best sources. a the 28 December, Liverpool to 30th November, and Paris to 2d December. There is not a word of important news, contained in the whole mass of foreign papers, that have reached this country by these arrivals, if we except that in relation to the Flour and Grain Markets. Nothing had occurred between the Russian and Turkish armies. The Turks were preparing for a winter campaign; the Emperor Nicholas, had returned to St. Petersburgh, and the Empress mother had deceased. The British Ports were opened to the importation of Foreign Flour and Grain, at a duty of one shilling per quarter, (8 bushels.) The duty on a bushel of Wheat, is a trifle less than 3 cents, and that on a barrel of flour about 134 cents. He takes the occasion to add, under a sense of LONDON, Dec. 1. Evening-The average price of particular gratification, that the demand for the American Farmer, within a few months past, has wheat has at length reached that point at which it been more than usually flattering as to the number may be imported, or taken out of bond, at a duty and character of the new subscribers. He trusts of is. per quarter. The quantity of foreign wheat the encouragement thus afforded will be seen by its thrown upon the market in consequence is variously proper effect on the character of the work; and in stated at from 3 to 500,000 quarters; a reaction has the confidence of that, he solicits his patrons, new consequently occurred, yet not in any violent deand old, to use their influence to extend its circula- gree; it has principally affected old wheat, as might tion in their respective neighbourhoods. Wherever have been expected. The importations into the port gentleman can recommend an agent who may be of London alone have exceeded 100,000 quarters relied on for punctuality, and who will make a busi- within the last month; and it is probable that every ness of getting subscribers, a commission will be exertion will be made to import us much as possible, allowed that will very liberally remunerate him for before the Baltic is closed for the winter. Now his trouble, and in some parts of the country, even therefore, is the time to watch the operation of our make it an object worthy of exclusive attention. new Corn Law in regulating prices, and to acquire It is no compliment to himself, but one which is due some idea of the supply with which the Continent exclusively to the Editor's correspondents, to say, may be able to furnish us. In the mean time, if the that those who promote subscriptions to the Ame-introduction of 4 or 500,000 quarters does not marican Farmer, render a lasting service to the inte- terially depress our market, there will be little reason rests and character of American agriculture. to expect that prices will be low during the year. Farther, if the whole of the foreign supply, added to our own growth, shall amount to about our avewill have much reason to complain of the operation rage consumption, neither growers nor consumers of our present Corn Law, for a quantity nearly equal to our usual wants must be procured, if possible, under any system; and more than our regular consumption the consumer has no title to require. The Committee on the Post Offices and Post Cure for a Cold.-Take a teaspoonful of flax-seed, with two penny worth of stick liquorice, and a quarter of a pound of sun raisins. Put them into two THE FLOUR AND GRAIN MARKET.-The late quarts of soft water; and let it simmer over a slow foreign news has had the effect of suspending operfire, till it is reduced to one; then add to it a quar-ations during the principal part of the week. Sales ter of a pound of brown sugar candy, pounded-a of between two and three thousand barrels of Flour table spoonful of white wine vinegar or lemon juice. were made, on Wednesday, at about $8.50, for Note. The vinegar is best to be added only to Howard street, and $8.25, for wharf. Good red that quantity you are going immediately to take; wheat, was sold on the same day at $1.80. The for if it be put into the whole, it is liable in a little price of Flour however, is very unsettled. time to grow flat. Directions.-Drink half a pint at going to bed, and take a little when the cough is troublesome. This recipe generally cures the worst of colds in two or three days, and if taken in time may be said to be almost an infallible remedy. It is a sovereign balsamic cordial for the lungs, without the opening qualities, which endanger fresh colds on going out. It has been known to cure colds, that have almost been settled into consumption, in less than three weeks. The preparation is a tea spoonful of vinegar to half a pint of the medicine. Prescription againt Dyspepsia and Hypochondria. TRANSLATED FROM THE SPANISH. An honest and a temperate life, Amusement take, and exercise, Dec. 1.-Our market during the past week, as well as this morning, was well supplied with English Wheat, and most abundantly so with foreign. We had a good many country buyers up to day, and there was more life in the trade than we have experienced for several days, and fine quality of our own growth fully maintained last week's quotations, REVOLUTION IN MEXICO.-By the schooner whilst that from abroad obtained an advance of from Shamrock, from Tampico, information is received 1s. to 2s. per quarter. English Wheat-Essex, of a revolution having taken place in the govern- Kent, and Suffolk, white, old, 80 a 90s; do. new, 65 ment of Mexico. On the 30th November, a re- a 80; red, 70 a 82s; do. new, 55 a 70s.; Norfolk, giment of artillery, and one or two of militia, re- &c. old, 78 a 88s.; do. new, 65 a 80s.; red, 55 a 70s., volted; and on the 1st of December, an action be- Berwick and Scotch, 70, a 80s.; do. new, 55 a 70s., gan between them and the government troops, Rye, 34 a 40s.; Flour, per sack, 70 a 75s. Foreign which continued till night. The fight was renewed Wheat-Dantzic. 