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surrender, suddenly abandoned the siege, and retreated into Canada. Col. Willett was now left in command of the fort, in which station he continued, except while visiting his family, until the following June, when he joined the army under Washington, and was present at the battle of Monmouth, where he acted as a volunteer aid to Gen. Scott, of Virginia.

The next campaign, i. e. of 1779, he was with Gen. Sullivan, in his expedition against the western Indians. After he returned from that expedition, which was entirely successful, Col. Willett was stationed near Morristown, and occasionally acted in beating up the enemy's quarters, during the winter of that year.

Towards the close of 1780, the New York regiments were reduced to two, and Col. Willett was ordered to take command of all the levies, and state troops raised to protect the northwest frontier of the state against the incursions of the tories and Indians, who were a severe scourge to the settlers on the Mohawk. Col. Willett had under his command less than 200 men, independent of the militia, who were scattered through the country, and yet with this small force, he contrived, by his untiring energy and devotion, to repel the enemy, and often inflicted a severe chastisement upon them in their predatory expeditions.

In one of these under Colonel Ross, the tories and their savage auxiliaries, amounting in all to nearly 1000 men, were subjected to so heavy a loss, independent of the death of the famous partizan Major Butler, that they were unable to undertake any considerable expedition for the rest of the year (1782.)

In the winter of that year he at

tempted to surprise the British garrison at Oswego; but failed from a mistake of the Indian guide, and retired without making an assault, with the loss of but one man, who was frozen to death. During this march the news of peace arrived, and Colonel Willett retired from the army, with the entire confidence of Washington, and the gratitude of the people of this state, to whom he had afforded adequate relief and protection. The estimation in which he was held by his fellow citizens, was manifested by their making him sheriff of New York, directly after the war, which office he held four years.

Difficulties however still continued with the Southern Indians, and after the adoption of the federal constitution, President Washington determined to send a commissioner to induce them to enter into a treaty.

Colonel Willett was accordingly selected to go into the Creek country, and after a long and fatiguing journey, not unattended with danger, through a wilderness filled with Indians, whose pacific disposition was doubtful, he arrived, attended by a German servant and an Indian guide, among the Creek settlements.

Here he was well received, and finally persuaded them to send McGillivray and other principal chieftains to New York, where a treaty was made, which relieved Georgia from a war with the powerful tribes of southern Indians. After his return from the Creek mission, he was again appointed sheriff, which office he held for another term of four years.

The same year, (1792) he was appointed Brigadier General in the army intended to act against the northwestern Indians. This ap pointment, however, he declined, thinking an Indian war ought to be

avoided, and offered his services to mediate a peace, but the difficulties occurring shortly after in the city of New-York compelled him to remain at his post as sheriff. In 1807 he was appointed Mayor of the city, and in 1824 he was chosen elector of President and VicePresident of the United States, and by the electors afterwards made the President of the electoral college. He voted in favor of Mr. Adams, and at the subsequent election in 1828, his opinion of his fitness for his high station being strengthened, he was again placed upon the electoral ticket, which was supported by the administration party in the city of New York. That ticket did not succeed, and Col. Willett, who was then at a very advanced age, soon after became too much enfeebled to quit his mansion.

A few months before his death he was attacked by a paralysis, and on the 23d of August, 1830, he yielded his patriotic and ardent spirit into the hands of his Maker, with the steadfast hope of a Christian, and the humble confidence of one whose life was devoted to the service of his country.

Colonel Willett was one of the best specimens of the patriots of, the revolution. In his character were combined traits of chivalric daring, gentleness and humanity which belonged to a less degenerate age.

His courage and presence of mind were displayed not only at the head of his regiment, but in the lone and pathless wilderness, when surrounded by Indians, and sustained only by his own innate energies. He never shrank from danger nor responsibility, when the general weal required him to expose himself; and while in private life his integrity, frankness, and decision endeared him to his friends and acquaintance; his fear

less intrepidity and self-devotion in the public service gave him a strong hold upon the affections of the community.

KING OF NAPLES.

1830. Nov. 7. At Naples, aged 53, Francis Janvier Joseph, King of Naples and the Two Sicilies.

He was born April 19, 1777, the son of Ferdinand the 4th (Infant of Spain,) by the Archduchess Maria Caroline, daughter of the Emperor Francis 1st. He succeeded to the throne Jan. 4, 1825, on the death of his father. Although he gave some promise of an improved government before he came to the throne, he showed no disposition in power to fulfil the expectations he had raised. He did not act the King of the Lazzaroni, or the buffoon, like his father; nor did he kill in his time so many wild boars and tunny fish; but he was not a better sovereign, though he had better tastes, nor less of a despot, though not so much of a Nimrod. It was a saying of the old King, that the people could only be governed by the three f's, meaning by that the initial letters of the three words, festa, forza, and furca, (or festivals, force, and the gallows); and though his late Majesty did not so cordially enjoy these means of power, he never thought of any better receipt for good government.

