RURAL ECONOMY. ON KEEPING ACCOUNTS. MR. SINNER, provided we do it, you will be thanked by thou-separated in the process, at the same time strew on sands yet unborn. the salt by degrees, so that it becomes intimately AN EASTERN SHORE FARMER. incorporated. Continue working it thus until the [We are glad to find by the communication of butter milk is apparently all worked out. Put it January 2d, 1829. our friend, that there are some who keep registers then by in a cold cellar till next morning, by which Seated by a snug country fire, surrounded by all and accounts of their farming transactions-but it time the salt is dissolved, when the ladle is to be my children, except two, who are on their studies would have been more satisfactory to have had some again applied, and continued as long as any butterfrom home; my wife with her usual industry wind- details as to the manner and form of entering-these milk can be separated. The butter is then fit for ing yarn of superior colours, to make a carpet to should be as simple as possible. It would be curious use or laying down. For preserving, stone ware exhibit at our next cattle show; one daughter ma- to see a particular account raised against these jars are preferable, as they impart no taste to the king me shirts, another alternately spinning on a self same geese and turkies-the wheat destroyed, butter, and exclude the air. Pack down the butter patent yankee wheel, and teaching my two youngthe corn consumed, the time taken up in their without any salt between the layers, and cover with est daughters music, (being detained from school rearing, as a set off against their value or sales in two inches of strong brine, previously boiled, skim by the snow, which is fast falling,) and no compathe market-allowing to their credit the many that med and suffered to become cold. If a skum should ny, your valuable paper, of December 26, was pick-be within our knowledge that they are too fat to times happen in damp cellars, renew the pickle. are given away to city friends; and as it happens to afterwards appear on the brine, which will someed up. After amusing myself with sweet potatoes, kitchen gardens, grapes, fruit trees, matrimonial have lived on grass alone, we suspect they make The impurities which rise to the surface boiling, or rule, hounds, and horse racing, I found you "on heavy drafts on the granary and the corn loft, be- are found in the residium at the bottom, are far board the magnificent steam boat Independence," fore and after harvest. But then the snug little greater than any one would suppose, who is not in contemplating, (as you usually do) on the advan- sums of money they sell for, serves so much better the habit of boiling his brine for meats, butter, &c. tages and disadvantages of farmers-I must stop, than common money, to pay for caps, and bonnets, Butter thus manufactured and cured, will keep a my attention is this moment called to the window, and shawls, and silk dresses, &c. Much, however, twelvemonth or more, perfectly sweet; and the rich through which I see a sleigh gliding through the as farmers grumble about the turkies in the stack delicacy of flavor imparted to that made in May and deep snow, with some of my young neighbours, yard, and the geese in the wheat field, nothing stops June, by the young herbage, will be in a great meaIt is compact, without being too and you know we Marylanders are fond of com- their grumbling sooner, nor puts them in better hu- sure preserved. mour, than when, coming in from the labours of the adhesive; cuts with a smooth surface, and shows day, a cheerful wife and daughters smiling with affec- neither lumps of salt, butter-milk or crumbles. tion, invite him to the dinner table, where with other good cheer, a fine fat fowl is presented to his view.] pany. state that I am one who do it. (From the New York Farmer.) MANUFACTURING AND PRESERVING BUTTER. Butter constitutes so essential a part of our diet, that every hint which tends to improve its quality, is worthy of observation. I shall therefore make no apology for the few remarks which I am about to offer to the manufacturer and the consumer. Dry and hilly grounds give the best dairies. Although moist and alluvial pastures afford the greatest volume of herbage, the dryer grounds yield the finer varieties of grasses, and their nutricious qualities are more concentrated. Hence the reputation of Goshen butter, and of the dairies of Otsego, Delaware, &c. in this state, and of Berkshire, in Massachusetts. So long as the buyer will pay as much for salt and butter-milk as for butter, he must expect to be im posed upon by the seller. A notable dairy woman, observing the butter I have described, thought there was both labor and money lost in thus preparing it; for, says she, in such a roll of butter you lose two pounds of butter-milk which I sell; and she evidentİy prided herself for her sagacity in thus turning the penny. Competent inspectors in our cities, with authority to brand the true quality, as first, second, third, fourth, &c. would prevent impositions, improve the quality of our butter, and soon raise its character at home and abroad. OLD DUTCHESS. METHOD OF PREVENTING MILK FROM TURNING SOUR. Put a spoonful of wild horse radish into a dish of milk; the milk may then be preserved sweet, either in the open air or in a cellar, for several days, whilst such as have not been so guarded will become sour. January 6.