John. IV. 3.) was, from the hold it had upon public opinion, resorted to as an engine in the minds of the audience of sufficient force to justify that delay of Hamlet in the execution of his purpose, which was necessary to enable our author to carry on his drama through this and the succeeding act.

(80) Polonius hides himself] The concealment of Polonius in the Queen's chamber, during the conversation between Hamlet and his mother, and the manner of his death, were suggested by the following passage in The Hystory of Hamblet, bl. 1. sig. D 1: "The counsellour entered secretly into the queene's chamber, and there hid himselfe behinde the arras, and long before the queene and Hamlet came thither; who being craftie and pollitique, as soone as hee was within the chamber, doubting some treason, and fearing if he should speake severely and wisely to his mother, touching his secret practises, hee should be understood, and by that means intercepted, used his ordinary manner of dissimulation, and began to come [r. crow] like a cocke, beating with his arms (in such manner as cockes use to strike with their wings) upon the hangings of the chamber; whereby feeling something stirring under them, he cried, a rat, a rat, and presently drawing his sworde, thrust it into the hangings; which done; pulled the counsellour (half-deade) out by the heeles, made an ende of killing him; and, being slaine, cut his body in pieces, which he caused to be boyled, and then cast it into an open vault or privie." MALONE.

(81) As kill a king] Hamlet might have thrown out this as he employed the play against the king, to "catch the conscience" of his mother; but neither in this severe attack upon her, or any where else, though he might harbour some suspicion, does he bring any direct charge of the murder of his father against his mother. Want of decency, of feeling, and the capacity of appretiating or weighing comparative merit, are his points; or, at most, conjugal infidelity. Neither in the exhibition of the mock tragedy, in which, purposely perhaps, the question is raised, whether a woman ever married a second husband who had not murdered her first, does she appear to have any way "blenched" at the suggestion; and the old Hystory, from which some of the incidents of the play are just shown to have been taken, as Mr. Malone points out, expressly negatives this imputation.

"I know well, my sonne, that I have done thee great wrong in marrying with Fengon, the cruel tyrant and murtherer of thy father, and my loyal spouse; but when thou shalt consider the small means of resistance, and the treason of the palace, with the little cause of confidence we are to expect, or hope for, of the courtiers, all wrought to his will; as also the power he made ready if I should have refused to like him; thou wouldst rather excuse, than accuse me of lasciviousness or inconstancy, much less offer me that wrong to suspect that ever thy mother Geruth

once consented to the death and murther of her husband: swearing unto thee by the majestie of the gods, that if it had layne in me to have resisted the tyrant, although it had beene with the losse of my blood, yea, and of my life, I would surely have saved the life of my lord and husband." sig. D 4.

(82) If it be made of penetrable stuff]

"I am not made of stone,

"But penetrable to your kind entreaties."

(83) Takes off the rose

R. III. Gloster, III. 7.

From the fair forehead of an innocent love,

And makes a blister there] Takes the clear tint from the brow of unspotted, untainted innocence. Whether "the rose" here means only the "roseate hue," as Mr. Malone conceives, or has any distant allusion, as Mr. Steevens would intimate, to the fashion recorded in Spenser's calendar of crowns of flowers "worn of paramours," Mr. Malone very properly insists; that that part of the forehead, which is situated between the eyebrows, was considered by our poet as the seat of innocence and modesty.

" brands the harlot

Ev'n here, between the chaste and unsmirched brow

Of my true mother." IV. 5. Laert.

And most certainly "true or honest as the skin between one's brows" was, and is a proverbial expression; is frequent in our author, and is found in the London Prodigal, 1605.

"As true as the skin between any man's brows."

Mr. Steevens has shewn a similar figurative use of the rose. "Brave sprited gentles, on whose comely front

The rose of favour sits majesticall."

Prefixed to the Whipper of the Satyre his Pennance in a White Sheet, 1601.

(84) That roars so loud, and thunders in the index] That is introduced with such formality, and so strong an appeal.

In early topography, indexes, called tables of contents, or a sort of bill of fare, were generally prefixed to books. This appears in several parts of our author.

"An inder and obscure prologue to the history," &c.
Othel. II. 7. Iago.

"And in such indexes, although small pricks
To their subsequent volumes." Tr. and Cr. I. 3. Nestor.

(85) Look here, upon this picture, and on this] Mr. Malone tells us, that in a print prefixed to Rowe's edit. of 1709, the two royal portraits are exhibited as half lengths, hanging in the

queen's closet. There can be little doubt that such was the furniture of the stage in our author's day, and that the respective portraits were pointed out by the finger in representation: and such, probably, continued to be the course down to the death of Betterton. In modern practice miniatures are produced from the neck and pocket. The "pictures in little” of that age, of which, in common with his contemporaries, our author speaks in II. 2. (Haml. to Rosencr.) might have been as commodiously used for this purpose as modern miniatures; but by this process the audience are not permitted to judge of what they hear, to make any estimate of the comparative defects and excellencies even of the features: and as to the "station” or imposing attitude," the combination and the form," it is impossible, in so confined a space, that these could be presented to each other; that of these, even the parties themselves should be able to form any adequate idea.

(86) The counterfeit presentment] Picture, or mimic representation. "Portia's counterfeit," M. of V. Bassan. III. 2. "There never was counterfeit of passion came so near the life of passion." M. ado, &c. II. 3. Leon. Mr. Steevens observes, that we meet with several of the ideas found here in much the same terms in Marston's Insatiate Countess, 1613.