76 a 90s.; Brabant, 66 a 82s.; Poon the 2d, and continued till the 4th in the after- meranian, 68 a 82s.; Hamburg, 67 a 82s.; Petersnoon, when the rebels got possession of the palace burg, 64 a 70s.; Rye, 32 a 39s.; Indian Corn, 34 a and all the convents. From three to five millions 40s.; Flour, Canada, per bbl. 48 a 54s.; Dantzic, of property was then taken by the canaille and do. 50 a 56s. victorious soldiers, from the Parian and Portales, Dec. 2.-We are happy to find from the Ger- sult is doubtful. ITEMS OF LATEST FOREIGN NEWS. that may arrive for several weeks, has tended further to reduce the prices of all free Grain; wheat is 2d to 3d. and Oats fully 1d. per bushel below the quotations of the previous week; some parcels of the former were a day or two ago forced at a greater decline, but at this morning's market there was rather more confidence, and the best wheats were saleable at our quotations. fully is. cheaper. Indian Corn has also at a similar abatement. Irish new stant, has been sold at 42s a 425 6d per B. We Tobacco Cultivators; Patent Corn Shellers; Wheat Nov. 25.-Our supplies of Grain, &c. from Ireland and coastways were very large during the past week, but we had little Foreign, and nothing from Canada. At our Corn Exchange to-day, there was a fair attendance of the town and country dealers looking after Foreign wheat, but the sales were inconsiderable; for Irish there was also a good inquiry, and the show of samples being small, an advance of 1d to 2d per 70lbs. on best, though only to a limited extent, the sales being in retail. Indian Corn firm. The transactions in Meal and Flour were only to a moderate extent at the prices quoted. Wheat, English White per 70 lbs. 10s 6d to 11s 6d; do Red, 10s to 11s 3d; Scotch, Welsh, and Manx, 10s to 11s 6d; Irish White, 10s 6d to 11s.; Irish Red, 9s to 11s; Foreign, 10s. to 11s; Flour, English and Irish, per 280 lbs. 56s to 60s.; Indian Corn, per 480 lbs. 388 to 42s.; Rye, per imperial quarter, 38s to 40s. Nov. 24.-Cotton.-The sales of Cotton last week are confined to 8350 bags, and the prices generally have declined 3d per lb. The sales of Cotton on Saturday and to day amount to about 2,500 bags for the two days. The market has been rather dull, but prices are not lower to-day. Sales from the 15th to the 22d November, 8358 bags, including-Sea Island, 110 bags, at 14d to 154d per lb.; do stained, 110 at 64 to 12d; Upland, 4120 at 5 to 7d; 170 at 7 1-8d; Orleans, 980 at 61d to 8d; 30 at 8 3 8d to 9d; Alabama 980 at 6d to 7d. Total import for the same period, 14,253 bags. Ashes-United States, Pot, 30 brls. at 33s 3d per cwt.; Montreal Pot, 230 do at 32s 6d to 34s per cwt; Montreal Pearl, 400 do (old) price not given; 30 do (new) at 33s 6d per cwt. LONDON, Nov. 25. TOBACCO.-There has been great briskness in Tobacco; the sales for the week ending this day, we estimate at above 1,000 hhds., of which about 700 hhds. were taken for Spain; the other purchases are chiefly on speculation, on account of the very depressed prices and short supplies. Liverpool, Nov. 30-Our Cotton market continues very flat, and the sales this day amount to only 1,000 bags, at the currency of this day's circular. STILL LATER NEWS. Orders received for Fruit Trees from Gray's Nursery. All orders received by mail (post paid,) will reJONA. S. EASTMAN, ceive due attention. No. 36 Pratt-st., opposite Marriott & Warfield's hotel. 1829. JANUARY. ALMANAC. Saturday,..... 24 The last mails bring intelligence from Liverpool, Sunday, gene ral the case at the close of the year, when money be 66 66 66 Imported from the U. S. in 1827, 630925 bales. 1828, 416793 do. being import from all parts, into the kingdom-1827, 846,025 bales; 1828, 690,777 do.; being a decrease from all parts of 155,248 bales into the kingdom to November 30. a decrease from the U. S. of 219182 bales. Total Upland, 5 7-8 to 7 3-8d. Alabama, 6 7-8 to 7 1-4d. Orleans, 6 1-2 to 8 1-2d." Wednesday,.. 28 BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Dec. 4, 1828. The sales of the week are 7,000 bags; prices have had a further decline of 1-8d. per lb. The importa.50 lb.-BARLEY, .55 a 60-FLAXSEED, 1.00-Coris 6,000 bags, namely, 1,400 Americans, and 4,600 Brazil. Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward J. Willson & Co., Commission Merchants and Planters' Agents. TOBACCO.--Maryland, Scrubs, ground leafs, $5.00 a 10.00-seconds, ordinary, 3.50 a 4.50-red, 4.50 a 6.50 →fine red, 6.00 a 8.00, for wrapping-Ohio, common, 5.00 a 8.50-good red, 6.00 a 8.00-yellow, 10.00 a 16.00-Rappahannock, 2.50 a 3.50-Kentucky, common 3.50 a 5.00-wrapping, 4.00 a 6.00. Howard-st. (sales) 8.50; city mills, 8.00 a 8.25; SusqueFLOUR-white wheat family, $10.00 a 10.50-super. hanna, 8.00-CORN MEAL, per bbl. 2.75-GRAIN, best red wheat, 1.70 a 1.80-best white wheat, 1.80 a 2.00ordinary to good, 1.50 a 1.70-CORN, old, .48-new corn, .46 a .48-in ear, per bbl. 2.25-RYE, bush. .50 a .55-OATS bush. .26 a .28-BEANS 1.25-PEAS.55 a .60— CLOVER SEED, 4.50 a 5.00-TIMOTHY, 1.50 a 1.75-ORCHARD GRASS 2.25 a 2.50-Herd's, .75 a 1.00-Lucerne 371 TON, Virginia, .10 a .11-Lou. .13-Alabama, .10.11 Nov. 21.