-We have had some fine sleighing, which is unusual, (and again without company) have taken my elbow chair, not for the purpose of securing the premium offered, as I have a regular file of your valuable Farmer from its commencement, also a copy of the Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society, but to correct your ideas relative to the neglect of farmers. I know several in my neighbourhood who keep regular occurrences of the year; and have the pleasure to I can for nearly thirty years past, tell on what day of the year, month, or week, we had a snow, or hard wind, or rain; whether cold, or warm, wet or dry; what my The quality of butter depends, essentially, upon negroes were engaged in, whether ploughing, hoe-pasture; but, particularly, upon the process of maing, seeding, cutting or mowing; the number of nufacturing and method of preserving. loads of manure out each year, what kind, where deposited, the quantity of wheat seeded, sent to market, or made use of in the family, and the price; the quantity of corn and rye made, the number of hogs killed, their weights, how much used in the family, quantity sold, and to whom; of my mutton raised and killed, (here permit me to remark I sold one to a friend, who sent it to your city a short time since, weighing 104 lbs. clear of the head and I do not intend to plague your readers by a laborfeet, out of which I obtained 184 lbs. of rendered ed discussion, whether it is best to churn the milk, gut tallow, fed on grass alone.) I have never ob- sweet or sour, or the cream alone; nor whether a served the quantity of poultry raised or sold, or dog churn, a sheep churn, (for I have seen a churn The advantages attending railways have never how much butter is made, or milk produced, but propelled by sheep) or a hand churn, is best. All I been more clearly shewn than by that which has perhaps my good wife could do that by a reference insist upon is, that the process shall be carried on by been established at Darlington. All persons who to her book. I accidentally heard her say a few a regular motion, in a proper temperature, and that have ever seen these admirable roads have been fordays past, she had raised 150 geese, and much to the milk or cream shall not be suffered to become cibly struck with their utility, and have been warmmy mortification a short time past, I counted 65 too rancid or bitter. A thrifty housewife, who man-ly interested in their success. We have received a turkeys preying on my wheat field. As to my ac-ages half a dozen cows, will never suffer the latter letter, from which we give the following extract, parcounts, I keep a day book and ledger, also a cash to happen. I will therefore suppose the process of tially with a view of corroborating the view which book, by which I can tell every dollar I have re-manufacture to commence, when, to use the dairy we have taken, and partially because we hope the ceived, from whom, and for what, all that has been phrase, the butter has come, as on the subsequent perusal of it may prevent Juries giving excessive paid, for what, and to whom. Now, sir, notwith-management depends materially the quality of the damages, in cases where they are called upon to asstanding all this precaution, and frequently cover-butter. sess the amount of recompense to be awarded to landed proprietors, through whose estates the railways may pass. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. RAILWAYS. ing from one hundred to one hundred and fifty acres The rules I recommend are-thoroughly to sepaof land annually with good manure, and have good rate the butter from the butter-milk, without the aid fencing, (the want of which is a curse to farmers,) of water, or any other agent than the dairy-maid's Extract of a Letter from Darlington, dated I cannot keep clear of those pests called creditors. arm and butter ladle-to have a proper quantity of March 11, 1828 I have thus far been so fortunate as not to have the pure fine salt incorporated and dissolved in the mass; "I am astonished to hear of the sums awarded by lawyers and sheriffs dipping their fingers in my to pack in stone ware jars or tight firkins, and to jury, on your railway (the Liverpool and Manches pockets, but if I happen to go from home to hear cover with a pure brine, sufficient wholly to exclude ter;) surely the gentlemen who compose your juries the news of the day, or hear the merits or demer- the air from contact with the butter, until it is wan-are unfriendly to one of the greatest improvements its of Adams and Jackson discussed, some one is ted for use.. the kingdom has yet left for the exercise of its capapt to give me a look as if I owed him, and your The practice I recommend; from long experience, ital and talent; if it were known to your jurymen honour sometimes tips a notice in the Farmer, tel is as follows: When the butter comes from the churn what is the extent of the benefit of railways, if their ling us of the safety of transmitting a five dollar put it into a clean wooden bowl, and with a wooden love of impartial justice and perfect fairness between note by mail. If you can advise us poor farmers butter ladle, proceed to work it, by breaking it man and man could not sway them, they surely never how to keep clear of such breakers and quicksands, down at the sides and turning off the whey which is would frustrate national welfare as much as might lay in their power, by aiding all the difficulties which selfish or malevolent characters might throw in your way; for besides a reduction in the rate of transit on rail-roads, beyond all anticipation; our turnpikes are now so relieved from heavy carriage, that several of them are become reduced nearly one-half in the charge of their tolls, that whoever stirs a stage from home, partakes of the universal benefit. In a conversation the other day it was observed by the intelligent Lord D****, I wish I had a rail-way through the centre of every estate I have in the kingdom-there is one comes through my estate near F***, the quietness with which the wagons go, and keeping steadily in one line, makes no noise or confusion, and the highways are in such excellent condition, by being freed of carrying and interruption; travelling on them is most pleasant and agree able." The Railway requires but one third the quantity of land that is required for a Canal, exclusive of ponds, reservoirs, and feeders. The Railway requires one man and four horses to transport fifty tons four miles per hour. The Canal requires two men, one boy and two horses to transport thirty tons two miles per hour. The Railway may be attended and kept in repair for