elements. He cured with it obstinate chlorosis in scrofulous girls, testicular indurations, strictures of the urethra, &c. Dr. Xavier Martin found the Adelheidsquelle extremely curative in mesenteric atrophy of little children. Their emaciated appearance, pale complexion, hollow eyes, pointed noses-their voraciousness, their clay-coloured excretions, and their enlarged mesenteric glands betrayed the evil, and induced the doctor to employ the water in small quantities, with or without warm milk. Success very frequently resulted. In scrofulous ophthalmia he found cold external applications of the Adelheidsquelle highly useful: in amenorrhoea and chronic ovaritis he witnessed decided cures from the spa.

M. Fellerer, from the Hospital of Incurables, states that J. M., thirty-eight years of age, had been affected from his childhood with various glandular swellings. Subsequently, scrofulous ulcers appeared on the right foot, and were complicated with caries; his illness was aggravated by an increasing enlargement of the thyroid gland, so that at his reception his struma was enormous, weighing about four pounds, and impeding respiration and speech more and more. After an ineffectual treatment by pharmaceutic remedies, Adelheidsquelle was ordered (which is furnished gratuitously to the hospital by Mr. Debler). Persevering employment of this remedy for six months effected a complete cure of the goître, and the patient would have been discharged but for the presence of the carious ulcers.

Dr. Horger relates an instance. of incontinence of urine in a patient of eighty years of age, which was cured by the spa. Dr. Caron du Val cured with the same water several cases of chronic vesical catarrh, accompanied by spasms and pain of the bladder ; also hepatic hypertrophy, induration of the neck of the womb, and of the mammary glands. Dr. Heigl, of Ratisbon, employed the water with almost specific efficacy in urinary disorders, especially in gravel, dysuria, enuresis, enlargement of the prostate gland, &c.

Dr. Wetzler records an instance of a gentleman who had suffered for eleven years from the most painful dysuria and urethral blennorrhage, resembling gonorrhoea. The patient had to get up several times at night, and walk about for hours in the room, to obtain relief from the violent vesical and urethral pains. Frequent involuntary emissions added to his distress. He was completely cured by Adelheidsquelle, and occasional doses of Püllna whenever his bowels acted too sluggishly. A child of ten

weeks, emaciated and wrinkled in appearance, vomited after it had been fed, and had besides twenty to thirty alvine evacuations daily the tongue was covered with mucus and small ulcers, the pulse almost imperceptible and extremely frequent, the temperature of the abdomen and forehead heightened, and the extremities cold. The first child had died at the age of twelve weeks from consumption, and the mother was desolate at the probable loss of this her second child. Dr. Wetzler recommended her to give it some broth five or six times a day, and almond-milk to drink, and he sent her a bottle of Adelheidsquelle, with the direction to give the child two teaspoonfuls three times a day. After a fortnight half the bottle was used, and the recovery so advanced that further medical treatment was dispensed with.

Increase of urinary secretion and improvement of appetite are considered as the invariable and immediate results of the water. Dr. Schweiger, of Benedictbeuern, communicates a case of scrofulous tuberculosis, with remittent fever, that had been cured at Heilbrunn, besides several scrofulous complaints. The Adelheidsquelle may then be employed with great confidence in scrofula, and in lymphatic struma. Acidity and inveterate mucosity generally prevailing in this habit, the utility of the carbonate and. muriate of soda is apparent.

The swelling of hæmorrhoidal vessels round the neck of the bladder, and the mucus formed in consequence, cause the bladder to become very sensitive. Hence, as soon as the irritating liquid arrives from the kidneys, pain is experienced, and contraction of the bladder ensues. But in proportion as this irritation increases the vesical nerves become more susceptible, and thus they react against the irritating particles by spasms of the sphincter, of the bladder, and of the contractile cellular tissue of the urethra. Thus, as soon as the urine collects at night, the patient is awakened by a painful desire of micturition, which he cannot satisfy, in consequence of the spasmodic contraction mentioned. Such cases are extremely distressing, and become more intractable and complicated if treated with cubebs, copaiva, or astringent injections.

The utility of the spa in gravel and lithiasis is due to its carbonate and muriate of soda: for, as most calculous diseases proceed from excess of uric acid or urate of ammonia in the blood, carbonate of soda, which neutralises this acidity, is highly useful-urate of soda being formed and removed out of the circulating mass. The smaller number of calculi formed from oxalate of lime or phosphates are supposed to be favourably influenced by culinary

salt, with anodyne and antispasmodic remedies, because, through a chemico-vital process, the oxalic acid may absorb another atom of oxygen, and become transformed into carbonic acid. This acid may yield its place to the chlorine, which forms a soluble chloride of calcium (after the lime has given up its atom of oxygen), whilst carbonic acid becomes attracted by soda. In those calculi formed from insoluble phosphates, the culinary salt is thought to act beneficially by attracting the phosphoric acid, which combines with soda into soluble phosphate of soda, whilst the chlorine may enter into combination with ammonia, and thus break up the hitherto compact insoluble mass before completely hardening. The Adelheidsquelle, containing both these curative salts, is naturally very efficacious in various forms of lithiasis and gravel.