-The Cotton market has continued lan Mississippi.11 a .13-North Carolina, .10 a.11-Geor guid and uninteresting all the week. The purchaLIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE, Dec. 2, 1828. gia, .9 a.12-WHISKEY, hhds. 1st pf. .24-in bbls. .25 a ses by private contract are trivial, and without the During the past week there was only a moderate 254-WooL, common, unwashed, lb. .15 a .16-washslightest alteration in price. 300 Surat, at 3 3-4d supply of Grain, but we experienced a very limited ed, .18 a 20-crossed, .20 a .22-three-quarter,.25 a to 4 3-4; 20 Madras, at 5 1-4; 80 Bowed, at 5 3-4d demand, either in this or the neighboring markets..30-full do..30.50, accord❜g to qual.-HEMP, Russia, to 6 1-4. The East India Company sale of Cotton The few sales of Wheat and Oats made in the rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. ton, $225 & 230; Country, dew-rotted, 136 a 140-waterto-day was but thinly attended; the Bengals, which course of the week, were hardly on as good terms 5.75; do. trimmed, 6.50-North Carolina, No. 1, 6.25 were put up at 4d in August last, and refused at an advance, were now brought forward at the very re-in the trade participated in the depression. Of the kerel, No. 1, 6.00; No. 2, 5.25; No. 3, 4.25-BACON, as our last currency, and almost every other article a 6.50-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.871; No. 2, 2.62-Macduced taxation of 3 1-2d, they opened at 3 3 4, and hams, Baltimore cured, new, .9 a 10; old, 11; do. E. the competition becoming animated, they gradually Shore, .124-hog round, cured, .7 a .8-Pork, 4.50 a reached 3 7-8 and 4d. leaving off at the latter price. 5.50-Feathers, .32-Plaster Paris, cargo price pr ton, The decline is 1-8d to 1 4, and on Surats, (which 3.621 a 4.25-ground, 1.25 bbl.; grass fed prime Beef, went off steadily,) 1-8d per lb. on previous currency; 2,700 Bengal sold at 4d, middling and stain3.50 a 5.00. ed (company's cotton;; 1266 Surat, at 4d to 4 1-4d very middling to middling fair, and 70 do. at 4 7-8 to 5d good Madras, 4 1-2d, good fair; and 800 Surat, bought in 4 3-8d, and 1-2 middling fair. Nov. 25.-The Company's sale of Friday last was very limited, although at a decline of 1-8d; 2,704 bales of Company's Bengal, taxed at 34d, were sold from 34d to 4 1-8, principally at 4d, and this price has been since paid for the few lots ob tained at 3 3-4d. Of 2,127 bales Surat 1180 have been sold; good, from 4 7-8d to 4d, middling, 4 1-3d to 4 S-8d, also 70 bales Madras good middling, 44d, beyond this sale the transactions have been very trifling. Liverpool, 28th Nov.-To-day about 1800 barrels turpentine of fair quality have brought 11s 6d per C. a good price, and yielding a fair profit. Nothing extraordinary done in ashes this week, and a major part of the flour offered by auction 25th in released foreign grain very little is offering: some CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. and country dealers to this day's market, who MANUFACTORY OF AGRICULTURAL IM PLEMENTS GENERALLY. ment of Cart, Wagon, and Farm Horses, from Loudon's Encyclopædia of Agriculture-Large Indian Corn raised by Daniel Jenifer-On Shifting Cattle-Population of Great Britian, and relative ratio of increase-Specimen of Alliteration, Poetry, The Siege of BelgradeThe subscriber has on hand, ready for sale, a supply Wise answer of a step-child-Pedigree of the Celebraof his CYLINDRICAL STRAW CUTTERS, a machine he be- ted Horse Virginian-Fox Hounds, On the naming, lieves to be superior to any other in the world for that size, Colour, &c.-Example of losses, all for want of a purpose. Brown's VERTICAL WOOL SPINNER, a very Latch-Damask Table Linen manufactured in Pittsuseful and simple machine for private family use, per- burg-Gas Spring tica. New York-Epitaph-EdiGideon Davis' PATENT PLOUGHS; the superiority of these haps not equalled by any other. A full assortment of torial-Flour Market-Latest Foreign News-Prices. over all other ploughs is so generally known, that to Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for speak of their merit is unnecessary. A general assort- JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner ment of highly improved Barshare Ploughs; Corn and of St. Paul and Market streets. No. 46.-VOL. 10.] AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, JANUARY 30, 1829. (From the Southern Agriculturist.) ON THE RAISING OF SHEEP AND MULES To the Citizens of Kershaw District: $1500 Camden, October 18, 1827. 361 THE COMMITTEE. duce practice; and it is earnestly recommended, as out them,) and it is therefore recommended by their Total, Produce 300 sheep at $1.50 It has become the duty of the Committee, under the resolutions adopted at the Anti-Tariff meeting of this district, to point out and recommend such investment of capital, and economy of the means of the agricultural classes they think judicious; and, as one that may be entered into profitably with least change of their present pursuits, as requiring the use of little other capital than labour, and as peculiarly adapted to the general condition of the farming interests of this district, they recommend the raising of sheep. They may be procured in Or, 300 sheep butchered, at $2, any numbers, at low prices. Our Sand Hill wood-3000 weight of wool, at 20 cents, land pastures are abundantly provided with suitable 300 skins, at 25 cents, herbage, (the sheep more than any other domestic animal living on herbs and buds,) where they may remain till near Christmas-then kept at or near home, and fed, in severe weather only, on peas in Total, Total, 75 25 J. S. SKINNER, Esq. 450 600 75 INDIAN CORN. Sir, I discover in