one tenth that of a Canal. Railways give the greatest possible facility to travellers, Canals retard them. merely care and solitary grief listen with varied SPORTING OLIO. GRAND TROTTING MATCH. I saw her large blue eyes swell with maternal tenderness, as she gazed in all the plenitude of a mother's love, upon the painful countenance of her silently imploring child. I saw her bursting bosom heave with agonizing fear, as she gently pressed its A trotting match, which excited considerable inlittle outstretched hand between her own and bathed terest, took place on Thursday on the Bridgeton it with her tears. I saw her unwearied care antici- road, between a roan horse, the property of a well pate her infant's wants untold by words, but elo-known sporting character, residing in the Kent-road, quently told by an infantile look, and intuitively and a brown horse, said to be an American, fourcomprehended by a Mother's love; and when her lit-teen hands high, the property of a gentleman resitle sufferer slumbered, I saw a Mother's care com-ding at Deptford. The distance to be performed mand a Mother's grief, and, half respiring, check was fifty miles, and the amount of the stakes 50%. a the rising sobbings of her soul, lest a full sigh should side. The match was made suddenly, at the Green The following summary view of the superior ad- wake her sleeping babe. It was then that busy Man, in the Kent-road, a short time back, and it vantages which Railways possess, when compared memory gave to her present pain a heightened an- was agreed that the roan horse should be driven by with Canals, is extracted from an able paper, origi-guish, and shrouded in gloomy bodements the en- a Mr. B., in the same match cart in which the 28 nally published in the Boston Patriot, by a writer dearing pratlings of her child, its smiles of timid miles were recently performed in two hours, over with the signature "Middlesex." triumph, as once its tottering feet bore it from chair Sunbury Common; while the Deptford gentleman to chair, its suppliant hands seeking maternal safety, should drive his horse in a light gig then standing when, like a feeble bird, the young essayist panted at the door, and nearly double the weight of the to calm its causeless fears upon a mother's bosom; match-cart. At first, such was the confidence in the that sacred fountain for its comfort and support. roan horse, that sixty to forty was freely offered in These, and a thousand other fond endearments, his behalf; but a whisper having gone forth that the rushed on her mind, and like a transient light in brown horse was an "out-and-outer," betting feli some dark solitude, made misery more poignant. off, and little or nothing was done, the backers of The remembrance of hours, spent in the society of the roan horse apprehending that they had "caught her child, gradually developing its bodily and men- a tartar," and the owner of the brown horse feeling tal powers, imparted a saddened pleasure to its ma- no inclination to "take the lead" in laying odds, ternal nurse; when, suddenly, a feeble groan dissol- however anxious he might be "to take the lead" in re-ved her vision, for the vital taper of her child was the match. On Wednesday evening both horses sinking in its socket. Her stifled sighs now burst in were on the road, it having been agreed that the convulsive sobbings from her bosom, whilst with un-start should take place from the eleventh mile-stone utterable anguish her laboring soul gave the pure beyond Croydon, to the thirty-sixth mile-stone on spirit of her child to God.-Hers was a grief, which the Hixted-road, towards Brighton, and back, mamothers only feel-an affliction, which subdued her king the fifty miles. The roan horse was lodged for patient nature more than the agonizing throes, which the night at Mr. Pearce's, at Smitham-bottom; while gave a mortal existence to her infant.-I sincerely the brown horse was placed in the neighbourhood of participated in her afflictions, and was silent in this the Derby Arms, at Croydon, where his owner took scene of woe, as I was unwilling to interrupt the sa- up his quarters. Eight o'clock A. M. was appointed cred tribute of her grief, or unclasp that firm em- for the start, and at that time both horses, in their brace, which pressed a lifeless infant to a Mother's respective machines, appeared at the given spot, bosom, for soon it would be cradled in its coffin, and attended by their respective umpires; Mr. Morton, hushed in the lonely mansion of the grave, over jun., of the Derby Arms, who had horses placed on which the winds of winter would howl its lullaby. I the road, acting for the owner of the brown horse, thought as I witnessed her conflicting feeling, how and a gentleman, whose name we could not ascerkindly Providence had implanted in a mother's bo- tain, acting for the roan horse. On comparing the som, that persevering love, which enabled her to horses as well as the machines, and we might add the bear with unrepining fortitude, the varied cares con- drivers (we mean no disrespect to the owner of the nected with our childhood,-and, that those men brown horse), every thing seemed in favour of the are monstrous, who repay with cold indifference the roan, which was full of life and activity, and in fine affectionate solicitude, that guarded their years of condition. The driver, Mr. B., was clad in a short helpless infancy: I felt a glow within my bosom, a jacket for the occasion, and the machine and harfilial offering to the memory of my Mother, with a ness were of the lightest description, weighing alrepentant sigh, lest my thoughtless boyhood may together little more than one hundred weight. The have given her pain unconscious of the sacred debt brown horse, on the contrary, had a sluggish apof gratitude, due to the feelings of a Parent. pearance; and his owner, by whom he was driven, came to the ground with his groom beside him, in his machine, which was little, of any thing, short of two hundred weight, dressed in ordinary attire, rather as if