amount of oxygen for the decarbonisation of the blood. The chest thus becomes more expanded, the head more raised, and the muscular apparatus better developed. The regular walks not only serve as derivatives by drawing the blood from the internal organs to the extremities and surface, diminishing the tendency to internal congestions and to injurious plastic changes, but they lighten the burden of the smaller capillaries. The muscular movements induce constant waste of tissue; the effete particles thus eliminated, either in a gaseous form (by skin and lungs) or in liquid and solid form (by the renal and other emunctories) have to be replaced by the blood, newly formed out of food. The diminished blood naturally flows more freely through the smaller vessels, and returns more easily to the centre of circulation. This facilitated reflux of venous blood prevents many of those numerous diseases due to the so-called 'torpid liver.'

But the visitors must guard against the other extreme, of being enticed to excessive pedestrian exercise. This would prove more injurious than complete rest. For all the benefits ascribed to quiet, moderate and regular walking would be lost by overstraining the muscular and nervous systems. Pains and other signs of nervous over-exertion would ensue and be transmitted to the central nervous system. A feeling of general exhaustion and debility would naturally follow and impede the regular functions of the various organs of reproduction. Many diseases have been aggravated, and dangerous results produced by such inconsiderate excess. The proper measure to be observed by every valetudinarian is this-there must be a feeling of comfort and pleasant languor after the walk, so that rest becomes refreshing. But if the slightest exhaustion or pain is felt, even some time after resting, the pedestrian has decidedly overstepped the bounds of healthy exercise.

HEINRICHSBAD, Swiss whey establishment, in the Canton of Appenzell-Ausserrhoden, two miles north-east of Herisau, half a mile from Winkeln Station, south of St. Gallen, and west of Gais, at an altitude of 2410' over the level of the sea, enjoys a beautiful situation. A large Curhaus is erected here to accommodate about 120 guests. It is protected against violent winds, and has altogether a more sheltered position than Gais and Gonten, the air being somewhat milder and moister on account of the peat-ground covering some portions of the neighbourhood. Two chalybeate springs arise in the vicinity, and are employed for drinking and bathing, to assist the whey-cure in cases of great anæmia and debility, in ' renal and vesical pains,' &c. The goat whey is prepared on the Santis; cow's whey, for baths, at the establishment.

Physicians-Drs. Fisch and Tobler.

WEISSBAD, whey establishment, two miles south-east of Appenzell, 2,524' over the level of the sea, south of Trogen and of Gais, the most sheltered of the group, being surrounded by the promontories of the high Alps, and situated in a section of a narrow, deep meadow-valley replete with foliage. Fine shady walks from the cur-haus along the three brooks, which join here to form the Sitter, afford exercise and shelter against the

heat of the sun. Further walks on the shore of the Sitter to Appenzell, and along the Schwendibach to the Alp, and to the village of Schwendi, can be made on an even but not shady road. As only 130 to 140 visitors can be accommodated at the establishment, it is advisable to bespeak rooms before arrival. The climate is not only milder than that of Gais, on account of the more thorough protection against all winds, but also moister, the air being more saturated with watery vapour, partly from the rapidly flowing rivers, and partly from its greater proximity to the Alps, by ascending fogs from the valleys. When Gais is only cloudy, Weissbad is generally treated with rain. When clouds and fogs have been long expelled from Gais by the sun after a storm, they are still often hovering densely over Weissbad. While thus patients may be sent here, even in a more advanced state of phthisis, for whom the protection of Gais and even of Heiden would be insufficient, the climate is, on the other hand, too relaxing, and in the clear sunny days the heat too oppressive, for torpid and phlegmatic habits, and for those who are only affected with atony of the thoracic organs or with incipient phthisis.

Physicians-Dr. Hersche, of Appenzell, and Dr. Zellweger, of Trogen.

HELIGOLAND, an island under 'British possession, lies free in the North Sea, under a latitude N. of 54°, and a longitude E. of 64°. It is nearly equidistant of the mouths of the Elbe and Weser, and consists of an almost perpendicular rock of variegated sandstone 206 feet high, with a length of 2,200 yards and a width of 650, the whole circumference amounting to about 13,800 feet. It may be reached from Hamburg by steamer in eight to twelve hours. A flat triangular foreland spreads to the northern declivity of the island, and about a mile to its east, sparingly cultivated. Downs rise to a height of about 80 feet, and serve as a bathing-place with their firm sandy ground. But as the passage to the downs is often prevented by stormy weather, or causes sea-sickness to sensitive persons, places have been erected on the strand of the island, where the different sexes bathe at various hours. The little town possesses about 4,000 inhabitants. From the foreland, about 200 steps lead to the so-called 'Oberland,' where numerous excellent hotels and private residences are found capable of accommodating about 1,500 visitors at a time. Sea excursions round the island are sometimes made at night with torchlights. Balls and concerts at the conversation-house are frequently given for the amusement of the visitors. Heligoland possesses the advantage of a pure, bracing, and stimulating maritime climate, without any disturbing influence, and is peculiarly adapted for vigorous persons requiring sea-baths with strong movements of waves. Weakly or sensitive individuals are not to be advised to resort here, as nervous excitement with feverish irritability, giddiness, and subsequent languor and relaxation, generally ensue the first few days, but gradually subside, as the system gets acclimatised. Moreover, absence of shady walks causes too strong a reflex of light, and must be particularly injurious to persons affected with sensitive or irritable sight.

