King to release the money and goods. [See Foed., vol. i., p. 926.] [See f. 239b.] Messengers have f. 237. The same to the same. brought letters of Sembat, King of Armenia. Asks assistance for him. (King Edward I.'s answer to Pope Boniface is enrolled on the Close Roll, 27 Edw. I., m. 15 in dorso.) (See f. 234.) f. 237b. (Pope) Boniface (VIII.). &c. Ad futuram rei memoriam. Benedict Gaytanus has been appointed arbitrator between the Kings of France and England for peace and truce, and to have power to prorogue the time. It appears by bulls that they have prorogued it to next Easter, but it is to be prorogued to the feast of St. Andrew. [Circa 1299.] f. 238. The same to the King of England. Bull by which Pope Boniface VIII. grants to the King the tenths collected for the Holy Land. [See Feed., vol. i., p. 928.] [See Foed., i. p. 926.] f. 238. The same to the same. License that the King may choose a confessor. [See Foed., i., p. 930.] f. 238. License that the King's servants may confess to the King's chaplain when they cannot do it to their own priests. [See Fœd., p. 930.] f. 239b. The same to the same. Having received half of the six years' Irish tithes, which were granted by Pope Nicholas IV. for the Holy Land, he does not prosecute the business. The Pope gives them up to the King. [See Fad., vol.i., p. 926.] f. 239b. The same to the same. With reference to peace between the Kings of England and France, and touching the business of the Holy Land. [The whole of the bull, taken from the original in the Public Record Office, is printed in the Foedera, vol. i., p. 929.] (Ends imperfectly.) [1301.] [See Fod., i., p. 929.] Here the volume ends abruptly. APPENDIX TO PREFACE. The following Tables of Abbreviations1 contain many more examples than will be found in the first volume of the "Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum," published in the year 1833. Imperfect as those Tables were they have been several times reprinted by other persons, without any enlargement; thus proving their general utility by supplying a requirement that was experienced by all persons desirous of reading Records. The student, however, must not expect to find in these tables examples of all the abbreviations scattered about in the numerous MSS. which are now extant, extending from the sixth to the fourteenth century, because it is next to impossible to denote in type all the minutiæ of the abbrevations in some MSS. I have only introduced those with which I am familiar; but there are many records where almost every word is contracted, and if all had been noticed the tables would have been quadrupled in extent, inasmuch as the same word is repeated in various ways. Several ancient examples, however, that are not of common occurrence have been inserted, because they are found in early charters, chronicles, and other early MSS. relating to England before the end of the tenth century. I have also introduced from the work of M. Chassant some of the principal abbreviations occurring in Roman inscriptions and epitaphs, and also some few of the legends on ancient coins connected with England. 1 They are not limited to those occurring in the documents printed in this volume. I have endeavoured to arrange the abbreviations dictionary-wise, but I have not been able fully to carry out that plan, many words being contracted in five or six different ways, and it was found convenient occasionally to place them under one of such words. They are, however, in sufficient alphabetical order to be easily traced or recognised. The usual way of shortening words was to omit one or more letters in each word; to substitute in their stead certain symbols and superior letters. The abbreviations commonly used by scribes were a small right line (—) placed horizontally over a vowel in the middle of a word; this denotes the omission of one letter as in vēdāt (vendant); when it occurs at the end of a word, as in London (Londoniæ), it denotes the omission of more than one letter; when it is found at the end of a word, and not over a letter, it shows the writing to be of very great antiquity. A curve approaching the form of the Greek circumflex (~) also placed horizontally over a letter or letters, either in the middle or at the end of a word, signifies the omission of more than one letter, but the number of letters wanted is to be ascer tained by the reader, as in aïa (anima), alr (aliter), alia (animalia), Winton (Wintonia), nob (nobis), mand (mandatum). During the thirteenth century abbreviations were so numerous as to amount to a positive inconvenience, yet no step was taken in England to limit their use. In France, however, Philippe le Bel banished them in the year 1304 from the minutes of notaries, more especially those which subjected their notes to be falsified or misunderstood. Several other symbols have positive and defined significations when they occur above the line, as ; this usually stands for er or re, and occasionally ir, and follows the letter which precedes the omission as the sense requires, thus fra for terra, pdictus for predictus, serve, servire. For the word et, the character t is used, and when the circumflex (~) is placed over the symbol thus , it stands for etiam; but in very early MSS. et is denoted by a figure somewhat resembling the numeral 7; and autem is expressed thus The dipthong was not generally used, but sometimes at the end of a word it is represented in very early documents by a character similar to the French ç; thus terre for terræ. The character represented in type by the figure c is sometimes called the c cursive or the c reversed. When it occurs at the beginning of a word it signifies con or com, as victo for convicto, eta for contra, emitto for committo; when placed in the middle or at the end of a word a little out of the line it signifies us, as Augsti for Augusti, De', Deus, reb, rebus, ej?, ejus. It also frequently stands for ost or os, as p2, post, p'quam, postquam, n2, nos, v2 vos. The figure 3 at the end of a word also signifies us, as omnib3 for omnibus, and likewise et, as debz for debet. Sometimes it represents the final letters am and em, animz for animam, requiz for requiem. The figure & represents generally the letters rum, some times ras, res, ris, ram, as eoz for eorum, lib for libras or libris, Windesoz for Windesores, Alienoz for Alienoram, antecessor, antecessoris or antecessorum. The sign somewhat resembling the figure 2, or an r superior signifies ur or tur; it is placed a little above the line either in the middle or at the end of a word, as futri for futuri, accir for accipitur. The letter s placed above the line at the end of a word represents is or us, as beats for beatus, os for omnis. When a point or full stop is placed immediately after a letter, or at the end of an unfinished word, it denotes the omission of more than one letter, as T. for Teste, di. et fi., dilectus et fidelis. Sometimes, instead of the full |