he were going on a common-place journey than if a trial of speed were in contemplation. When this eccentric genius was at Truro School, By some persuasion he divested himself of his great he had given to him, by Dr. Polwhele, well known coat and cloak, and at eight minutes after eight by his various publications, the following beautiful o'clock the word "start" was given-the roan horse Latin Epigram upon Sleep, to translate into Eng-taking the lead at a spanking pace, and the brown Railways may be easily passed in all places quired, Canals only by bridges. Railways interfere with no water privileges, Canals destroy many. Railways are subject to no interruptions; except by snow which is easily removed. Canals are subject to be interrupted by droughts, flood, frosts, leakages and locks. Railways carry their freight to the doors of the warehouses, Canals deliver their freight upon the wharf. A Railway can be constructed for half the cost of a Canal per mile. A Railway may be used twelve months in a year, a Canal but seven months. The toll of passengers will pay the interest on the cost of a Railway. The toll of passengers on a Canal is very trifling. Half the common rates of tolls on a Canal will be sufficient to pay the whole expense of transportation on a Railway, including the toll. Mountainous countries are easily surmounted by Railways will be the pride of New England; they LADIES' DEPARTMENT. THE MOTHER. PETER PINDAR. [N. B. Courier. FOR THE SCHOOL BOY LEARNING LATIN. The deep-toned clock strikes steadily its "Somne levis quanquam certissima mortis imago horse close in his wake, evidently waiting upon him. At this time a mizzling rain had commenced, which increased throughout the day, and continued to fall without intermission till long after the match was conscience goaded by busy memory, starts at the In a few minutes the boy produced the following version: concluded. Independent of the umpires, several solemn sound, that of time gone by, and time to come, when all the hidden actions of mankind shall be revealed. The lonely bookman, wrapt in studious contemplation, heeds not its striking, whilst | "Come gentle sleep, attend thy votary's prayer, horsemen accompanied the charioteers; and in viewing the latter, it was impossible not to give the palm, in point of appearance to the general "set out" of the roan horse. On close investigation, however, CARRIAGE WHEELS. the good judges could not withhold their approba-the distance in four hours-thus far eclipsing any tion of the style in which the brown horse did his attempt of a similar nature. Great praise is due to work; and although there was something eccentric the skill and attention of Mr. Moreton, jun. on the Extract from the description of an improvement in in the manner of his driver, still it was manifest he road, who, with proper changes, rode the whole four wheel Carriages, as patented by Theodore was alive to the arduous task he had to perform. distance, and never neglected either horse or driBrooks and Daniel W. Eames, of Rutland, JefferHe patiently followed the roan, but it was clear with ver. Had the qualities of the brown horse been son County, New York, December 6th, 1828. difficulty held in his prad, which pulled with almost kept more secret, or had he fallen into the hands of irresistible force, although withheld by a double the "knowing ones," he would have proved a mine of the carriage below the axletree, and as near the The improvement consists in suspending the body power on his reins from a spring loop fixed to the of wealth. The hands of his driver were dreadful-ground as the state of the roads will admit of. The shafts. It had been resolved to try the pluck of the fully blistered from his efforts, in spite of the double wheels, axletrees, and pole to be made in common brown horse at starting, and therefore the pace purchase, to hold him in, at the commencement of form. Then a frame work, composed of three sills, was severe. Notwithstanding the state of the roads, the journey. The roan horse broke once, soon after with slats or cross-bars of sufficient length and which were sandy and hilly, and rendered more the turn of the twenty-five miles, and was backed to width to contain such load as the carriage is intendthan usually heavy by the falling rain, the first eight the spot where the break commenced. There was ed for conveying, is to be bolted firm to the under miles were done in 39 minutes-and in 61 minutes no dispute throughout, and the losing party submit- side of the hind axletree; the middle sill which twelve miles and a half were completed. At this ted without grumbling-upon the whole congratu- must be sufficiently large to sustain the whole load, rate both horses continued to the 36th mile-stone,lating themselves it was no worse. Part of the road, extends forward of the forward cross sill far completing their 25 miles in one hour and fifty-four our readers are aware, especially up Red hill, was enough to admit the wheel to turn to the centre of minutes. The roan horse first made the turn, and very heavy and sandy, and it was here the roan the body, and is attached to the forward axletree by appeared rather fagged from the pace at which he horse suddenly fell off to a walk, although in com- the ring bolt being fastened thereto in the form of had been driven; his driver, however, was fresh, al-ing down the hill he came away at thirteen miles an a snibill, and keyed or screwed on the upper side of though drenched to the skin with the rain. The hour. the axletree-the lower side of this frame should brown horse was also fresh, and pulled with unababe boarded or planked, so as to prevent injury ted force, evidently exhausting his driver, by the effort which was necessary to keep him in. They GRAND TROTTING MATCH.