The Fetches, is a story of the true supernatural. You are given to understand that previous to death the shade or form of the person about to die presents itself to his dearest friends; why, or wherefore, does not appear. This tale is decidedly the worst of the three; it is painful, disagreeable, false in almost every respect, and unredeemed by any decided merit.—The last, John Doe, is perhaps as entertaining as any of the three-it is very spirited in parts, but as a whole is ill-conducted, improbable, and confused. Many scenes are, however, drawn with vigour; the Irish character, that most extraordinary phænomenon in human na◄ ture, is well and truly exhibited-and the state of manners in one division of the country is pretty faithfully delineated. We exhort the writer to go on-we wish to see more from his pen-though not more Tales by the O'Hara Family. Let him trust to his observation more, and to his imagination less.

BUTLERIANA.

FROM UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS.

No. I.

It is pleasant and instructive too to take a peep into the study of a celebrated author, and watch the process by which he arrives at celebrity ; to mark the first draft of a work, and trace the various alterations and polishings which it undergoes before it is deemed worthy of meeting the eye of the great world. Where excellence has been attained, the labour has in general not been slight, nor the time short. Inspiration descends in the likeness of a dove only upon the heads of a very few of the favoured of heaven: the greater part of those whose eyes and resolutions are fixed on performing something deserving of praise, must supply its place by silent toil and unceasing diligence. Of the latter class was Samuel Butler, a great quantity of whose unpublished manuscripts are now in our possession, from which we are able to trace the mode of composition which he practised. Butler's progress was by toilsome steps and slow;" although he was one of the wittiest, he was also one of the most learned of authors: he had not only read every thing which was commonly read by the philosophers and poets of his time, but he had deviated into all the obscure corners and bye ways of literature, and devoured whatever was strange or fantastical, learned or ridiculous. The extent of his knowledge was only equalled by the keenness of his observation, and the brilliancy of his wit. He had an eye for every thing whimsical or singular, the most exquisite perception of the resemblances and differences of things; his comparisons are uncommon, and his combinations surprising. Of these characteristics, the manuscripts

afford abundant examples. They are partly in prose and partly in verse, and are generally written in a distinct and particularly small hand. They appear to have been his common-place books, in which he registered such thoughts as flitted across his mind; the prose and poetry are separate, and are divided into separate heads, such as Religion, Law, Physic, Chemistry, Astrology, &c. The poetical common-place book, to which our attention in this paper is particularly directed, consists of a collection of detached thoughts and comparisons arranged under the above heads, and sometimes continued for many pages together, and written consecutively but without order and connexion. Though put down quite at random, the thoughts and illustrations are, when taken separately, perfect in themselves. It is remarkable that many of them are repeated in the same or in different pages, and some of them which appear to have been special favourites several times. They are, however, seldom varied from what appears to have been his first conception of them. Butler's observation was naturally turned to those things which occupied the attention of the nation at that time; religion, government, and law are the subjects on which he has chiefly commented in the manuscripts under consideration. Those are varied with witty remarks on astrology, physic, &c. Many thoughts, and some whole paragraphs with different degrees of alteration, and sometimes with none, have been transferred from the common-place books into Hudibras. Indeed, Hudibras seems actually to have grown out of these very books; in Hudibras the narrative is a mere accident introduced for the purpose of enlivening the satire. Butler's design was to satirize the absurdities of the theology of the day, the follies of credulous ignorance, the Charlatanism of crafty roguery, and the abuses of government. On these subjects he has a great variety of remarks and similitudes in his common-place books, both in prose and verse; and these polished, and amplified, and thrown into the shape of a narrative, make up the extraordinary poem of Hudibras. A few extracts from the manuscripts are subjoined, partly on account of their peculiarity, and partly as specimens of his mode of composition.

The following lines are taken from the part entitled Law.

For breaking of the laws of the land, at least,

Is more than half the public interest,

That might as prudently have ne'er been made

As punctually by every one obey'd;

For then they would but signify all one,

In wise and cautious governments, with none;
For what but breaking of the law supports
The necessary dignity of courts;
That but for murders, felony's, and stealth's,
Would be no real parts of commonwealths;
For how could justice bear the vast expense,
If none should dare to give the laws offence.
For numbers may t' infinity be grown,
But never be diminish'd below onc.

Without the tale of numbers birds are wont
To keep of time an exquisite account;
Can cast up all their reckonings, how long
They are to sit before they hatch their young,
And all that time can tell at what o'clock
The hen's expected to relieve the cock,
To recreate his weariness, and when
He is to do the same thing for the hen.

Time allows the shortest measure,

And deals with falsest weights in pleasure :
Steals th' idle and itself away,

And is the greatest cheat in play.

Time made truth, like El'nor at Queen Hythe,
Sink under ground for fear to spoil his scythe;
For though at once it mow down age and youth,

It turns edge when it ventures upon truth.

Some other couplets are distinguished by the curious manner in which opposite things are brought together, and some by the singularity of the rhyme. We add a few examples.

For to hang oneself is counted no disgrace,

But to be hang'd by others vile and base.
A Papist

Is but an ignorant implicit atheist,
That thinks to be religious without piety,
And eats instead of worshipping the deity.
As salt rusts iron and steel, so too much wit
Debases valour when they chance to meet.
That could discover only by the smoke
Tobacco-stoppers of the royal oak.

The ancient jews did mourn in sack-cloth
As modern Christians do in black cloth.