As the blood is thought to owe its stimulating property to the muriate and carbonate of soda, a diminished proportion of these salts, with an abnormal preponderance of phosphates and urates, must engender acrimony and dyscrasy. The wasting of the mammary gland, occasionally observed under the pharmaceutic use of iodine, never occurs in the employment of Adelheidsquelle.

LECTURE XV.

NENNDORF-EILSEN-MEINBERG-AIX-LA-CHAPELLE.

LET us now pursue our journey, and travel as far as Cologne. Hence we cross the bridge and pass by the Northern Railroad from Deutz through Hamm, Minden, &c. to Haste-station; near it we find Nenndorf, in the Principality of Lippe-Schaumburg. It belongs to Electoral Hesse. Its latitude N. is 52°—its long. E. 9°. On account of the disagreeable odour proceeding from the well, the inhabitants used to call the locality Auf dem Teufelsdreck.' But no particular notice was taken of the circumstance, and even as late as 1784, the learned Erhart complains of the non-appreciation of such a powerful sulphurous water, though some steps had already been taken a few years previously to clean and enclose the well.

6

The season lasts from the 1st of June to the 1st of September -only three months. Here, again, provision is made for supplying the necessary accommodation gratuitously to indigent invalids. The arrangements of the baths are excellent in every respect. The so-called Esplanade serves as a rendezvous for the valetudinarians, who collect in the morning to drink their prescribed draughts, while entertained with music. A pleasant park affords numerous walks for exercise.

In the heat of summer a covered and shady walk leads to a gentle eminence, from which numerous localities in the charming environs may be discerned. Temple-like enclosures and benches for resting are interspersed about the different walks.

You will not find such luxury and pleasure-seeking here as in the Nassau and other spas, the manner of living being on a more moderate scale. Nenndorf possesses four principal springs: three of these arise at the Esplanade, near each other. The seasons exercise a very slight influence on the quantity of the water.

The obere Brunnen or grosse Badequelle, about 200 feet from the 'Trinkquelle,' supplies 2,500 cubic feet of water in twenty

four hours, chiefly used for the preparation of baths. An extensive reservoir is constructed near the source.

The second spring, the Quelle unter dem Gewölbe (source under the vault), lies nearer the drinking-spring, in the neighbourhood of the Arcade and bathing-house: supply, 2,000 cubic feet of

water.

The Trinkquelle (drinking-spring) has a basin four feet in depth, and supplies about 3,300 cubic feet of water per day.

The fourth spring lies about half a league farther, auf dem breiten Felde' (on the broad field); rarely used for baths; its. supply is 2,400 cubic feet per day.

The rocks are chiefly composed of lias-formation, distinguished by petrified remains of antediluvian vegetables and animals, and consisting of alternate layers of sandstone, marl, marl-slate, and limestone, which respectively compose the neighbouring mountains.

The temperature of the three first sources is 524° Fahrenheit, summer and winter. The water is perfectly clear and colourless, and no rising of air-bubbles or sparkling can be observed. The smell of sulphuretted hydrogen is very marked in all-the taste bitterish. The water is freely drunk by the inhabitants, even in a heated state of the body, with impunity. If the sulphur-water be left exposed for some time in an open vessel, small air-bubbles arise, composed of sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid. After some time the water becomes turbid, till a deposit of sulphur and carbonate of lime restores the former clearness. To cause as little loss of the efficient gas as possible, the baths are heated with vapour generated by the sulphur-water. As regards the composition of the springs, they vary more in quantity than in quality; the Gewölbequelle is the most abundant, the Trinkquelle less, and the Badequelle least. For the baths these three

are used conjointly.

Sulphate of lime or gypsum is the principal ingredient (63 gr.); the next is sulphate of soda (nearly 5 gr.), then carbonate of lime (4 gr.) and sulphate of magnesia (24 gr.), chloride of magnesium (1 gr.), sulphate of potash (4 gr.). Besides some alumina and bituminous substance, a combination of hydrosulphuric acid with sulphuret of calcium exists in the water. When the sulphuretted hydrogen has been all evolved by boiling, and paper moistened with a solution of acetate of lead ceases to be darkened by it, you have merely to add a few drops of sulphuric acid, and the appearance of (formerly combined) sulphuretted hydrogen will become