-The final deposit when running aground. This frame supplies the pulling up. The driver of the brown horse seeing three hours, is to be made good on Tuesday next, convenience of loading stone or other heavy artinow both slackened pace, and appeared desirous of for the match against time, to trot forty miles, in place of reaches, and on which such box or body may be erected as convenience requires. For the his opponent lessen his pace, pushed forward and at Mr. Pledger's, Moorgate, after a sporting "tuck-cles, a pole of sufficient size is to be fastened with took the lead about Hand-cross (33 miles from out." All the amateurs of "fast going" in the MeLondon), after which he pulled up, his example be-tropolis are expected to be present, and long odds rising seven or eight feet, and fastened near toa snibill to each corner of the body or frame, and ing followed by the roan horse, which was stopped are expected to be laid against the performance. gether at the top, where a pully block is to be likewise, and had some gruel. The brown horse A grand trotting match was made for three hun-hung, the fall rope, winding on a horizontal shaft took a little water, and was sponged effectually by dred pounds aside, horse against horse, to come off, hung on the two forward poles, and turned with Mr. Moreton, while his driver was refreshed by a at Newmarket, in the course of the week. The a crank. glass of brandy and water, which, from the contin- distance twelve miles. One of the horses has been ued rain, added to the press on his reins, became training at Smitham-bottom. absolutely necessary. About five minutes were occupied in this manner, when the brown horse It is said, that the great match to York, for 2,000 was again started at a rapid pace, and was immedi- guineas, is undertaken by Mr. Ridsdale, who will ately followed by the roan. The brown horse hav-ride himself. It is also said, that he will have about J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. ing got the lead, however, kept it at a steady rate, forty horses. The match comes off in April. and would not let the roan pass. Indeed, we should say, the brown horse was urged to unnecessary speed, from a false alarm which was occasionally given to the driver that his opponent was close behind; when, in fact, he was not within some distance of his wheels. MISCELLANEOUS. THE SILK TRADE OF ENGLAND. Considerable negotiations have been carrying on On coming up Red hill, the roan was dead beat, of late between the silk manufacturers, (particularand the brown horse pursued his course, evidently ly those of the metropolis,) and the Board of Trade, fatigued, to the end of his journey, at about the rate at Whitehall, upon the depressed state of their manof seven miles an hour-finally performing the ufacture, owing, as they say, to the new measures whole fifty miles without drawing bit, in the unpre- of Mr. Huskisson. The subject is, we know, a cedented time of four hours and some seconds less complicated one; and we prefer giving to our readthan twenty-one minutes, amidst the cheers of bis ers the means of forming their own judgment, upon friends. His owner was a good deal exhausted from a perusal of facts, than of leading them to any parfatigue in curbing his horse, as well as from the se- ticular conclusions from mere speculative or theoverity of the weather, but he was still in good spir-retical arguments. The value of manufactured its; and, at the suggestion of his friends, to avoid silk exported in the year 1823, the year before the wrangle, turned his horse round, and went back to change of system, was 181,000l.; it fell progressivethe eleventh mile-stone, after having passed it sev-ly-in 1824, to 159,000l.; in 1825, to 150,000l.; in eral yards. The horse had manifestly done enough; 1826 (after the panic,) 106,000l.; in 1827, it rose to but still he went with firmness, and was subsequent- 161,000l., just 20,000l. short of the year 1823. The ly walked to the Derby Arms, a distance of nearly increase in the importation of raw silk, entered for two miles, where he was bled, had some warm gru-home consumption, during the years above referred el, and in a short time, like Richard, was "himself to, was as follows, taken in pounds, and in round again," eating his hay with a good appetite. His numbers: owner was driven home in a gig, and having changed his dress, being drenched to the skin, appeared highly elated by his success. The roan horse was so completely knocked up, that for the latter part of the journey he could not be got out of a walk, and was pulled up at Smitham Bottom, two miles from the winning goal, where he was also bled, and every attention paid to his condition. Mr. B, his driver, was "hard up," but with proper restorative was soon "all right." It was considered by the best judges, of whom there were many on the road, that had the brown horse been in a lighter machine, and in proper condition, for he had had no training, he would, on a more favourable road, have performed 1823 (before the change) 12,432,000 3,993,000 3,589,000 2,244,000 4,209,000 Now, compare the quantity entered last year for home consumption, with that of the year before the new law took place, and see what is the difference in pounds avoirdupois, and next in pounds sterling: The increase in pounds of raw silk is above 1,770,000. Taking each pound of raw silk at 16s., will give us, for the increased value of the raw material only, imported for home consumption, above 1,400,000l. [London paper. METEOROLOGY. Sandy Spring, Montgomery county, Md. January 3, 1829.) Sir,-Enclosed are two tables of the mean temperature of water and air, taken at this place for December, 1828. In the observations on water, I have used the same series of wells and fountains (omitting two wells,) from which my former tables were constructed. REMARKS. The temperature of the fountains and wells in the preceding table, was observed on January 1st and 3d. The mean aerial temperature of the former day 37.66°, and of the latter 1510 Fahrenheit. The mean temperature of both days, and that of the 2d, all taken together, 27.229. The result giving a depression in the mean aquatic temperature for the month of December, below that of November, of 1 and 2-3°. On the 2d, was a fall of snow five inches in depth. TABLE No. 2. The choice has been officially announced to the Of Mean Temperature and prevalent Winds for the month of December, at Sandy Spring, &c.