The Art of Paper-making: A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Paper from Rags, Esparto, Straw, and Other Fibrous Materials, Including the Manufacture of Pulp from Wood Fibre, with a Description of the Machinery and Appliances Used, to which are Added Details of Processes for Recovering Soda from Waste LiquorsC. Lockwood, 1907 - 260 páginas |
Palavras e frases frequentes
action added alkali allowed alum alumina ammonia apparatus beater beating-engine Bertrams bleaching liquor bleaching powder blue boiler boiling bottom brass Brazil wood Bryan Donkin calenders carbonate of soda cast-iron caustic soda cellulose chamber chloride of lime chlorine colour copper cupro-ammonium dandy-roll diameter dissolved drain drum drying cylinders effect employed engine esparto evaporating feet fibre glazed grains grains measure gum arabic half-stuff heat hydrochloric acid hypochlorite inches iron knives liquid machine manufactured material matters Messrs method mills mixed operation paper-machine paper-making parchment liquor Paris blue particles passes patent pipe plates prepared pressure proportions pulley pulp pumped quantity rags resin soap revolving roll sample shaft shown in Fig soda-ash solution steam strainers straw stuff stuff-chests substances sulphate sulphuric acid surface tank test-liquor tion tubes usual valve vapour vessel washing wax soap wire wire-cloth wood wood pulp wrought-iron zinc
Passagens conhecidas
Página iii - PAPER-MAKING. A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Paper from Rags, Esparto, Straw, and other Fibrous Materials. Including the Manufacture of Pulp from Wood Fibre, with a Description of the Machinery and Appliances used. To which are added Details of Processes for Recovering Soda from Waste Liquors. By ALEXANDER WATT, Author of
Página 224 - Dalton, all substances combine in definite proportions or " equivalents " ; thus, 1 part by weight of hydrogen combines with 8 parts by weight of oxygen to form water.
Página 180 - Paper. — This paper, which is written upon with lithographic ink, may be prepared by either of the following formulae : — 1. Take starch, 6 ozs. ; gum arabic, 2 ozs. ; alum, 1 oz. Make a strong solution of each separately in hot water, then mix the whole and strain the liquor through gauze. It must be applied to one side of the paper while still warm by means of a soft brush or sponge ; a second or third coating may be given as the preceding one becomes dry. The paper is finally pressed to render...
Página 182 - White unsized paper is dipped for half a minute in strong sulphuric acid, specific gravity 1'842, and afterwards in water containing a little ammonia. By Game's process (1857) unsized paper is plunged for a few seconds into sulphuric acid diluted with half to a quarter of its bulk of water (the acid being added to the water), and the solution allowed to cool until of the same temperature as the air.
Página 238 - ... dissolved in water, 1 gallon, observing not to add the latter solution when it ceases to produce an effervescence or a precipitate. The addition of some solution of tin turns this lake a lemon yellow ; acids redden it. Yellow Lake. — 1. Boil French berries, quercitron bark, or turmeric, 1 Ib., and salt of tartar, 1 oz., in water, 1 gallon, until reduced to one half ; then strain the decoction and precipitate with a solution of alum. 2. Boil 1 Ib. of the dye-stuff with alum, J Ib. ; water, 1...
Página 238 - Hydrometer, which is much employed for ascertaining the strength of soda and chloride of lime solutions, etc., is so graduated and weighted that the 0 or zero mark is equal to 1,000, or the specific gravity of distilled water at the temperature of 60° F., and each degree on the scale is equal to '005 ; so that by multiplying this number by the number of degrees marked on the scale, and adding 1% the real specific gravity is obtained. Thus 10° Twaddell indicates a specific gravity of 1050, or T05,...
Página 236 - Cochineal (in coarse powder) 1 oz. ; water and rectified spirit, of each, 2J ozs. ; digest for a week ; filter and precipitate the tincture with a few drops of solution of tin, added every 2 hours, until the whole of the colouring matter is thrown down ; lastly, wash the precipitate in distilled water and dry it ; very fine. 2. Digest powdered cochineal in ammonia water for a week, dilute the solution with a little water, and add the liquid to a solution of alum, as long as a precipitate falls, which...
Página 236 - LAKE. — 1. 1 oz. cochineal in coarse powder ; water and rectified spirit, of each, 2J oz. ; digest for a week, filter, and precipitate the tincture with a few drops of solution of tin, added every 2 hours, until the whole of the colouring matter is thrown down ; lastly, wash the precipitate in distilled water, and dry it. 2. Digest powdered cochineal in ammonia water for a week, dilute the solution with a little water, and add the liquid to a solution of alum, as long as a precipitate falls, which...
Página 144 - ... while the pulp gradually finds its way to the wider end of the drum, where it escapes into the box c, and can be conveyed again to the beatingengines. The Dandy-roll. — When it is required to produce a design or name, termed a wa 'er-mark, upon the paper, this is done by means of a roll called the dandy-roll, which consists of a skeleton roll covered with wire-cloth, upon which the design is worked by means of very fine wire. If the paper is required to be alike on both sides, without any specific...
Página 235 - The first method is usually employed for aciduous solutions of colouring matter, or for those whose tint is injured by alkalies ; the second for those that are brightened, or at least uninjured, by alkalies ; the third, those colouring matters that have a great affinity for gelatinous alumina, and readily combine with it by mere agitation.