of the style (or united styles), at the junction with the epigynous disk,

-as

in UMBELLIFERAE. Stylostegium. The hood or covering of the style,-as in the Asclepias family. See Gynostegium.

Sub-a preposition signifying under, or
a division,-as a Sub-class, Sub-order,
&c.: also employed as a diminutive.
or qualifying term, equivalent to al-
most, somewhat, or about,-as sub-ses-
sile, nealy sessile, &c.

Suberose, of a texture resembling cork.
Subulate, shaped like an awl-blade;
linear or cylindric below, angular and
tapering to a sharp point at summit.
Succulent, juicy; full of juice.
Sucker. A shoot, or offsett, from the
root, or base of the stem..
Suffrutescent, almost shrubby..
Suffruticose, somewhat shrubby; shrub-
by at base.

Sulcate, furrowed, or grooved.
Super, or supra, a preposition signifying
above or upon, beyond or more than,-
as super-axillary, situated above the
axil.

Super-or Supra-decompound, more than
decompound; many times subdivided,
or compounded.

Superior, above; a term applied to the Ovary, when it is above the calyx, or free in the flower; also to the calyx. when the tube is adherent to the ovary. and the segments borne on its sum

little squares, or checquers, like a chess-board.

Testa. The outer integument, or proper coat, of a seed.

Tetradynamous, having 4 long and 2 short stamens, in a cruciate flower. Tetragonous, 4-cornered, or having 4 angles:

Tetramerous, consisting of 4 parts, or constituent portions.

Tetrandrous, having 4 stamens of equal
length.

Thallogenous plants. Plants destitute of
stem, or axis; consisting of Thalli, or
mere expansions of cellular vegetable
growth.
Thallophytes.
plants,-consisting wholly of Thallus,
A Class of flowerless
or vegetable leaflike expansion.
Thallus. A name for the stemless, frond-
like expansion, of which many Cryp-
togamous plants are entirely compo-
sed.

Theca (plural, Thecae). A name for the
containing the spores of certain Cryp-
little case, sac, or capsule, (sporocarp),
Thorn. A sharp process from the woody
togamous plants (ex. gr. the Mosses).
part of a plant, being a stunted, or

abortive branch.

Throat. The orifice or passage into the
tube of a corolla.

Thyrsoid, resembling, or being in the
Thyrsus. A kind of contracted, or dense,
form of, a Thyrsus.
ovoid panicle,-as in the Lilac, Horse-
Chesnut, &c.

mit.. Suppression, the non-production, or failure in the developement, of an organ. Surculose, bearing suckers, or offsets, TILIACEAE. The Tilia or Linden family. Suspended ovules, or seeds. When they Tiller. A sucker, or young shoot, of are attached to the summit of the ovary, or pericarp, and hang. perpendicu-Tiller, or tillow, to put forth suckers, or larly in the cavity. new shoots, from the root, or base of the stem-as Wheat, &c. See Stole, or stool.

Suture. The line, or sean, formed by the
junction of two margins.
Symmetrical flower. When there is an
equal number of parts in each series,
or verticil.

Syngenesious, having the anthers united,
-as in the COMPOSITAE.
Synonym. Another name for the same
thing..

Wheat, Rye, &c.

Tissue. Web, or fabric; the intimate or-
ganic structure, or composition, of bo-
dies; especially those which are, or
have been, alive.

Tomentose, covered with a curled, or mat-
ted, cottony pubescence.
Tomentum. A matted downy or cottony
pubescence.

Toothed. See dentate.

Torose, or torulose, swelled out in obtuse

Tenacious, sticky or adhesive; also,
holding on by means of little hooked
points.
Tendil. A filiform twining branch, or ridges.
appendage, by which some plants Tortuous, beat in different directions.
elinb, or sustain themselves: in the
grape vine, it is an abortive raceme.
Terete, round, like a column,-and either
cylindric or tapering; appl ed to stems,
or stem-like bodies. See orbicular.
Terminal, situated at, or proceeding
from, the end or summit.
Ternary, arranged in threes; consisting
of three parts, or elements.
Ternate, three-fold; three together, as
the leaflets of clover, &c.
Tessellated, resembling mosaic work; in points.

Torus. The bed, or receptacle, at the
apex of a flowerstalk, on which are
inserted all the parts of the flower.
Translucent, clear, or transmitting light
faintly.