"A donative he hath of every God;

Apollo gave him locks, Jove his high front."

(87) A station like the herald Mercury,

New-lighted on a heaven-kissing hill] Station is manner of standing, i. e. attitude. "A gait, a state." L. L. L. IV. 3. Biron.

"How this grace

Speaks his own standing." Tim. I. 1. Poet.

"Her motion and her station are as one."

Ant. and Cl. III. 3. Mess.

For heaven-kissing hill, see Tr. and Cr. IV. 5. Ulyss. and Pericl. I. 4. Cleon.

(88) And batten on this moor] Feed rankly. From bat, increase, we have batten, battle, battill, to feed and to grow fat. Batten occurs in Lycidas, v. 39, and Mr. Steevens cites Claud. Tiberius Nero, 1607.

"And for milk

I battened was with blood," &c.

In the F. Q. VI. VIII. 38. Spenser writes,

"For sleepe, they sayd, would make her battil better."

"But if the earth, thus ordered, swelleth or retcheth out, then is it a sure note, that the same is a battell and fat ground.” Dethick's Gardener's Labyrinth, 4to. 1586. p. 6.

In Baret's Alvearie, Fo. 1580. we have, " battle and fertile." lætum et ferax. Battleness. abundance, fruitfulness. Ubertas, fertilitas.

We have the adjective "batful pastures" in Thomas's Historye of Italye, 1549, p. 1. and it occurs throughout Drayton; and in Whittintoni Lucubrationes, 4to. 1527, "Batwell, or fatte. Pinguis."

Mr. Todd says, that Cotgrave, in his old French Dictionary, writes, " to battle, or get flesh;" and adds, " to battle, as schollers doe in Oxford. Estre debteur au college pour ses vivres." Spens. VII. 52.

(89) The hey-day of the blood] High day is Johnson's explanation of hey-day; and in the M. of V. we have,

"Thou expend'st such high-day wit in praising him."
II. 9. Portia.

It must mean the meridian glow. Mr. Stevens cites, 'Tis pity she's a whore, 1633. Must the hey-day of your luxury be fed up to a surfeit?

(90) Sense, sure, you have,

Else could you not have motion] Motion is simply the faculty of moving. Sense is sensation, feeling, apprehension; much as it is used just above, "That it be proof and bulwark against sense," where it means "all feeling." Or, as in Cymb. "Remain thou here (putting on a ring)

While sense can keep it on." I. 2. Posthum.

(91) Nor sense to ecstacy was ne'er so thrall'd,

But it reserv'd, &c.] Nor was understanding ever so debased or mastered by a phrenzy so extravagant, as not to have reserved, &c.

(92) -at hoodman-blind] Blindman's-buff.

"Why should I play at hoodman-blind?

Wise Wom. of Hogsden, 1638. And in Two Lamentable Tragedies in One, &c. 1601:

"Pick out men's eyes, and tell them that's the sport "Of hood-man blind." STEEVENS.

(93) If thou can'st mutine] Rebel. Mutineers are, V. 1. Haml., called mutines: and for the verb, Mr. Malone cites Knolles's History of the Turks, 1603: "The Janisaries-became wonderfully discontented, and began to mutine in diverse places of the citie." MALONE.

(94) And reason panders will]

"When reason is the bawd to lust's abuse.”

Ven, and Adon. MALONE.

(95) In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed] In the filthy stew of grossly fed indulgence.

The reading of the quarto, 1611, is incestuous, though in another we have inseemed. Neither is the word in the text, or seam, to be found in any such sense as that of the text in our early lexicographers, or Minshieu; though Mr. Todd, in commenting upon

"And bounteous Trent, that in himself enseems

Both thirty sorts of fish and thirty sundry streams,"

F. Q. IV. XI. 35, thinks it probably derived from ensemencer, old Fr. to furnish with seed. Dr. Johnson has here interpreted the word greasy but neither is it to be found in his dictionary in this, or the word seam in any, sense. Mrs. Page, however, speaking of the knight, uses greasily in this sense. M. W. of W. II.1. and see 66 greasily," L. L. L. IV. 1. Maria.

Mr. Steevens instances the third of Four Plays in One:

"His leachery inseam'd upon him." B. and Fl.

In The Book of Hawkyng, &c. bl. 1. no date, we are told that "Ensayme of a hauke is the grece."

In Randle Holme's Academy of Armory and Blazon, B. II. ch. ii. p. 238, we are told that " Enseame is the purging of a hawk from her glut and grease." From the next page in the same work, we learn that the glut is "a slimy substance in the belly of the hawk."

He adds, in some places it means hogs' lard, in others, the grease or oil with which clothiers besmear their wool to make it draw out in spinning. Mr. Henley says, in the West of England the inside fat of a goose, when dissolved by heat, is called its seam; and Shakspeare has used the word in the same sense in Tr. and Cr.

shall the proud lord,

"That bastes his arrogance with his own seam." II. 3.

(96) A vice of kings] This character, which Mr. Douce says (Illustrat. II. 251) "belonged to the old moralities," is said, by Mr. Warton, as introduced here, to mean a fantastic and factitious image of majesty, a mere puppet of royalty.”

"And on your stall a puppet with a vice."
B. Jonson's Alchymist, I.3.

And see II. H. IV. Falst. III. 2.

(97) A king

Of shreds and patches] This is said, pursuing the idea of the vice of kings. The vice was dressed as a fool, in a coat of party-coloured patches. JOHNSON.

(98) laps'd in time and passion] That, having suffered time to slip, and passion to cool, let's go, &c. JOHNSON.