APPENDIX.

NOTE A.

"By our commerce we have become the neighbours of every living soul on the face of the globe. Those who sit at home, and who have not journeyed over the wide waters, can have but little idea how large our trade is. The British Channel is alive with our merchantmen ; it almost resembles, with its crowded shipping, the streets of London with their thousand vehicles. At the island of St. Helena, which is the house of call for those ships only which come round the Cape of Good Hope, no fewer than 1400 homeward-bound vessels, most of which were British, came to an anchor during the last year (1845). The lines of regular traders to America, to the East and West Indies, and to the Australian colonies, are as punctual as our coaches used to be. Two or three hundred British ships trade annually with China; the ports of India are perpetually crowded with them. Those countless islands in the China seas, several of them many times larger than our little home, inhabited by savage nations, and their very names unknown in England, have our ships continually threading their channels, and anchoring in their ports for purposes of trade. There is not a coast nor an island on the habitable globe which does not receive visits from our seamen.

"And we at home are living in dependence upon distant, and, generally, heathen nations. Our clergy ascend their pulpits with their coats and their gowns dyed with indigo from Bengal; a large portion of our cotton articles of dress are of material grown in Tinnevelly, Bombay, or other parts of India. We cannot pass a day without our tea from China, and our coffee from Arabia, or Ceylon, or Jamaica. Some portion at least of our gay silks and of our wax candles come from China and the China seas; our sealing-wax is of Indian lac; our railway cars could not move, were it not for the palm oil from the coast of Guinea, which is applied to their wheels; our medicines are gathered in from the four quarters of the globe; we build our houses with foreign timber; we carve our food with knives whose handles remind us of the elephant hunters of Africa or Ceylon; we season our dishes with spices from Travancore or the Malaccas. Bengal rice is sold in our shops. Our whale oils were brought home by men who have lingered among the islands of idolaters. Our manufactories must, many of them, be shut up, and their teeming thousands must starve, many of our Liverpool merchants and Manchester manufacturers must be content to live in poverty -were it not for the markets where idolators and Mahomedans traffic, and where they find a ready sale for their English goods. It were monstrous to affirm

that all this brings upon us no particular duty; it were infidelity to deny that God, by this gift of extraordinary commerce, and by these close ties of common interest which He has formed between idolatrous nations and us, has given us, in an especial manner, the work to do for Him, of carrying the knowledge of salvation to the heathen.

"But our commerce is not all. God has not only sent us as wanderers over the face of the globe (a means, indeed, sufficient for carrying the Gospel everywhere), but He has placed us and our authority in every quarter of the globe, and given us strongholds in every land, where the British missionaries may take their stand among pagan natives in perfect security. Our monarch has a dominion on which the sun She has the keys of the Mediterranean, in the possession of Gibraltar, Malta, and the Ionian Islands. She commands the Red Sea, and has an entrance into Arabia, by the possession of the strong post of Aden, at the extreme south point of that continent. The occupation of Singapore and Penang secures to her the command of the China Seas.

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"The absolute authority she maintains over the greater part of Hindostan, and over her large dominions on the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal, not only give to her a sphere for glorifying God among the Gentiles, which might gladden the most desponding mind, but they force her subjects into continual intercourse with Egypt, and oblige her to hold a pacific position toward that Mahomedan nation. Within the last year, we have made a fine British settlement in the island of Borneo; we command the Canton river and its commerce by the island of Hong Kong; while far away to the south, Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand, form subject empires in themselves. British Guiana, with its aboriginal Indians and its negroes, forms for us a dominion in South America as large as England. The Cape Colony in Africa is scarcely smaller. Sierra Leone gives us intercourse with the varied tribes of West Africa. The fairest of the West Indies are ours; and, in North America, the Canadas reach backwards into the undiscovered regions where territorial limits are unknown, save by maps and charts. The responsibility which these possessions, in the midst of millions of heathen nations, lay upon us, is tremendous to think upon. Our monarch has more than ten times as many heathen subjects as she has Christians. The honour of our position is very great, the work of it exceedingly laborious, the privileges such as the most gifted might covet; but the responsibility and danger of it are greater still."— Chapters on Missions in South India, by Rev. H. W. Fox.