Physician-Dr. von Aschen.

HERINGSDORF, Baltic sea-bath, 5 miles north-west of Swinemünde, between Rostock and Colberg, 40 miles north of Stettin, lat. N. 54°, and about 13° long. E. lies on a mountainous ridge (150′ high) of the island of Usedom, formed by the rivers Peene and Swine. Shady pine-foliage abounds in the village. The temperature is equable during June, July, and August, rarely disturbed by rain. Mean temperature of summer, 63° Fahr., and of the sea, 63 to 653° Fahr. North and northwest sea-winds predominate. The bathing-places have a smooth, firm, and even sand, and are protected against the land winds by the high shore and its abundant forests, whilst the open space towards the north, east, and west, allows a free breaking of waves against the strand. The residences offer a fine prospect of the sea. The pleasant situation and rural aspect of the social little village, give it a great preference over more noisy and fashionable watering-places, especially in canvalescence after prolonged diseases, when the mind requires freedom of conventional traffic to regain its former elasticity and vigour.. In an hour's ride, the place is reached from Swinemünde, which stands in constant steam communication with Stettin (time of journey about six hours). Season from middle of June to September.

Physicians-Drs. Smege, von Wallenstedt.

HAVRE DE GRACE, French sea-bath on the Channel, just opposite Brighton, at the mouth of the Seine, a thriving town with 21,000 inhabitants and many well laid out gardens and promenades, may be reached by rail from Paris in six and a half hours, and by steamers from London or Brighton. The town is divided into the old portion, and the more northerly newer part called Ingouville, which lies on a rising ground, extending from east to west as far as the neat village of Sanvic, studded with beautiful houses and luxuriant well-arranged gardens. The neighbouring charming village of St. Addresse is laid out with great taste, and covered with fine villas and abundant foilage. The sea-bathing is excellent here, and offers the advantage of the flood-tide remaining in about three hours daily. Thus the visitors save the tedious road over an extensive strand, and may enjoy a bath that has been unusually long exposed and agitated by the sea-winds. It has, therefore, very bracing properties, and deserves the preference when amusement and social intercourse are sought to be combined with the restorative influence of sea-bathing. Physicians-Drs. Launay, Lecadre, Lefebure. English physician-Dr.

Tarrel.

TROUVILLE, a small rural sea-bath, near Havre, lying on the southern arm of the bay formed by the mouth of the Seine, whilst Havre occupies the end of the northern arm. The situation is thus more sheltered against bleak sea-winds, and the force of the waves somewhat broken, whilst it possesses a fine firm sandy ground for bathing. Persons inclined to irritation of thoracic organs, or to affections of the nervous system, will find this a more congenial and suitable summer residence than the neighbouring Havre. Accommodation satisfactory. But the visitors must

guard against dangerous quicksands, and should on no account bathe in the sea without guides, as only two years ago a whole family perished from this cause in trying to save each other.

Physicians-Dr. Allies, Dr. Roccas.

HYERES, a town in Provence, department of the Var, in the southeastern portion of France, 11 miles east of Toulon, with which it is connected by rail and by diligence. The station is about three miles distant; the Mediterranean sea two and a half miles. Lat. N. 43°, long.