King Francis was twice married; firstly, to his first cousin, the Archduchess Maria Clementina, daughter of the Emperor Leopold 2d. by whom he was father of Maria Caroline, the Duchess de Berri. This Princess having deceased, Nov. 15, 1801, he married secondly, by proxy, July 6, and in person, Oct. 6, 1802, another first cousin, the Infanta Maria Isabella, daughter of Charles 4th King of Spain, and sister to the present King Fer

dinand. By this alliance he had tuality by briefs, which he himself six sons and six daughters.

POPE PIUS THE EIGHTH.
Dec. 3d. 1830. At Rome in
his 70th year, his Holiness Pope
Pius the Eighth.

dictated, and which breathe a love of order and of peace.

He left so small a fortune for his family, that they can scarcely have wherewith to maintain their rank.

GENERAL SUCRE.

1830. Aged 37, General Antonio Jose de Sucre, who was assas sinated on his way to Pasto, in New Grenada.

Francisco Xavier Castiglione, was born at Cingoli, Nov. 20, 1761, made Bishop of Montalto in 1800, Cardinal in 1816, elected to the Popedom on the 31st of March, 1829, and crowned on the 5th of April following. His administra- He was born at Cumana, in tion was, on the whole, the result Venezuela, in 1793, and was eduof good sense and enlightened cated at Carraccas. He entered views. Not only did he bring the the army in 1811, and from 1814 long winded negotiations with the to 1817, served in the staff. He Netherlands to a successful termi- commanded the patriot forces at nation, but accomplished the task of the battle of Pinchica, on the 24th settling the affairs of the Catholic of May 1822, when 800 Spaniards Americans. At his instance, the were left dead on the field, and Ottoman court placed the Romish the remainder, consisting of about church on the same footing with 3000 men, capitulated. By this that of the Greeks, in point of civil event, the independence of Quito and religious immunities, and al- was secured. In June, 1823, he elected commander-in-chief lowed them to have a resident Pa- was triarch at Constantinople. Great of the patriot forces in Peru, on melioration, tending to lessen the the approach of a powerful Spanish public burdens, were also effected army, and soon after was invested throughout the Roman states du- with the supreme command. On ring the late Pope's transient ca- the 9th of December, 1824, he reer. He lent a zealous and liberal gained the battle of Ajacucho, the hand to the constructions proceed- most brilliant ever fought in South ing on Mount Pincis, was an active America. This battle secured the patron of the excavations in progress independence of Peru. He afteron the banks of the Tiber and in the wards liberated the province of Forum; and spared no expense in Bolivia, became supreme chief, and preserving the splendid remains of was finally appointed by the conancient architecture, with which gress of that republic, President the imperial city abounds. Rome for life. From this station he was is indebted to him, for its present afterwards driven by a revolution currency, which threw the miser- of the Bolivians, aided by the PeThis interference able production of Leo 12th's mint ruvian army. completely in the shade. Before occasioned a war between Colomthe Holy Father was confined to bia and Peru, in which General his bed, he occupied himself upon Sucre commanded the Colombian some indispensable affairs. He forces. In this war he was sucdirected that all letters addressed to cessful, and imposed terms of peace him, on the actual state of things upon Peru, at his own dictation. in France and Belgium, should be In these, however, he did not abuse answered with the strictest punc- his power, but regarded the rights

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charms for him, and he loved the animating excitement of parliamentary contests: Never was

of the vanquished as well as those of his own government. He was af terwards elected first President of the late constituent congress of orator more ingenious, never was Bogota, and was delegated by that a more rigid and forcible logic disbody as one of the commissioners played. His speeches always comto propose friendly terms with manded attention, and drew from Venezuela. When this mission his enemies that admiration which had proved unsuccessful, and the they would have wished to withcongress had closed its labors, he hold. Though most serious when was proceeding to the southern engaged in public business, and departments to appease certain dis- ever studious in the closet, it was turbances, which had arisen under difficult to engage him in a serious General Flores, when he met an conversation. He found a relaxuntimely fate. ation in being frivolous when he mixed in that world which he loved, and in which his presence was always desired. A great intimacy subsisted between him and Madame de Staël. That justly celebrated woman had the most unbounded friendship for him; but they often amused themselves by reciprocal verbal provocations, and nothing could be more delightful than to be present at those private scenes, in which the mental collision struck out, on both sides, the most vivid flashes.