—See Ame-Senate, who are to act upon it to-day. In making rican Farmer, as in Table No. 1. Clear and fine. Weather. Cir. with white frost, morning. Cmls. tr. mild and fine. Cir. and N. W. wind at 9 o'clock a. M. Nimbus, with light snow all day. Nimbus-cmls.; snow commenced at 10; N. W. mid-day. Cir. cmls. very fine day; showers in the night. Clear, and nearly cloudless; beautiful cir, night. this selection, the corporation of Harvard have been truly fortunate in conferring honour where it was due; and the University will derive reflected honour from having at its head a gentleman of such high character and liberal attainments. Mr. Quincy has made a good exchange, from superintending the detail of city business, where particular interests and political hostility constantly thwarted or embarrassed his efforts for the public good, to presiding over the discipline of academic halls, where learning and the arts polish the manners, and emulation is confined to excellence in literary and scientific attainments. Mr. Quincy's address to the board on leaving the office of Mayor, of which we have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of a copy from himself, ranks among the ablest and most classical documents of the kind, considered with reference both to style and matter, which the present age has produced. His difficulties were numerous in conscien Cir. str. morning, day and night clear, and nearly cloudless. tiously discharging his functions, as he anticipated Cir. mg; afternoon clear and fine. Cmls. smoky and nearly calm. Cumuli. N. N. W. 1 when he first assumed them. But that he has so conscientiously discharged them, is a proud satisfaction of which neither enmity nor jealousy can deprive him, during the remainder of a life which we hope may be long preserved, for the sake of the University, and the general cause of science and learning. FECULA OF SWEET POTATOES. J. S. SKINNER, Esq. You will greatly oblige your southern subscribers and correspondents, if you will insert in your useful paper a recipe for the process of obtaining the fecula of the sweet potato. A SUBSCRIBER. The process of obtaining the fecula of sweet potatoes, is, we believe, as follows: Grate the clean roots, and wash the mass in water through a clean Calm. brass wire sieve; then let the liquor stand a short time to settle. The fecula will be deposited at the bottom of the vessel, and must be dried in pans by the fire or in the sun. The mode of making potato starch is all that seems necessary. This fecula of sweet potatoes is the patent sago of Bowen, so long in use in the British army. REMARKS. The month of December, 1828, was remarkable for the dryness and uniformity of its temperature. The mean of the first ten days, 43; the second ten days, 3830; and the last eleven days, 89 36-100°. Lowest on the 19th, 16°. Highest on the 4th and 11th, 60°; range 44°. The whole month with very brief exceptions, was pleasant in an uncommon degree for the season of the year. Phases of the Moon.-New on the 6th, 11 o'clock 13 minutes, evening. First quarter, 15th, 4 o'clock 33 min. P. M. Full, 21st, 1 o'clock 27 min. morning. Last quarter, 29th, 5 o'clock 40 min. morning. requires the possession of rare talents and energy. It is painful, however, to add, that the public savour is not always most certainly secured by the exercise of these qualities. Men, as well as frogs, would sometimes prefer to have a log for a king. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, JANUARY 30, 1829. ITEMS OF LATEST FOREIGN NEWS, As Connected with the Agricultural Interest. By the Packet ship John Jay, Capt. Holdridge, London and Liverpool papers have been received, the former to the 14th and the latter to the 16th from the seat of war. We take the following sumDecember. They furnish important intelligence mary of the news from the New York Evening Post. The price of American flour in Liverpool, on the 15th December, was $9 33 a $10 22. The Earl of Liverpool died on the 10th December-the Russians have met with a reverse of fortune, and on the 8th of November were compelled to raise the siege Having also been complimented with a copy of As far, however, as depends upon high talents, and Mr. Quincy's address to the Board of Aldermen of elevated sentiments, the citizens of Boston have in the city of Boston, on leaving that office, we read it with particular interest and pleasure. We should Mr. Otis a worthy successor to their late mayor, but have made acknowledgement of it in precisely the considering the more congenial sphere for a man of same spirit, but not in as good terms, as the follow learning and liberal sentiments, we cannot help coning by the editor of the Commercial Advertiser. gratulating Mr. Quincy on being translated from the of Silistria and retire across the Danube. The head head of a city government to the government of a The address manifests a proud consciousness of having discharged his duties with a single eye to he will take measures to correct the excessive exmost venerable literary institution, where we hope quarters of the Russian army were removed to Jassy. It is said that the weather had become unthe public good; and without that mean anxiety for personal and transient popularity which too often travagance in which some of its students have hith-expectedly severe-that violent storms had taken place, much snow had fallen, and the cold become degrades the character of legislative and executive erto been allowed to indulge. proceedings, and sacrifices the permanent welfare has all this to do with your journal? Why, we anAfter all, says the perhaps impatient reader, what intense-so that provisions could not be sent to the besieging army, nor the besieging works be carried of a city or a state, to gratify party and local views, swer, may not one be indulged some times in the That part of the heavy artillery, which