the American Farmer, No. 75 42, that Mr. A. Upshur, of Accomac county, Virgi 150 nia, has made some remarks concerning a stalk of corn which grew on my land the last year. He ap$1825 pears to estimate in his remarks that a stalk of corn cannot attain the height of 16 feet 4 inches, and be fruitful. I do not recollect at this time the size and dimensions of the ear which grew on the stalk, but I am confident that there was a good large ear of $1050 corn, which was very little inferior, in point of size, to that of Mr. Upshur's. I discover that Mr. Upshur has challenged the states of Maryland and 600 Virginia to produce a larger ear of corn than the one which he has deposited in the office of the American Farmer, for public inspection. As you $1275 are made umpire, I have three ears of corn which will surpass the one he mentions with all ease.Subject to a deduction for taking to market, The largest ear contains 28 rows around its surface, the haum or shattered fodder. They may again killing, selling, &c. Making all allowances for the 48 grains deep, and is 10 inches in circumference; be returned to the woodland pastures, by the mid-difference between the calculations of the pen and which makes 1344 grains. The second ear contains dle of March, or as soon as the earliest vegetation the facts on the farm, it would still be profitable. 32 rows and 38 grains deep; which makes 1216 puts forth in the spring. The peas in the haum There are thousands of acres of land to be pro- grains. The third ear contains 20 rows and 60 necessary to make one bushel of shelled peas is be-cured at twenty-five cents the acre, and even that grains deep; which makes 1200 grains. I must aclieved, in common winters, to be equal to the sup-expense is not necessary. There will be sufficient knowledge that Mr. Upshur's ear is very respectaport of eight or ten sheep; and it is very certain lying waste, for many years, for all the purposes ble; but I do assure him that it is very common to there are many flocks that maintain themselves of those who may raise stocks. see ears of corn which are much larger than the throughout the winters, without any food but such The next subject to which your attention is called, one he mentions, in my crop of corn. The ears as they procure themselves. The ordinary cover-is to the raising of mules-a subject of some im- which I have described were selected from my crib ings in the farm yards are generally sufficient, but portance, if you take into consideration the fact, after I saw the letter of Mr. Upshur. This kind of if not, low forks covered with rails in the form usual that this district pays annually in money alone, be- corn is not generally cultivated in this section of for potato houses, or houses made with corn tops, tween five and seven thousand dollars for mules, country. It was first introduced here by my broas is common among us, would answer well. A horses and hogs: that the Western states trade, ther, George W. Jeffreys. A spoonful of the seed rye lot is indispensable for the ewes and lambs, and with this state, annually, exceeding one and a half was sent to him by the late Col. J. Taylor, of Caroan acre of good rye would be sufficient for eight or million of dollars, is chiefly in mules, horses and line county, Virginia, and he had a very exalted ten ewes. The calculation each person will make, hogs; a trade more advantageous and more valua opinion of it, on account of its great size and prowhere very poor land is planted. A good rye lot ble to them, (as it gives a profit to the raiser of duct. It has a remarkably large cob; and it is should be seeded in September; October or No- every mule, horse or hog, and is, therefore, divided generally admitted by all those that ever cultivated vember will do. Strong land should have two among the indigent,) than the profits that are gain-it, that it will yield more to the acre than any corn bushels to the acre. Sheep are best on upland ed by the few concerned in the culture and manu- ever cultivated in this section of country. I am of pastures; and the rot soon yields by changing them facture of hemp and bagging, but very little of the opinion it will not suit a more northern climate. from wet swamp to dry uplands, and feeding on which has been seen in this district since the late When it was first introduced into this section of fodder, peas haums, &c. The greatest obstacle to war. But to our subject. Every mule, according country, we found it was rather late; but I am fully the raising of sheep, is the number of useless dogs to the prices paid for several years past, is worth convinced that it is at least three weeks earlier than that are kept, and therefore attention is required. at a year old $50, and at two years old $75-and when I first began to cultivate it. It has become Where the size of the flock permits the expense, the assertion is made without the fear of contradic-mixed, somewhat, with our native corn, and I conthey should always be under the eye of a shep- tion, and your experience appealed to for its cor- sider it more valuable than when it was first introherd, and should be penned every night, so as to rectness, that they are more suited to the climate, duced. obtain the benefit of their manure, which is believ-more hardy, and more able to bear their work than ed to be more than equal, with moderate littering either the Spanish or the mules of the Western and regular removal, to the expense and trouble of states. Mules are liable to as few diseases or their keeping. A well selected flock of sheep, well