NOTE B.

"CAST only a glance upon the map of the world, and you will see more than half the human race crowding the empires of India and China, and the islands of the Eastern Seas. Here we are too far from them; we act on them with the wrong end of the lever; we work at mechanical disadvantage. To possess a power equal to the occasion, we ought not to be 15,000 miles from the field of action. A few minutes' thought will suffice to convince any one, that in colonization, properly conducted, we have a champion able to cope with the

Goliath of heathenism; and, chiefly, the colonization of Australia and New Zealand. If we could plant another England at the opposite side of the globe, the task would be incalculably easier: a new country, not of inconsistent professors, but of men walking worthy of their high calling; going forth, not to conquer or destroy, but to teach, to instruct, to reclaim; to make war, no doubt-but upon ignorance, vice, and misery, and to proceed in that career of holy conquest till the commands of our Lord were fulfilled."- Colonial Church Chronicle.

NOTE C.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

"THE colony of South Australia, founded in the year 1836, has risen with unexampled rapidity in numbers and importance. Its population is now believed to exceed 25,000; and rich mines of copper and lead have been discovered in many parts of the colony.”. Report of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1847.

The legislative council of New South Wales set forth, in their petition for the renewal of emigration, that, in 1847, New South Wales contained 8,000,000 sheep, being equal to one fifth of the whole number contained in Great Britain; and 1,400,000 horned cattle, being equal to one third of the number contained in Great Britain.

It was stated on oath, before the Committee of the House of Lords, 1848, that, in South Australia, thirteen bushels of wheat were grown for every soul; and in New South Wales, South Australia, and Van Diemen's Land, taken together, there appeared to be thirty sheep and five horned cattle to every soul of the population.

And, further, as to the wants of the colonies:

In their last circular, Her Majesty's Emigration Commissioners give the report of Mr. Merewether, the government agent at Sydney, in the following words :

"The labourers most wanted in New South Wales are shepherds, farm servants, agricultural labourers, and female domestic servants. The difficulties, the annoyances, and the losses to which the employers are now subjected, through the utter inadequacy of this description of servants to the demand, can scarcely be over-stated."

They give also the report of Mr. Mundy, the colonial secretary in South Australia, dated October, 1847, as follows:

"Notwithstanding that recent arrivals have increased our population by 1610 souls, chiefly of the working classes, the demand for agricultural labourers, shepherds, miners, mechanics, and female domestic servants, continues equally urgent as before, and the same high rate of wages is maintained."

The Commissioners also report that "farm servants and female domestics are much wanted in Van Diemen's Land and New Zealand."- Colonial Church Chronicle, July, 1848,

"The ignorance that prevails in the United Kingdom, among distressed operatives and others, respecting emigration, is great indeed.

A newspaper lies before me giving a report of a meeting held at Brighton, attended by several noblemen and persons of influence, and others, for the purpose of disseminating the views of the Colonization Society. The first resolution, moved by the Hon. F. Scott, was as follows:

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That, considering the distressed condition of a large number of the labouring population of the United Kingdom, and the extensive remunerative field which our colonial possessions present for their employment and relief, it is the opinion of this meeting that immediate steps are expedient with a view to an organised and wellregulated system of emigration.'

"The resolution was seconded by Earl Nelson. At an early part of the meeting, one of the Chartists called out,' I suppose you want to transport us." Certainly,' replied Mr. Scott, we want to transport you from poverty in England to plenty in Australia.'