Transverse, transversely, across; cross-
wise; at right angles with lengthwise.
Triadelphous, having the filaments unit-
ed in 3 parcels.

Triandrous, having 3 stamens.
Triangular, having 3 angles, corners, or

C*

Tribes. Groups of kindred plants, inter-Turf. The green sward, or grassy sod. mediate between Orders and Genera. Turgid, swelled, but not inflated. Tribracteate, having 3 bracts. Turion. A thick, tender, young shoot of Trichotomous, three-forked; dividing by a plant,-as of Asparagus, Hop, &c. 3 equal branches. Tussock. A dense tuft or bunch formed at the root, as in some species of Carex, Grasses, &c.

Tricoccous, composed of three separable indehiscent carpels (or cocci). Tricuspidate, having, or terminating in, 3 sharp points.

Trifarious, facing, or pointing, in 3 directions.

Trifid, three-cleft; partially cut or divided into 3 segments.

Twin, two of the same kind connected, or growing together.

Twining, winding round and ascending
spirally.

Two-ranked (or rowed), See distichous.
TYPHACEAE. The Typha or Cat-tail fam-

Trifoliate, having 3 leaves; or the leaves ily of plants. arranged in threes,

ULMACEAE. The Ulmus or Elm family.

TRIFOLIEAE. The Trifolium or Clover ULMEAE. The Sub-order of ULMACEAE, of

tribe, of the Order LEGUMINOSAE.

Trigonous, three-cornered.

Trilobate, three-lobed.

Trigynous, having 3 pistils.

Trimerous, consisting of 3 parts.
Tripartite, three-parted.
Tripetalous, having 3 petals.
Tripinnate, thrice-pinnate; the common
petiole 3 times divided, or with bipin-
nate divisions on each side.
Tripinnatifid, pinnately dissected, with
the primary divisions twice pinnatifid.
Triplinerved, having 3 principal nerves
from the base.

Triquetrous, having 3 angles and 3 flat
sides, as the culms of many CYPERA-

CEAE

Trisepalous, having 3 sepals.
Triternate leaf. When the petiole is twice

which the genus Ulmus is the special type. Umbel. A kind of inflorescence, in which the flower-stalks proceed from a common eentre, like rays, or the braces of an umbrella. Umbels are simple, or ́ compound: which see.

Umbellate, in the form or manner of an

umbel.

Umbellet. A partial umbel; one of the
subdivisions of a compound umbel:
which see.

UMBELLIFERAE. The Order or family of
Umbel-bearing plants.

Umbelliferous, bearing the flowers in
umbels.

Umbilicate, navel-like; having a central pit, or depression.

Unarmed, without thorns or prickles. divided ternately,and each final branch Uncinate, hook-shaped; hooked at the

bears 3 leaves.

end.

TROPAEOLACEAE. The Topaeolum or Undulate, wavy; curved, or rising and
Nasturtium family.

Truncate, having the end blunt, as if
transversely eut off.
Tube, a pipe, or hollow cylinder.
Tuber. A solid fleshy knob, attached to

roots.

depressed, like waves.

Unequal, the parts not corresponding in
length, size, form or duration.
Unguiculate, having a slender or narrow
base, like an unguis, or claw.
Uniform, or uniformly, in one form, or
Unilateral, on one side; growing, or in-
manner; equally and alike.
serted, all on one side of a stem, or
common peduncle.

Unisexual, of one sex-i. e. staminate,
Urceolate, pitcher-shaped, or urn shaped;
or pistillate, only.
swelling below, and contracted to a
neck, above.

URTICACEAE. The Urtica or Nettle fami-
ly of plants.

URTICEAE. The Sub-order of URTICA-
CEAE, specially typified by the genus
Urtica.

Utricle. A little sac, or thin membrana-
ceous pericarp, which incloses, but
does not adhere to, the sced. See Cary-
opsis.

VACCINIEAE. A Sub-order of ERICACEAE, represented by the genus Vaccinium. Valvate aestivation. When the sepals or petals are folded together, and fit by their edges, without overlapping. Valves. The several parts of a regularly dehiscent pericarp,-especially of a

capsule: also, the scales which close the tube, in some corollas; and the chaffy pieces which cover the flowers of the Grasses.

Var (Varietas), a variety, or modification of a species.

Variety. A new or unusual form, or modification of a plant, produced by acci dental causes, such as crossing, soil, climate, culture, &c. but not permanently, or at least, not specifically, dis tinct.