casualties, are as easily raised, and with as little attended to, would increase fifty per cent. on their feed, as stock cattle. Á brood mare will raise more number annually, and under all the casualties they provisions than will pay the rent of the land and may be subject to, other than from want of ordina- the expense of its cultivation, and keep herself and ry care, would be still profitable. The wethers colt well; and her colts, with ordinary plantation have the finest carcases, make the best mutton, and care, ought to pay for her in every two years. All vield the most wool, and should constitute a third who cannot keep more than one, will be compensa- few years, raise his crop of corn to a state of perportion of a flock. The males should be, not ex-ted in the occasional inconvenience by the price of ceeding one to fifty, in a large flock; and it should her colt, which is worth double a horse colt. The be an object to kill off largely, so as to keep the one is fit for work at two years, the other at four flock always young and thriving. The fair average years; one is not hardy and requires feed, the other produce of wool now is, one and a half to two and is hardy and requires none. Those who can afford a half pounds to each, and it would soon be three it, will find it to their interest to keep many brood or four pounds. The best species is thought to be the long woolled sheep, and those having large sized bodies. There are among us some of the half breed broad-tailed Tunis sheep, of which too little is yet known to speak decisively: but they are thought worthy of the trial, and are at the service of any desiring to get into the stock. mares-it is only the first outlay of money which These statements, without being intended to be very accurate, are sufficiently so to demonstrate that our farmers ought to be engaged at once in The foregoing is little more than a plain repeti-sheep and mule raising, to increase as they find it tion of well known facts, but, like other well known profitable. All that is wanted is care and attenfacts, they need repettion to excite inquiry, and in- tion (and nothing valuable is to be acquired withNo. 46.-Vd. 10. It is an invariable rule with me when I am housing my crop of corn in the fall, to select the largest, finest, and best filled ears which I can find. A person that will pursue this plan, may always keep his stock pure, and it will never degenerate. In seeding my crop, I never use more than half of the ear. The smaller end is invariably laid aside; the larger end is generally used, and it is always well filled. I have no doubt that any person may, in a fection by pursuing the above plan; and it will be sanctioned by every person that ever made the experiment. In the conclusion of my letter I will merely state, that my crop was not as good the last year as it was in 1827; and I do assure you the ears which I have selected to send you are not as large and well filled, on the account of severe drought which took place about the time my crop was making itself, as it was the year preceding. I have selected a number of ears which are larger than the one Mr. Upshur has deposited with you, and I shall send them by the first conveyance that offers, to my friend in Richmond, with instructions to ship the barrel to you. EXTRAORDINARY COWS. Importation from Switzerland recommended. DEAR SIR, son, on one acre and forty-two rods, thirty-four ture, having advanced thus far in her preparations, Two communications on the subject of destroy- which has been created by the decomposition of ing the bee moth were received by your committee: vegetable matter with some of the more perfect In the 7th vol. American Farmer, page 354, un- one of them from Mr. D. Chandler, of South Hadley, plants, which it has now become capable of sustainde the head of "Extraordinary Cows," is contained in the county of Hampshire; and the other, a long ing. These continue to be produced and decompothe following notice, which appears to have been and learned dissertation from Dr. James Thatcher, sed until a soil has been prepared of sufficient depth copied from the Pensacola Gazette. "Sir, in your of Plymouth, author of the American Orchardist. and richness to bear plants of still higher quality gazette of the 26th November last, we see that at Dr. Thatcher recommends several methods of de- and larger dimensions. The process of nature acthe Worcester cattle show, the Governor of Massa-stroying this insidious and powerful enemy, which quires accelerated force as it advances towards its chusetts has offered for exhibition a cow, which has has of late years infested the dwellings of one of consummation. often given 27 quarts. When visiting the Chalais of the most useful and interesting animals with which When a sufficient depth of soil has been formed Gruyere in Switzerland, thirty years ago, I have bountiful Providence has supplied us. Your com- to produce ferns, for instance, these annually decay there seen numerous herds of cows, which yielded mittee recommend that both these communications and die; their decomposed materials gradually form from 60 to 64 quarts of excellent milk each, every be inserted in the Massachusetts Agricultural Jour- little conical heaps of vegetable mould round on the day. Some time after, when visiting the establish- nal. They will afford valuable information to those spot on which each plant grew. When this has ment of Mr. Chabert, the director of the veterina- farmers, and others, who usually keep bees, and gone on for a period of sufficient