could or to elude the effect of factious resentments. The address contains many suggestions, facts gratification of an heartfelt but humble tribute to not be brought away, was thrown into the bogs near and statements, that would be curious to the read-men who act their parts eminently well, and in ex-Silistria. The other things which could not be reers of papers in other cities, and useful to their pressing his contempt for those who are sensible of moved were destroyed. All the cattle belonging to no higher ambition than to flatter, for their own the besieging army perished. There was some momentary aggrandisement, the meanest passions of severe fighting before the siege was raised. In one affair the Russians are said to have lost eight hundred men and a great part of their baggage. The re-capture of Varna was to be immediately attempted-indeed some papers say that it had actually been effected. The Grand Sultan was determined to have it cost what it might. It was garrisoned b corporate authorities; though not adapted to an agricultural journal. To discharge the duties of chief magistrate of a populous commercial city, especially where the mayor possesses the powers that are necessary to an efficient administration and police, is a task of great importance and of great dignity, because it the meanest men! (From the New York Commercial Advertiser.) The hon. Josiah Quincy, late mayor of Boston, has been elected President of Harvard University by the Corporation of that venerable institution. on. only 6000 men, and during the winter no effectual assistance can be afforded by sea. 1829. JAN.-FEB. 2 3 5 6 7 26 8 38 Tuesday, occasioned by the purchases of the interior millers, ceased with the day, and the sales since Much anxiety was felt at Constantinople for the have been on a very moderate scale: a few specuarrival of a large convoy of grain from Egypt. lative purchases were effected in the early part of Accounts had been received of an order of the the week, at nearly previous prices; but on SaturFrench government to prohibit the exportation of day, both here and in the surrounding country marcorn; but it is not known whether the order refers kets, the trade was dull and prices rather lower. Saturday,...... 31 to the whole kingdom, or only to one of those dis. The transactions in Oats have been extensive, and Sunday, Feb. 1 tricts into which France is divided for agricultural at full prices, but mostly on speculation. Some Monday,... and commercial purposes. If it should include the large parcels of Oatmeal have also been taken on Tuesday,..... whole kingdom, it is evidently a strong indication of the same account. Both these articles brought ra- Wednesday,.. 4 alarm concerning the deficiency of the stock of ther more money, at the close of the week, in the Thursday,. grain. In Paris the price of bread had attained a Manchester market. Prices of Barley, Beans, and Friday, very high price, namely, a franc, or 10d. sterling, for Peas are unaltered: for the first article there has the 4 lb. loaf, and the government had in conse- been a little more inquiry. It is estimated that 5,000 quence brought into consumption a supply of corn to 6,000 quarters of Indian Corn have "changed from the public granaries, so as to reduce the 4 lb. hands within the last few days, and it is now genloaf to Sd. for the poor. About 70,000 individuals, erally held for an advance of 2s. per quarter. or one-tenth of the population of the capital, were This morning's market was extremely dull, and receiving the benefit of this charitable reduction. the few sales effected in wheat were at a decline of The price of Cotton had receded another 8th of fully 4d. per 70 lbs. Oats supported the quotations penny, and the sales had been extremely limited, of last Tuesday; the transactions in them, howevbut there was some revival in the demand the last er, very limited. Flour was offered fully 2s. per two days. sack lower; but prime oatmeal, being scarce, brought quite as high rates. STILL LATER NEWS. a The packet ship Napoleon, arrived at New York on Tuesday, bringing intelligence from London to the 23d of December, and from Liverpool to the 24th. The accounts given above, of the retreat of the Russian army from before Silistria and Choumla, are confirmed by the Russian Bulletins. The following are the latest accounts of the markets, from which it will be seen that a small decline had taken place in the grain market. LONDON CORN EXCHANGE, Dec. 22. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected for the American Farmer, by Edward J. Willson & Co., Commission Merchants and Planters' Agents. TOBACCO.--Maryland, Scrubs, ground leafs, $5.00 a 10.00-seconds, ordinary, 3.50 a 4.50—red, 4.50 a 6.50 -fine red, 6.00 a 8.00, for wrapping-Ohio, common, 5.00 a 8.50-good red, 6.00 a 8.00-yellow, 10.00 a 16.00-Rappahannock, 2.50 a 3.50-Kentucky, common 3.50 a 5.00-wrapping, 4.00 a 6.00. FLOUR-white wheat family, $10.00 a 10.50-super. Howard-st. (sales) 8.50; city mills, 8.00 a 8.25; Susquehanna, 8.00-CORN MEAL, per bbl. 2.75-GRAIN, best Liverpool Colton Market, Monday, Dec. 22. red wheat, 1.70 a 1.80-best white wheat, 1.80 a 2.00There was a good demand for cotton last week, ordinary to good, 1.50 a 1.70--CORN, old, .48-new the sales amounting to 13,400 bags, namely, 6,770 corn, .46 a .48—in ear, per bbl. 2.25-RYE, bush. .50 a Bowed, at 51d. to 74d. chiefly at 63d to 64d for mid..55-OATS bush. .26 a .26-BEANS 1.25-PEAS.55 a .60— to good; 1,580 Orleans, 64d. to 81d.; 1,470 Mobile CLOVER SEED, 4.50 a 5.00-TIMOTHY, 1.50 a 1.75-ORCHand Alabama, 54d. to 64d.; 50 Sea Ísland, 134d to ARD GRASS 2.25 a 2.50-Herd's, .75 a 1.00-Lucerne 374 a .50 lb.-BARLEY, .55 a 60-FLAXSEED, 1.00-COT14d.; 90 stained do. 8 d. to 10d.; 90 Pernambuco, 74d. to 84d.; 1,240 Maranham, 74d to 74d.; 220 TON, Virginia, .10 a.11-Lou. .13—Alabama, .10 a .11 Mississippi.11 a .13-North Carolina,.10 a .11-GeorBahia, 7d. to 71d.; S60 Egyptian, 7d. to 8d.; 50 gia, .9 a.12-WHISKEY, hhds. 1st pf. .24—in bbls. .25 a Demarara, 7 3-8d. to 74d.; 10 Carthagena, 5d.; 90 25-WOOL, common, unwashed, lb. .15 a .16-washWest India, 54d. to 63d.; 110 Cumana, Sad. to 54d.; ed,.18 a .20-crossed, .20 a .22-three-quarter,.25 a 530 Surat, 5 3-4d. to 54d.; and 20 Bengal, at 4d..30-full do..30 a .50, accord'g to qual.