Vascular plants. The higher Orders of plants (including all above the Mosses), -composed more or less of woody fibres, and elongated cells, or vessels, in the form of slender tubes.

dicative rather of Phyllodia, than of
true leaves.

Verticil. A whorl; flowers, leaves, or
other organs, arranged in a horizontal
ring, round a stem, or at its summit.
Verticillaster. A spurious verticil; a
condensed eyme, or cluster resembling
a verticil,-as in many LABIATAE.
Verticillate, growing or arranged in a
verticil, whorl. or horizontal ring.
Vesicles, Little bladder-like vessels.
Vesicular, or vesiculose, made of, or re-
sembling, little bladders.
Vespertine flowers. Those which expand
in the evening.

Vexillum. The banner, or broad upper
petal of a papilionaceous corolla.
VICIEAE. The Vicia or Vetch tribe, of
the Order LEGUMINOSAE.

Vau ted, arched over, like the roof of the mouth. Veil (of the FUNGI). A delicate mem-Villose, or villous, velvety; clothed with brane or fringe, in certain Agarics, which in an early stage connects the margin of the pileus with the stipe. Veined, having the vessels variously branching, over the surface. Venation of a leaf. The distribution of the veins, or frame work, in the lamina or blade.

Ventricose, bellied; swelling out in the middle, or below it.

VERBASCEAE. The Verbascum or Mullein tribe, of the Order SCROPHULARIACEAE VERBENACEAE. The Verbena or Vervain family.

numerous, and rather long, soft hairs. Villus (plural, vill). The velvet-like pubescence on a villous plant. Virescent, inclining to, or becoming, green.

Virgate, wand-like; long, slender, and straight.

Viridescent, greenish.

Viscid, clammy; covered with a sticky
or adhesive moisture.
VITACEAE. The Vitis or Grape family.
Vittae. Fillets; linear receptacles of
oily matter on the carpels of Umbelli
ferous plants.

Viviparous, produeing a collateral off-
spring by means of bulbs; or having
the seeds to germinate before they are
detached from the parent plant.
Volubile, ascending spirally, or climb.
ing by embracing another object. See
Volva. The wrapper, or outer covering
Twining.
of a young Mushroom (Agaric),—
which bursts by the rapid development
of the plant, leaving its remains adhe-
rent to the base of the stipe.
Vulgo, commonly called (in the vernacu-
lar); in common parlance.

Whorl,-See verticil.

Vernation. The mode in which young
leaves are folded and packed in a bud.
VERNONIACEAE. The Vernonia or Iron-
weed tribe of the Order COMPOS:TAE:
VERNONIEAE, The Sub-tribe of VERNON-
IACEAE, of which the genus Vernonia
is the special type.
Verrucose, warty; covered with wart-Wary,-See undulate.
like excresences.
Versatile anther. When it is fixed by the
middle on the point of the filament,
and moves round lightly and readily,
as in the Grasses, &c.
Vertical, or vertically, in a perpendicular
direction; from the zenith, or highest
point. directly downwards.
Vertical leaves. When they stand edge
up, or present their margins and not
their faces to the earth and sky: in-

Winged, having a thin extended margin.
Wings. The side-petals of a papilionace-

ous corolla: also, the membranous ex-
pansion at the summit or margin of
certain pericarps, and on the sides of
some petioles.

Woolly, clothed with a long, curled or
matted pubescence, resembling wool.
XANTHOXYLACEAE. The Xanthoxylon or
Prickly Ash family of plants.

ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES.

Fr. in the French language; also, Fruit

mature.

Fries. Elias Fries, German.
Gaertn. Jos. & Carl Friedr. Gaertner,
German

0= The sign of Cotyledons accumbent Forst. George (John, &c ) Forster, Eng-
oll 66
Cotyledons incumbent. lish.
Ach. Eric Acharius, Swedish Botanist
Adans. Michel Adanson, French.
Agardh. Car. Ad. Agardh, Swedish.
A. Gr. Asa Gray, American.
Ait. Wm. & Wm. T. Aiton, English.
All. Car. Allioni, Italian.
A'ph. Dc. Alphonse De Candolle,French
Bartl. Friedr. Gottl. Bartling, German.
Bartr. John & Wm. Bartram, American
Beauv. Palisot de Beauvois, French.
Benth. George Bentham, English.
Benth. Lab. Labiatarum Genera et Spe-
cies. By Geo. Bentham. 1 vol. 8vo.-H. B. K. Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth.
London, 1832-6.