BENJAMIN CONSTANT. Dec. 8, 1830. At Paris, aged 65, M. Benjamin Constant.

This eminent person, although inheriting illustrious blood from both his parents, avoided everything which might give room to conjecture his origin, and relied entirely on his talents and beha

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Never did any man labor with more diligence. The extent of his works, if they were collected, would appear immense. While he listened to the debates in the Chamber, he would at the same time be writing on the most abtruse subjects. While engaged in this employment, he would often rise suddenly and take part in the discussions; though it must be confessed that his extemporaneous speeches were in general much inferior to those on which he had previously bestowed the labor of composition.

Constant was singularly fond of the sports of infancy, into which he was always ready to engage with zeal and a boyish simplicity. About ten years ago, at the country-seat of Baron Davillers, he followed the example of some young lads in leaping to the bottom of a quarry. On this occasion he unfortunately broke his thigh; a long time elapsed before he could walk.

In person he was tall; his features mild and interesting; his hair fair; he walked with a careless Benjamin Constant had all that motion. Only two years ago, he weakness of human nature which had, when in the tribune, a certain thirsts for emotions, and he sought-air of youth. His two last years to gratify that desire sometimes in were painful. Several times he the boudoirs, sometimes in the was observed in the Chamber to chances of hazard, but never be overcome by sleep, and twice with more ardor than in the stir- he fainted. His last days were ring events of political life. The not passed without some degree of storms of the tribune had peculiar relaxation. After the revolution

of the 30th of July, he was appointed Vice-President of the Council of State. His friend and pupil, the Duke of Broglie, was President; and this circumstance induced M. Constant readily to place himself in the second rank. When, however, by the favor of M. Dupont de l'Eure, M. Merilhou succeeded the Duke de Broglie, the Presidency of the Council of State was offered in vain to M. Constant; for he could not consent to fill an inferior post under the direction of a minister, whose name was yet scarcely known.

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M. Constant has left a widow, but no children. He underwent a dangerous surgical operation a few days before the revolution of July, and insisted, contrary to the advice of his physician, in going out to join his fellow deputies towards the end of the glorious week,' when he ought to have been in his bed. He never recovered the blow which this gave to his health; and ever since had considered his life as sacrificed to this over zealous patriotism. We have not forgotten,' says the Constitutionel, the last words he uttered in the tribune :"Permit me," said he, "to implore your indulgence, not for my principles, but for the imperfections of a refutation drawn with haste. Naturally weak, and in bad health, I feel a sadness I cannot overcome: this sadness, gentlemen, it is not in my power to explain. I cannot account for it; but have endeavored to surmount these obstacles in the discharge of my duty, and my intention, at least, is worthy your indulgence." These words were marked by a most impressive melancholy, and produced in the Chamber and on the public a deep sensation. In six days he was no

nation will lose in him an orator, an eloquent defender of constitutional principles, a writer, who added to a powerful display of sound logic, the ornament of an enlightened, striking and original style.'

SIMON BOLIVAR.

1830. Dec. 17. At San Pedro near Santa Marta, in Colombia, aged 47, Simon Bolivar, late President of that republic.

This celebrated personage was born in the city of Carraccas, July 25, 1783, the son of Don Juan Vicente Bolivar y Ponte, and Donna Maria Concepcion Palacios y Sojo, both of distinguished families in Venezuela. After acquiring the first elements of a liberal education at home, he was sent to Madrid to complete his studies. When he had finished his education, he spent some time in travelling in England, Germany, Italy, and France, at the capital of which he was an attentive witness of many of the later events of the revolution, and probably there imbibed the spirit which impelled him at a later period, to become the liberator of his native country. Returning to Madrid, he married the daughter of Don N. Toro, and embarked with her for America, with the view of dedicating himself to the improvement of his extensive estates.

The prema

ture death of his wife, put an end to this dream of domestic happiness, and he again visited Europe, to dispel his sorrow at her loss.

On his return, he visited the United States, and upon his arrival at Venezuela, finding his fellow citizens engaged in open hostility with the mother country, he promptly embraced the side of the The Journal des Debats says, patriots, and pledged himself to 'The Chamber and the Frencht he cause of independence.

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