-HEMP, Russia, The market has been very dull to-day, the sales being only from 800 to 1,000 bags; on Saturday about 1,500 were sold. Prices are without alteration from those of last week. a In the course of last week the arrivals of nearly all descriptions of Grain were considerable, and ton, $225 & 230; Country, dew-rotted, 136 a 140-waterthere was another large quantity of Flour. The rotted, 170 a 190-FISH, Shad, Susquehanna, No. 1, bbl. accumulating quantity of Flour in London, which 5.75; do. trimmed, 6.50-North Carolina, No. 1, 6.25 6.50-Herrings, No. 1, bbl. 2.87; No. 2, 2.62-Maccannot be sold, has caused the Wheat trade to be kerel, No. 1, 6.00; No. 2, 5.25; No. 3, 4.25-BACON, extremely heavy, and the best parcels of English hams, Baltimore cured, new, .94 a .10; old, 11; do. E. Wheat, though scarce, are 2s. to 3s., damp parcels BALTIMORE MARKET.-On the receipt of the for- Shore, .124-hog round, cured,.7 a .8-Pork, 4.50 a 45., and foreign on board of ship 4s. to 5s. per quar-eign news on Wednesday, a disposition was evinced 5.50-Feathers, .32-Plaster Paris, cargo price pr ton, ter lower than this day se'nnight; but foreign Wheat to advance the prices of flour and grain, and some 3.62 a 4.25-ground, 1.25 bbl.; grass fed prime Beef, in granary the holders are not disposed to sell at few purchases of Howard street flour were made 3.50 a 5.00. this reduction in value. Barley continues to meet from wagons at $8 374. The late news received MARKETING-Apples, pr. bush. 1.00 a 1.50; Pheasants, a heavy sale, and is again 1s. per quarter cheaper. yesterday, however, has counterbalanced the intel- per pair, .75; Squabs, 184; Rabbits, .124; Turkies, each, Beans and Peas, from the mildness of the weather, ligence of the day before, and prices remain much.75 a 1.00; Geese, .50 a 624; Butter, lb. .25 a 311; Eggs, are very dull sale, and hardly maintain last quota- about as they were last week. There is no change.15; Potatoes, Irish, bush. .40; Sweet, do. .50; Chicktions. Oats, of good quality, remain firm in price: in any one article that we can hear of. other sorts, however, meet a difficult sale at their former value. There is no alteration in the nominal top price of Flour. LONDON, December 19. Tobacco. The sales of Tobacco this week are about 200 bhds. chiefly Irish at 54d. and some good black Virginia at 5d. HORTICULTURAL. THE SUBSCRIBER wishes to notify the Public, that he has become the Agent for the sale of the celebrated GARDEN SEEDS of Messrs. D. & C. LANDRETH, Philadelphia. The high reputation in which these seeds are held throughout the Union, is sufficient recommenRice. The only sale of Rice to any extent is a dation without further notice. But, he will observe, parcel of good Carolina at 37s ord. yellow Mada- for the information of such as may be unacquainted gascar at 12s a 13s, and some ord. white Bengal with the fact, that (with a very trifling exception) all 15s. The holders appear disappointed that the ad- seeds sold by them are grown under their immediate vance in Wheat has produced no demand for Rice. superintendance,-each package bearing their warranAshes, Sc.-By public sale this day, 457 brls Ca-ty-and for the good quality of its contents, they hold nada Pearl Ashes 35s a 36s, 129 brl Canada Pot themselves personally responsible. The Seeds will be sold by the subscriber at the growers' prices; and purAshes 33s 6d a 54s, 178 chests East India Barrilla chasers will be supplied, in every respect, on as good terms as though they dealt at the Philadelphia Establishment. 201 a 25l 5s. Orders will also be received by him for Fruit LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE, Tuesday, Dec. 28. The imports of Wheat since Tuesday have considerably exceeded those of the previous week, and the supply is increased by the arrival of two or three cargoes of foreign; it is however, still below the quantity actually leaving the market. Of Oats, Oatmeal, and Flour the imports continue small. 3,000 to 4,000 quarters of indian Corn have arrived from the United States, the quality very fine; JONATHAN S. EASTMAN, also about 1,000 barreis sweet Flour from the same No. 36 Pratt street, Baltimore. country, and a cargo of Flour from the north of Who has on hand, a general assortment of PLOUGHS, Spain. The increased demand for Wheat last and other Agricultural Implements, as usual. ens, dozen, 3.00 a 3.50; Ducks, doz. 3.00 a 3.50; Beef, prime pieces, lb..8 a.10; Veal, .S; Mutton, .6 a.7; Pork, .6; young Pigs, dressed,.75 a 874; Sausages, per lb. .S; Onions, bush. .50; Beets, bush. .75; Turnips, bush. .25; Partridges, .64 each; Canvass-back Ducks, pair, .75, Pork, 4.00 a 4.50 per cwt.; prime Beef, 5.50 a 6.00. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On the Raising of Sheep and Mules in the South, recommended-James W. Jeffreys on his large Indian Corn-Extraordinary Cows, Importation from Switzerland recommended-Massachusetts agricultural society, official report-On the Natural formation of Soil-Sales of Cattle at the Brighton Cattle Market-Mode of Growing Early Potatoes in the North of Lancashire, England-On Feeding Cattle-Kitchen Garden Culture for February-Report of Seeds sent by the EditorVarieties of the Rose-Means of Destroying Wire Worms-Letter from “An Eastern Shore Farmer" on keeping accounts-On Manufacturing and Preserving Butter-On the value of Railways-Railways compared with Canals-The Mother-Lines on Sleep, by Peter Pindar-Grand Trotting Match in England-Silk Trade in England-Improvement in Carriages of Burthen-Meteorological Tables-Editorial, Josiah Quincy; Fecula of Sweet Potatoes; Items of Latest Foreign News, and Prices-Grain Market-Prices of Country Produce. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St. Paul and Market streets. |