So he that had been cur'd by flies that got
By chance into the medicine and the pot;
But when the dose was spent: he sent for more
With those black creatures in it he took before;

For men are brought to worse distresses,
By catching physic than diseases

And therefore commonly recover

As soon as Doctors give them over.

Those pigs the devil did possess,
Mistook themselves for porpoises;
And run into the sea to find,

And mix with others of their kind.

The following are specimens of the manner in which the Common

place Book is composed.

As no edge is accounted sharp and keen,
That by the subtlest eye is to be seen,
So no wit for acute should be allow'd,
That's plain and easy to be understood.

The one half of mankind has been begot
Against the other half's design or thought;
As Pliny's partridges are say'd to tread
Another covey flying o'er its head.
For lesser ballances are found to go

More accurately than great ones, and more true;
As single drops will mollify a stone,

Which mighty showers fall in vain upon.
So the blind moor that smelling to a clod,
Led on the caravan an unknown road.
Or the aged minister, that with a pair
Of spectacles could read the common prayer,
But could remember not one word, when those
He us'd to read it with were off his nose.
The Goth and Vandal, and the savage Hun,
Did learning less hurt than itself has done;
For ignorance, like desperate diseases,
Still stupifies the part on which it seizes.
The greatest cheats are us'd in public stocks,
And dullest errors in th' account of books;

For books were made for men, not men for books.
No more than meat was made for dressing-cooks,
Are commonly the by blows of an author.
Not one in forty has an honest mother;

For most men grow the worse the more they read,
As elks (they say) go backwards when they feed;
For all a pedant's art lies in his terms,

As conjurers and witches in their charms,
That use t' observe the greatest complaisance
To the outward forms of things and circumstance;
Resolve the difficult'st of all book cases,

Only by proper or improper phrases.
Affect a nasty mien, and, out of pride,

Neglect themselves and all the world beside;
As if it were an argument of virtue

And judgment to be slovenly and dirty.

From whence it's evident the greatest fools

Have not been changed ith' cradle; but the schools

And stationers that only deal in books

Are found to be the greatest knaves and rooks.

*

For smatrers grow more arrogant and pert
The less they truly understand an art;
For some are still most constantly employ'd

In doing what they study to avoid.
For mankind naturally resents the need

Of nothing more than what they are forbid.

For to consider's nothing but to prune;

All that's superfluous is over done;
And not impertinently to add more

To what was too extravagant before.

And therefore a judicious author's blots
Are more ingenious than his first free thoughts.

And those that understand are modester In telling truth than pedants when they err, Are most severe themselves to all they write, As candles tremble when they give us light. Several parts of the above extracts are distinguished by the peculiar aptness and novelty which characterise Hudibras, and are not unworthy of the pen of Butler. They are also deserving of notice, as showing, in some measure, the manner in which he composed. He seems to have considered these books as mere depositaries of his loose thoughts, which he has heaped together without care or selection, reserving the classification of them to such times as he should have occasion to bring them into actual use. They are written as fairly out as they could be, without blot or obliteration, and, to the eye, have the appearance of a series of regular poems, instead of paragraphs which have no mutual dependance or connexion. We shall give more of them.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD.

July 26.-The Rev. John Allington, M.A. and the Rev. James Linton, M.A. Demics, were admitted Probationary Fellows of Magdalen College; and Mr. Frederick Bulley and Mr. Edwin Martin, were elected Demies of that Society.

ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS.

Oxford.-Rev. G. Augustus Legge, B.A. to the Vicarage of Bray, in the county of Berks; Patron, the Bishop of Oxford.—Rev. John Hume Spry, DD. to the Rectory of Mary-la-Bonne, London.-Rev. George Chandler, D.C.L. to the Rectory of All Souls, Langham-place, London.-Rev. John West, M.A. to the Vicarage of Evercreech, with the Chapelry of Chesterblade annexed; Patron, Samuel Rodbard, Esq. Rev. George Sherwood Evans, M.A. to the Vicarage of Temple Grafton in the county of Warwick.-Rev. Edward Ward Wakeman, B.A. to the perpetual Curacy of Claimes, Worcestershire; Patron, H. Wakeman, Esq.-Rev. Henry Strangways, M.A. to the Rectory of Rewe, Devon.-Rev. R. B. Paul, M.A. to the Vicarage of Long Wittenham, Berks; Patrons, the Rector and Fellows of Exeter College.-Rev. Samuel Lloyd, M.A. to the Vicarage of Horsley, Gloucestershire.-Rev. William Pyne, M.A. to the Rectory of Pitney.-Rev. James Baker, M.A. to the Rectory of Nuneham Courtenay; Patron, Earl Harcourt.-Rev. William James, M.A. to the Rectory of East Lambrook, Somerset ; Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Wells Cathedral.Rev. J. Duke Coleridge, B.C.L. to the Prebendary Stall in the Cathedral Church of Exeter.

Cambridge. Rev. J. Lonsdale, B.D. to the Prebendary Stall in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln; Patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury.-Rev. George William Smith, to the Vicarage of Bawdsey, Suffolk; Patron, the King.-Rev. R. Puckle, to the Rectory of Graffham, in the county of Huntingdon; Patroness, Lady Oliva B. Sparrow. Rev. Charles Tripp, DD. to the Rectory of Kentisbeare, Devon.-Rev. George Townsend, M.A. to the Prebendal Stall in Durham Cathedral; Patron, the Bishop of Durham.