Bess. Wilib. Besser, German.
Blume. Carl Ludw. Blume, German.
Bonn. Heinr. Geo. Bronn, German.
Brot. Felix Avellar Brotero, Portuguese.
C. A. Mey. Carl Amt. Meyer, German.
Cass. Alex. Hen. Garb. de Cassini,

ian.

Gaudich. M. Ch. Gaudichaud, French.
Germ. in the German language.
Glor. Benj. Petr. Gloxin, German.
Gooden. Saml. Goodenough. English.
Gray. Gram. North American Grami-
neae and Cyperaceae: By Asa Gray.
2 vols. Folio. 1834-5.

Hall. or Haller. Albert von Haller, Dutch.
Hoffm. Geo. Fr. (et al.) Hoffmann, Ger-

man.

Hoffmsg. J. C. Count Hoffmannsegg,
Geiman.

Hook. Sir Wm. J. Hooker, English.
Ital-Huds. Wm. Hudson, English.

Chav. M. Chavannes, French.
Chois. Jaq. Denis Choisy, French.
Correa. Abbé Correa de Serra, Portu-
guese.

Crantz. Heinr. Joh. Nepom. Crantz,
German.

Juss. Ant. Laur. de Jussieu, French. Koch. Wilh. Dan Jos. Koch, German. Kunth. Car. Sigism. Kunth, German. Kunth, Enum. Enumeratio Plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, &c. auctore C. S. Kunth. 4 vols. 8vo. 183343.

DC. Aug. Pyramus De Candolle, French. L. Car. Linnaeus, Swedish.

DC. (Alph) Alphonse De Candolle, Lam. J. Bapt. Monet de la Marck, French.

Dene. J. Decaisne, French.

French.

Lamb. A. B. Lambert, English. DC. Prodr. Prodromus Systematis Na-l. c. (loco citato) in the place already cited turalis Regni Vegetabilis: Auctore or referred to. Aug. Pyr. De Candolle. 10 vols. 8vo. Less. Chr. Fr. Lessing, German. 1821-46 Lestib. Fr. Jos. Lestiboudois, Belgian:

Desf. René Louis Desfontaines, French. Lindl. John Lindley, English.
De Theis. Alexandre de Theis, French.
Dillen. Joh. Jac. Dillenius, German.
Don. David & Geo. Don, English.
Duby. Jean Etienne Duby, French.
Duham. Hen. Louis Duhaniel, French.
Dunal. Michel Felix Dunal, French.
Ehrh. Friedrich Ehrhart, German.
Ell. Stephen Elliott, American.
Endl. Stephen Endlicher, Hungarian.
Endl. Gen. Genera Plantarum secundum Mirb. C. F. Brissean-Mirbel, French.
Ordines Naturales d'sposita: Auctore Moench. Conrad Moench, German.
Stephano Endlicher. 1 vol. 8 vo. 1836-Muhl. Henry Muhlenberg, American.

Link. Heinr. Friedr. Link, German.
Loddig. Conrad Loddiges, English.
Marsh. Humphry Marshall, American.
Mart. Carl Friedr. Phil. von Martius,
German.

40.

excl. syn. excluding the synonyms.
ex. gr. (exempli gratia) for the sake of
example.

fig. a figure or representation.
Fl. Flowers expanded.

Fl. Cestr. Flora Cestrica: By Wm
Darlington, 1. vol. 12 mo. 1837.

M dik. Fried. Casim. Medikns, German.
May. (C. A.) Carl. Ant. Meyer, German.
Mich. Pet. Ant. Micheli, Italian.
Mill. Philip Miller, English.

Mx. Andr. Michaux, French.

Mx. Fl. Bor. Am. Flora Boreali-Ameri-
cana: 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1803.
Mx. Sylva. The North American Sylva:
By F. Andrew Michaux. 3 vols. 8vo.
1S17-19.

Neck. Natal. Jos. de Necker, French.
Nees. Chr. Gottfr. Nees von Esenbeck,
German.

Fl. Lond. Flora Londinensis: By Wm
Curtis & Wm. J. Hooker. 4 vols. in Nutt. Thomas Nuttall, Anglo-American.
Folio. 1815.
Obs. Observation, or remarks.