length to spread ry school at Alfort, I saw the same species of ani- may possibly elicit some further useful observations these cones over a given surface, nature takes inal affording, upon a soil far inferior to the former, on this not unimportant subject. Mr. Chandler another stride; she sows furze, thorns and briars, as much as three buckets or 12 gallons of milk, and does not hesitate to pronounce his method of pre-which thrive luxuriantly, and by annually shedding never less than 8 gallons every day." Now, admit- venting the ravages of the bee moth as a sovereign their leaves, contributes, in the end, to add greatly to ing these facts to be true; and that they are so, remedy; one that may with full confidence be re- both the depth and fertility of the mould. This there seems to be no reason to doubt, is it not ra- lied upon. Dr. Thatcher, it will be seen, expresses species constitutes in truth, the means which nature ther astonishing that our gentlemen farmers, to the some doubts as to Mr. Chandler's method, and principally uses in preparing a bed for the growth north and east, should go to so much trouble and closes his dissertation with recommending that the of the more valuable trees. It is well known that expense to get cows from England, that will not hives be deposited in a building to be provided for these are the plants which make their appearance give the half of this quantity of milk, when with the express purpose of covering them, leaving open-in fallows, or in woods which have been recently no more trouble, and probably at much less ex-ings to admit of the egress and ingress of the bees, cut down. Into the centre of a tuft of brambles is pense, they might import from Switzerland such whilst employed in collecting their winter stores; accidently carried the seed of the majestic oak. cows as are mentioned above? For a bull and two which aperture may be closed at night during the Meeting with a congenial soil, it soon vegetates; it heifers, bought of Mr. Champion and imported in moth season. Your committee, not being them- is carefully and effectually cherished and protected the fall of 1824, Gen. Van Rensselaer gave about selves fully satisfied that the very best method of by its prickly defence against all the injuries from $1200, including all expenses. Where the Chalais destroying the bee moth has as yet been discovered, the bite of the animals which roam over the waste. of Gruyere is, I know not, as my atlas describes no and therefore are not prepared to say that the com- The larger trees having reached a height and size such place in Switzerland. But let it be where it munication of either gentleman conveys a new and which render shelter unnecessary, destroy their earwill, if such cows as are above mentioned, are to decided preventive against the ravages of that in-ly nurses and protectors, by robbing them of their be had there, they could be easily driven to the sect, and such as create a sufficient claim for the light and air, indispensable for their well-being. The coast and shipped for the United States, and would premium. But both communications contain valua thorny plants then retire to the out-skirts of the certainly cost less than many of the cattle imported ble hints, and appear to be the result of accurate forest, where, in the enjoyment of an abundant supfrom England. Although it is not quite as fashion-experiment and industrious investigation. ply of light and sun, they continue gradually to exable, perhaps, with us, as it is with the English, to tend the empire of their superiors; and make enfake the grand tour, yet it is becoming more and croachments upon the plain, until the whole district more so every year, and it would certainly be not Committee. becomes at length covered with magnificent trees. only highly praiseworthy, but would be rendering The roots of the largest trees penetrate the soil in all an essential service to their country, for our citidirections; they even find their way into the crevices zens, while roaming over the fertile vallies of Switof the rocks, filled as these are already with decomzerland, to hunt up some of these "extraordinary posed vegetable matter; here they swell and concows," and send them on to improve the stocks of tract, as the heat and moisture increase or diminish. their native country. A SUBSCRIBER. -They act like true lovers, until they gradually pulverize the earthy materials which they have been able to penetrate. MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL SO CIETY. OFFICIAL REPORT. Which is respectfully submitted. NATURAL FORMATION OF SOIL. Nothing can be more truly beautiful in itself or more deeply interesting to a reflecting mind, than the process by which nature constantly produces an accession of soil and accumulation of vegetable While the roots are thus busy under ground, bormatter to render it fertile. The process is varied so ing, undermining, cleaving, and crumbling every as to be exactly adapted to overcome the obstacles thing that impedes their progress, the branches and The Committee on agricultural experiments, in which the circumstances of each particular district leaves are equally indefatigable overhead. They araddition to their report made on the 15th day of present; but, although the means employed are infi- rest the volatile particles of vegetable food which October last, ask leave to submit the following: nitely various, the final result is always the same. float in the atmosphere. Thus fed and sustained, That the Society's premium of twenty dollars be When