CHAPTER IX. CROSS AND CRESCENT IN CONFLICT..... 109 Missionary Influence Extended-The Gospel in Many Tongues -The Moslems Alert and Aggressive-The Struggle to be Con- CHAPTER X. SMYRNA AND EPHESUS. Education and Missions-Polycarp's Confession and Tomb- How Brigands Ply Their Vocation-John's Letter to Smyrna- CHAPTER XI. BEIRUT, DAMASCUS AND BAALBEC....... 133 The American Press and the American College-Message of a Veteran Missionary-Damascus and the Temple Ruins at Baal- CHAPTER XII. HIGHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY........ 148 Colleges Founded by Missionaries and Backed by American Gold-Instruction, Not Conversion, the Aim of Some Institutions. CHAPTER XIII. NAZARETH AND THE SEA OF GALILEE.. 162 The Boyhood Home of Jesus-A Part of Palestine Replete with Bible History-Sites of Capernaum and Bethsaida. CHAPTER XIV. JERUSALEM AND THE JORDAN VALLEY 177 Through the Plain of Sharon-Interesting Days in the Holy City-Bethlehem, and the Mount of Olives-On the Way to Jericho. The Gift of the River-Tribute to Turkey and Under the Con- trol of England-A Holy War Suggested-The Suez Canal. CHAPTER XVI. ITALY: PEOPLE, ART AND RELIGION... 219 Naples and Vesuvius-Messina and the Disaster-Rome: Churches, and Ruins-Florence: Art and Romance-Pisa and Its Three Continents and Many Countries Visited-Excursions in Spain, Greece, the Holy Land, Egypt and Italy Lasting Friend- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Mediterranean, Bird's-eye View of the....Frontispiece Palermo, Sicily, View of.. Jaffa Harbor.... Funchal, Madeira. Funchal, Toboggan Slide. Azore Islands, Native Costume. Granada, Street Scene in.. Ponta Delgada, A Garden in.. Gibraltar, Rock of.. Granada, The Generaliffe Near the Alhambra. Granada, The Alhambra.. Seville, Garden of the Alcazar. Athens, Mars' Hill, Where Paul Preached. 8888 69 69 69 Constantinople, The Imperial Palace. 97 124 126 130 Jerusalem, Gethsemane and Its Keeper. 195 197 Nile, Sailing on the.. 202 Cairo, An Egyptian Woman. 204 Pyramids, Climbing the.... Sphinx and the Pyramids, The.. Cairo, Seti I. in the Museum of. Naples and Vesuvius, Bay of.. Messina Before the Earthquake. Messina, Ruins of.. Messina, The New.. Rome, The Appian Way. Rome, St. Peter's.. Florence, The Campanile. Florence on Holy Saturday. Fiesole, Near Florence. Pisa, Leaning Tower and Cathedral. 209 214 216 222 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 234 237 238 239 THE CLASSIC MEDITERRANEAN CHAPTER ITS ROMANCE AND HISTORY NOBLY, nobly Cape Saint Vincent to the northwest died away; Bluish 'mid burning water, full in face Trafalgar lay; In the dimmest northeast distance dawned Gibraltar grand and gray: -ROBERT BROWNING. O be known as the school of the human race is an honor possible for only one place on earth. Dr. J. S. Howson, an English scholar of renown, has given this distinction to the Mediterranean Sea. Another Englishman, Dr. Samuel Johnson, declares that the grand object of traveling is to see the shores of the Mediterranean, on which have rested the four great empires of the world: the Assyrian, the Persian, the Grecian and the Roman. He maintains that all of our religion, nearly all of our law, the majority of our arts, almost all that sets us above savages, have come to us from the shores of the Mediterranean. "Come and make one of my family party; in all your life you will never, probably, have a chance again to see so much in so short a time. Considerit is as easy as a journey to Paris and Baden.” With such an invitation William Makepeace Thackeray tells us in his delightful travel story under the title of "The Notes of a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo," how he joined an excursion to Mediterranean ports in the fall of 1844. In thirty-six hours after accepting the invitation he was ready for his journey, which occupied two months. His experiences along the coast of Spain, at Lisbon and Cadiz, and in the Mediterranean at Gibraltar, Algiers, Malta, Athens, Constantinople, Smyrna, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Alexandria and Cairo, lose nothing from the fact that they were recorded some seventy years ago. Many of them could not be duplicated at the present time; a few of them it would be better not to repeat. And what is the Sea over which the great English writer sailed so pleasantly in the Forties of the last century, and of which so many of his admirers have delightful memories in the opening decades of the present century? "The Sea within the Land" is the literal meaning of the word Mediterranean. To the Hebrews it was "The Great Sea"; the Romans called it "Our Sea." The prayer of Wordsworth, expressed in a sonnet when Sir Walter Scott went from Abbotsford to Naples, gives it another name: "Be true, Ye winds of ocean and the Midland Sea, |