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"Now, what words can more clearly express the utter and lamentable ignorance and misapprehension which pervade the labouring population, than those which were uttered by one of their number on the occasion referred to? Alas! I scarcely know how to urge the many thousands of poor languishing families to discard the false notions which the majority, it is to be presumed, entertain in regard to emigration. Will they believe my assertion, that the sons of many of the nobility of Great Britain, and others of the highest respectability, have arrived in the Port Philip district, with a view of making it their permanent home? Will they credit me when I also state, that some of the above number have brought into the country a fair amount of capital, which, having become absorbed in high wages, from an inadequate supply of labour, and in the purchase of a sheep or cattle station, has been the means of rendering them bankrupt, and placing their servants in the position of flockowners, landowners, or tradesmen ?

This, I can assure them, is a picture by no means overcharged, as a most cursory glance at society will prove. The city of Melbourne affords tolerable illustrations of the veracity of the statement: here are costly-built hotels; who are the proprietors? Either free emigrants or ci-devant convicts. Here are shops fitted out in elegant and costly style; and by whom? In some cases by the free emigrant, in others by the convict. Again, whose carriage and pair, barouche or tandem, are those seen daily whirling up and down the principal

The

This society, whose offices are at 7. Charing Cross, has been a most useful medium of reference to persons intending to emigrate. The committee is composed of several of the leading members of both Houses of Parliament, and other influential persons; and at its rooms may be daily met gentlemen from the various colonies, who readily afford to all applicants the best information and advice. society has done much towards the diffusion of sound and practical information throughout the country, by the issue of publications regarding colonial matters, and by the attendance of deputations of its members at public meetings held in the chief towns of the United Kingdom, during the past year.

streets? They belong, in most instances, either to the free emigrant or convict, who has retired upon the profits derived from industrious labour. Need other irrefragable proofs be added of the state of independence of the working classes generally, and of the insufficiency of labour which has conduced to it? If they be required, let me point to the cottage of the mechanic or daily labourer, each surrounded by his family of children: on the breakfast-table are seen a large dish of rump-steak or mutton-chops, eggs, fresh butter, excellent bread, and tea or coffee; the dinner-table is equally bountifully supplied, the cup foaming with colonial ale, being a never-failing accompaniment; tea and a substantial supper succeed. Think of these things, ye suffering poor at home. Fancy yourselves, also, strolling in the bush of Port Philip, and arriving at a station, where, on some occasions, you see fore-quarters of mutton lying about in a state of putridity, and ask yourselves the question, Whence this shameful waste of the bounties which God has given?' and obtain the master's reply: Our men refuse to eat this portion of the animal, and, owing to the scarcity of labour, we are compelled to submit to their dictation.'

"Does the reader blush at such a recital? Alas for the credit of humanity it is almost universally found (to verify the adage of Shakspeare), any considerable increase in the comforts of the labouring classes is by no means attended by a correspondent improvement in general demeanour. It were well if, instead of having the contrary effect, prosperity could make them better citizens and better men; if it could render them more contented, more soberminded, more respectful towards their employers; above all, more thankful to the great Author of their blessings. Here however, as elsewhere, are to be seen the usual consequences of the sudden elevation of the vulgar. Imagination might, perhaps, dwell on the pleasing illusion of an infant community, planted, as in the isles of classic story, in an abode of innocence and peace; removed alike from primitive barbarism, and the vices of effete civilization. Yet experience would dispel the aërial fictions of romance, and tend rather to the conclusion that the Anglo-Saxon race, destined to overspread the East and the West, will, ere it emerge again in any distant quarter into true greatness, by the sacrifice of some of its most noble characteristics, sink for a time in the scale of nations. It will be needful for higher principles to accompany the mere mercantile spirit, and for the Church, under the Divine blessing, to shed her holy influence upon each rising colony. And already, we may be thankful to say, has she begun her work."- DR. CLUTTER BUCK's Port Philip in 1849.

"The illustrious Cook was the first who gave the most extensive information, and dispelled many illusions regarding this extensive region, during his first and his third voyages in 1770 and 1777. Previous to this the eastern coast was almost entirely unexplored, but by him there was made known the existence of a vast island, almost equal in extent to the whole continent of Europe. Since that time it has engaged much of the attention of the British government and people. Many experiments have been tried, and with