the surface of a rock, for instance, becomes each tree not only increases annually in size, but proallowed and paid to Mr. Paul Adams, of Newbury, first exposed to the atmosphere, it is at once attack-duces and deposits a crop of fruit and leaves. The for the greatest quantity of winter rye raised on ed by agents which operate mechanically and chem fruit becomes the food of animals, or is carried into one acre, being thirty-eight bushels and five quarts. ically. Light calls into activity the latent heat; the a spot where it can produce a plant; the leaves fall Mr. Adams makes the following statement: "The pores become, by that means, sufficiently enlarged around the tree, where they become gradually desoil on which the above crop grew, is a yellow loam to admit particles of moisture, which gradually composed, and in the lapse of ages make a vast adupon a gravel bottom, in 1827 was planted with In-abrade the surface and produce inequalities; upon dition to the depth of the vegetable world; and dian corn, and manured with about six loads of these inequalities, the seeds of lichens are deposit- whilst the decompositions of vegetables make a gracompost manure, spread on and ploughed in. The ed by the atmosphere; these fore-runners of vegeta- dual addition to the depth of the cultivatable soil, said compost was made in the barn yard, from the tion take root, and the fibres by which some sorts of another cause, equally constant in operation, contindroppings of the cattle, marsh sods, salt, hay, &c. these diminutive plants adhere to the rock, concoct ues to increase its fertility; the produce of the mintrodden and pulverized by the cattle. As I have a vegetable acid peculiarly adapted to corrode the utest plant serves to subsist myriads of insects; after been in the habit of growing rye, and manured with substance with which it comes in contact, and in-a brief existence, these perish and decay; the dethe like kind of dressings for a number of years, crease the inequalities which heat and moisture had composed particles greatly fertilize the vegetable and have uniformly had good crops, some of them already formed. These diminutive plants decay matter with which they happen to mingle. The peexceeding in quantity the last, it has suggested to and perish; when decomposed, they form a vegeta- riod at length arrives when the timber, having me that the saline matter which was contained in ble bed, united to the production of larger plants; reached its highest measure of growth and perfecthe manure, did not help the same. The seed was or when the surface of the rocks happens to present|tion, may be cut down, in order that the busbandhoed in the last hoeing of the corn, in August, 1827, clefts or natural crevices, they fall into them; and man may enter upon the inheritance prepared for about five pecks to the acre; harvested in July, there mingling with fine particles of sand, conveyed him by the hand of the all-wise and all-benevolent 1828, and threshed two or three weeks after; and thither by the atmosphere, or crumbled by the ac- Author of his existence. Sich is the system which there were thirty-eight bushels and five quarts." tion of the air from the internal surfaces of the they that have eyes to see nay see. Plants which crevices themselves, they form fertile mould. Na-appear worthless in themselves-those lichens, mos Josiah Bass, Esq., of Quincy, raised the past sea BRIGHTON CATTLE MARKET. We have received from an obliging correspondent, the following view of this great market, from the 29th September, to the 1st of December. 1828. September 29, Dr. Deane says, "there should be more yards than Swine one to a barn, where divers sorts of cattle are kept. 1000 The sheep should have a yard by themselves at 1227 least; and the young stock another, that they may 200 ba wholly confined to such fodder as the farmer can | 400 afford them." SEED. West Chester, Pa., Jan. 19, 1829. ses, heaths, ferns, furze, briars and brooms, in neglecting their own provender for the sake of which economists, forsooth, perceive only the sym- driving the inferior from theirs. This is, much bols of eternal barrenness-are so many instru- oftener than suspected, the chief reason of that SIR, ments employed by Perfect Wisdom in fertilizing difference in a lot of beasts, after a winter's keep. new districts for the occupation of future genera- It is likewise, he says, a very common and very bound, I now report to you the result of my trials In compliance with your request, and as in duty ations of mankind. [Quarterly Review. shameful sight, in a dairy of cows, to see several of the seeds you favoured me with the past season. of them gored and wounded in a dozen places, Having been in a good degree anticipated by the merely from the inattention of the owner, and the communication of your correspondent at Columbia, The weaker animals should be kept apart; and in the 24th October last,) I shall be as brief as possineglect of clipping the horns of those that butt.