51

Denver....

52 ..do

53

....do

COLORADO.

50 Colorado Springs Private instruction.. Alice W. Baker..... 1 1 13

15

a In 1891 Isaac F. Myers gave instruction to 66 persons, including 1 by mail, teaching Benn Pitman's and Graham's phonography.

a manual was afterwards published by Geronimo A. Blanco.

hand is taught in the Colegio de Vargas and graduates report the proceedings of the Congress.

SHORTHAND IN THE UNITED STATES.

Systems of stenography resembling the earliest English methods were used in America almost contemporaneously with their publication, but no text-book was brought out until after the United States had become established as a republic. Gurney's and Taylor's systems were principally used, and the art was taught to a limited extent. the time of the introduction of phonography Gould's treatises, based on Taylor's stenography, were the best known works on the art. The debates of the First Congress of the United States were reported unofficially by Thomas Lloyd. These were published in 1791 and were followed by reports made by other stenographers and privately printed. Up to 1848 the Congressional Globe published weekly an abstract of debates and such speeches as were furnished by members of Congress. From that time until 1873 the reports were published in the Daily Globe, and since then in the Congressional Record. In 1873 the former arrangements for reporting were changed so as to provide five reporters of the House of Representatives, and the reporting of the Senate is done by contract, the same number of stenographers being employed. All use some modification of phonography..

Six

In 1844 Stephen Pearl Andrews published "The Phonographic Class Book," embodying the principles of Isaac Pitman's system, and the following year in conjunction with Augustus French Boyle began the extensive publication of text-books presenting the same method. teen editions each were printed of the Class Book and the Reader within ten years, and other books designed to conduct the student to verbatim reporting were prepared and published. The issue of this excellent and complete series of text-books was the means of introducing the system to thousands of persons.

In January, 1846, Andrews and Boyle issued the first number of "The American Phonographic Journal," containing eight pages of engraved shorthand, and during that year the "Anglo-Saxon," a weekly newspaper printed in phonetic type and devoted to "the writing and printing reform," began to be issued by the same publishers. As an illustration of the rapid dissemination of the art it may be mentioned that in 1851 there were said to be 6,000 persons who had been taught phonography in Philadelphia.

The introduction of shorthand as a means of expediting business correspondence has taken place within fifteen years, and principally within the past decade, the increased use within five years being very marked. In the majority of the schools in which the art is now taught it has been introduced since 1885.

Statistics of 276 schools and classes in which shorthand was taught in the year 1882, were published in "The teaching, practice, and literature of shorthand," issued as Circular of Information No. 2, 1884, of the U. S. Bureau of Education. According to these figures a grand total of 12,470 persons received instruction during the twelve months specified, of which number 10,197 persons (6,032 males and 2,904 females, the sex of 1,261 being unreported) were taught orally and 2,273 by mail. A subsequent table gave data in reference to the introduction of shorthand in 23 schools and classes in which 264 students were instructed.

To obtain the information contained in the following tables 11,000 circulars have been sent out and a very large personal correspondence conducted. It has been necessary to devote many months in learning, from all available sources, the addresses of teachers of the art and in awaiting their responses, which in the case of voluntary statistics such as these are often received only after personal and repeated requests have been made. The tables show that from July 1, 1889, to June 30, 1890, 57,375 persons received instruction in shorthand. Of this number, 23,325 males and 26,005 females (the sex of 817 being unreported) were taught in schools and classes; 7,228 by mail. Of the students by correspondence 3,744 were males and 3,208 females, the sex of 276 not being stated in the returns.

In the subsequent table statistics are given in reference to 229 schools and classes in which shorthand was introduced during the scholastic year ended June 30, 1891. The number of persons taught orally was 4,150, which with those instructed by mail, makes a grand total of 4,738. Of the former class 2,474 were males and 1,658 females. The sex of a considerable number was not indicated by the reports sent in.