E. about 6°. It lies on the southern slope of a hill, surrounded by mountains, which close it in and protect it completely towards the north only, whilst the west and north-west winds are not fully intercepted. The mistral (north-west wind) sometimes penetrates with great violence through a deep indent of the valley, and produces sudden coolness. In the mornings and evenings especially, vicissitudes of temperature occur through the changes of land and sea winds. The air is, however, in general more mild, and the climate more equable than at Nice, on account of the radiation and reflexion of the solar rays, produced by the amphitheatre-like enclosure of the surrounding heights; whilst, on the other hand, the chilling Alpine ranges lie somewhat farther off. The annual number of rainy days only amounts to forty, and these generally occur in October and November. Winter and spring sometimes offer an uninterrupted number of fine clear days. But the noxious and cold north-northeast wind occasionally prevails in winter, and counteracts by its passage over the ice-clad Alps the milder and humid winds coming from the Mediterranean. Vegetation is extremely luxurious, and almost tropical, and the environs charming. It is adapted as a winter residence for persons affected with chronic pulmonary ailments or incipient phthisis, if there is more atony and torpor in the constitution than inflammatory or congestive tendency. Season from December to May. The eastern part of the town and basin is the most protected against the north winds, and the temperature therefore less variable there. Patients of an irritable, nervous, or vascular system, are recommended to reside at Costebelle, lying about two miles from the town on the southern declivity of a hill. On the high road to Toulon, a beautiful and commodious hotel (Les Iles d'Or) is erected on the slope of the charming Schlossberg, with various buildings attached for private residences and pensions. It contains a sunny pavilion, covered with glass, and capable of being heated in cold winter days. Its terraces afford a beautiful view of the sea. But it is necessary to mention that, however favourable the climate in some winters, the cold of one night was sufficiently intense to destroy all the orange trees. Though vines and olive trees cover the bases of the hills, while evergreen shrubs abound at their tops with an abundance of rosemary, lavender, and other aromatic plants, the occasional blowing of the mistral counteracts a great portion of these advantages. Consumptive patients especially ought to remain confined to their rooms during its prevalence. But, with proper precautions, it is one of the mildest climates in the Provence. Population of the town, above 9,000. Most frequented hotel: Hôtel des Ambassadeurs. Physicians-Drs. Allegre, Honoraty, Chassinat, Verignon.

CANNES, a French town in the department of the Var, on the bay of Cannes, station of the Toulon-Nice Railway, 21 miles south-south-west of Nice (an hour's ride); five hours' ride from Toulon; most charmingly situated in a valley, completely protected by the high Estérel Mountains towards west and north, whilst the sea-winds are freely admitted from the south. Lower mountain ridges take their course towards east and north-east, and intercept the lower aerial currents. A beautiful view of the environs may be obtained on the summit of Mount Chevalier. Wooded rising ground at the back, and the Lerin islands in front, with the delightful walks amongst the valleys and mountains of the neighbourhood, present it as one of the most picturesque spots in the south of France. South-south-east and north-east winds mostly prevail in the cold season. The climate greatly resembles that of Hyères. Mean annual temperature, 61° Fahr.; winter, 51° Fahr.; spring, 65° Fahr.; autumn, 5 Fahr. Annual rainy days, fifty-two. The climate is milder than that of Nice, less humid and relaxing than that of Pau, and would therefore suit many persons with chronic, laryngeal, or bronchial catarrhs, for whom Nice would be too irritating. Social life is, in general, more pleasant, and accommodation considerably greater and more varied than in the Riviera. Besides the Grand Hôtel de Cannes, Gray's Family Hotel, Bellevue, &c., there are numerous villas and pensions on the road to Toulon, lying in a well-protected situation, and affording ample accommodation. The easy access by steamer from Marseilles, as well as by rail, is another recommendation. Population, 5,800. Physicians-Drs. Seve and Whitley.

,57°

HARROGATE, in the west riding of Yorkshire, 210 miles north-west of King's Cross or Euston Square Station (seven hours' railway journey), 18 miles north of Leeds, is beautifully situated on high tableland with cultivated grounds and blooming heaths, and exposed to the bracing winds and exhilarating atmosphere of an open and hilly country. It contains nearly 100 mineral springs, which have been divided into four classes, viz. sulphurous saline, saline chalybeate, pure chalybeate, and earthy. Population, nearly 5,000.

The Old Sulphur Well contains in sixteen ounces 68 grains of chloride of sodium, 6·4 of chloride of potassium, 55 chloride of magnesium, 81 chloride of calcium, 15 sulphuret of sodium, 12 carbonate of lime; traces of bromide of sodium, of iodide of sodium, of fluoride of calcium, of carbonate of iron and of manganese; of organic matter and some silica, 109 grains altogether; gaseous contents, 5 cubic inches, viz. 2 carbonic acid, carburetted hydrogen, 2 sulphuretted hydrogen, about nitrogen. Dr. James Johnson describes the quality of the water thus: If a venerable and rusty gun-barrel which had not been fired since the Spanish Armada were well scoured out with boiling sea-waterand if to these washings were added a few stale or rotten eggs — and finally, if a stream of sulphuretted and carburetted hydrogen from one of the main gas-pipes in Regent-street were directed through this witch's caudle, till it was supersaturated, then we should have a perfect imitation of Aix-la-Chapelle, Leamington, and Harrogate. Indeed, the FontaineElisée itself at Aix is little better than milk and water, compared with