-in this state, (published in the American Farmer of crib feeding in the yard, it is a good method to tie ble. The Spanish Beans and Prussian Peas did up the master beasts at their meals. well, and proved to be of good quality; though I am not aware that they are superior to the varieties in common use with us. The Nankin Cotton seeds were planted on the 24th of April. Several of them vegetated, and before frost I had a number of good bolls, or capsules, sufficiently matured. So large a portion of them, however, were caught in a green state by the frost, that I doubt whether the plant can be cultivated to advantage in this region. It would at least require a considerable time before it would be sufficiently acclimated to become profitable. My trials of the Quinar seeds, from Peru, bian correspondent above mentioned. I regretted were equally unsuccessful as those of your Columthis the more, as I was anxious to ascertain the botanical characters of the plant. Should you obtain to repeat the attempt to cultivate it. Not one of a further supply from any source, I should be glad the seeds vegetated, although several of my friends, as well as myself, tried them in various ways. SOLD AT BRIGHTON. Cattle Sheep 1750 4000 October 6, 1874 4257 100 2000 KITCHEN GARDEN-FEBRUARY. A great deal of attention is due to the kitchen 8127 garden this month, it being the commencement of the early efforts of vegetation. Preparation must $538,950 ging, and trenching it; and making it in proper or be made of all vacant ground, by dunging, digder, ready for sowing and planting with early and 32,508 main crops; not only for the succeeding months, but the general supply of the year. Dung and manure those parts of the ground most wanting, and Jones seemed to think might be the Trifolium alThe Alfalfa seeds, from Valparaiso, which Com. ers, onions, leeks, artichokes, asparagus, and other than the common lucerne, or Medicago sativa. It for particular crops; such as cabbages, cauliflow-pestre, or narrow-leaved trefoil, is nothing more principal articles. the red clover, among our farmers. One objection succeeded very well, but is not likely to supplant to the culture of it is, that it rarely perfects its seeds in this region. As to its value in soiling, suggested by you, however advantageous that practice may be in certain cases, I incline to think it will rarely be adopted to any extent by the farmers in all its alluring freshness. The saving of labour where they can select the herbage for themselves, here. They prefer to have their cattle in the fields, is also a material object on our farms, where there is so much to be done, and frequently none but the farmer and his sons to do it. Mode of growing early Potatoes in the North of Lan cashire. Put the potatoes in a room, or other convenient warm place; about the 2d of February, cover them with a woollen cloth for about four weeks, then take it off, and by so doing you will make the sprouts much stronger. Towards the latter end of March set them, covering the sprouts about two inches deep. If the sprouts be about two inches long when set, the potatoes will be ready in seven or eight weeks afterwards. A gentleman who had a green-house, adopted the following plan: He placed the potatoes in the green-house in turf mould or peat earth, in the beginning of February, and kept them well moistened with water; he planted them in the open air about the end of March, on a warm border, leaving about half an inch of the points of the sprouts above the ground, and protected them during nights by coverings of mats. By this plan he was able to have new potatoes about the begin ning of May. It is considered a very material thing to get the potatoes well sprouted before they are planted. FEEDING CATTLE. Sow early crops on south borders, and some main crops in the open quarters, such as radishes, peas, beans, spinach lettuce, onions, leeks, cabbages, carrots, parsnips, beets, coleworts, savoys, brocoli, small sallading, parsley, chervil, borage, fennel, dill, marigolds, burnet, clary, angelica, corn-sallad, cresses, mustard, rape, &c. wards the latter end of the month, of the best main crop of carrots in an open situation, in light Some parsley for a main crop, both of the plain and curled leaved sorts, either in a single drill, along the edge of borders or quarters, or in continued drills eight or nine inches asunder. Sow fennel either in drills a foot distance, or on the surface, and rake it in even, both for transplanting, and to remain where sowed. In order to produce sprouts, plant stalks of cabbage, savoys, purple brocoli, and others of the cabbage tribe. An English writer observes, that two great points in feeding cattle are regularity and a particular care of the weaker individuals. On this last account there ought to be plenty of trough or rack room, that too many may not feed together; in which very common case the weaker are not only trampled down by the stronger, but they are worried, and become cowed and spiritless; than which there cannot be a more unfavourable state for thrift; besides, these are ever compelled to shift with the under frames and glasses, by either tilting the Give air to plants in hot-beds, as also to those worst of the fodder. This domineering spirit is so glasses two or three inches, or on mid dry days, remarkably prevalent among horned cattle, that the drawing them up or down half way, or occasionally writer has a hundred times observed the master remove them entirely; but put them on again to beasts running from crib to crib, and absolutely wards night. On MEANS OF DESTROYING WIRE WORMS. In an article in the third number of the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, on saltpetre as manure, it is stated that "H. Crabb, Esq. of Temple Dinsley, has sown it with advantage, as late as May. wire worms; the barley was looking badly, and one occasion, it had a remarkable effect in killing within a few days after top dressing with saltpetre, a shower came, and the wire worms died." These reptiles are great enemies to the florist, rapidly destroying his carnation and pink plants. |